MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1. Which of the following are structures of the muscular system? a. tendons, b. skeletal muscle, c.

cardiac muscle, d. ligaments, e. both tendons and skeletal muscle, f. tendons, skeletal muscle and ligaments 2. Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle? a. uninucleate, b. smooth or nonstriated, c. long and cylinder shape, d. involuntary 3. If you were given a paralytic drug that blocks skeletal muscle function, your biggest concern would be a. your heart would no longer beat b. all motility of your digestive tract would stop c. you would not be able to breathe d. you would not be able to move !. "he muscular system functions for? a. movement of food through the digestive tract b. production of heat c. movement of bones d. all of the above are functions of the muscular system e. both, production of heat and movement of bones, are functions of the muscular system #. What is the function of the sarcomere? a. connect muscle to bones for stabili$ation b. shorten for muscle contractions c. store and release calcium % "he sarcomere is the basic functional unit of muscle &. "rue or 'alse (keletal muscle is long, cylinder shaped, striated, and multi)nucleate. *. "rue or 'alse "endons are important structures in the muscular system because they connect bones together for stability. SKELETAL SYSTEM 'ill in the gaps with one of the options given. "he skeletal system consists of several structures. "here are 2+& ,a-....... that form the ma/ority of the system. 0rticulations are formed at the /unction of two bones. 1ach bone is covered with a layer of ,b-....... for cushioning and shock absorption. "he bones at the articulation are connected and stabili$ed with ,c-....... while ,d-....... connect the muscle to the bone. 1ach bone consists of cells termed ,e-......., the protein ,f-....... which provides some fle2ibility and the minerals ,g-....... which provide bone strenght. "he ,h-....... is essential as it functions for hematopoiesis. a- 1 collagen 2 ligaments 3 bones ! cartilage b- 1 collagen 2 ligaments 3 bones ! cartilage c- 1 tendons 2 ligaments 3 bones ! cartilage d- 1 tendons 2 ligaments 3 bones ! cartilage e- 1 collagen 2 calcium and phosphate 3 red bone marrow ! osteocytes f- 1 collagen 2 calcium and phosphate 3 osteocytes ! cartilage g- 1 collagen 2 calcium and phosphate 3 osteocytes ! cartilage h- 1 collagen 2 calcium and phosphate 3 red bone marrow ! osteocytes What is the tissue providing cushioning between bones? ligaments, bones, tendon, osteocyte, cartilage What is the tissue which connects muscles to bones? bones, osteocyte, tendon, cartilage, ligaments What is a basic bone cell which functions for maintaining bone? bones, cartilage, osteocyte, ligaments, tendon What is the tissue which connects bones together, maintains the strenght of articulations? tendon, ligaments, bones, osteocyte, cartilage What is the most numerous structures of the skeletal system? osteocyte, ligaments, cartilage, tendon, bones

What happens if you tear your anterior cruciate ligament ,034-, which runs through the knee? a. 5our knee is broken b. 5our knee will have less stability c. 5ou will no longer be able to move your lower leg d. "here is no problem 0rticular cartilage is found on the ends of bones. Its function,s- is6are to a. (tabili$e the /oint b. 7elp connect the muscles to the ends of the bone c. 8rovide cushioning to the /oint d. 8rotect the underlying bone from frictional damage THE AXIAL SKELETON 'ill in the table, which lists the location and function of the ma/or bones of the a2ial skeleton. %one,s4ocation 'unction 3ranium 7ead

9a/or grouping of a2ial skeleton

(upports facial structures, encloses and protects the brain, provides .................... muscle attachments for chewing and moving the head 8ermits chewing 8ermit mechanical stability for the body and protect the spinal cord 8rovide protection for the organs of the upper body (kull .................... "horacic cage "horacic cage

............... 4ower /aw :ertebrae (pine

............... 3hest wall

............... 3enter of the chest 8rovides attachment for many ,not all- ribs ;. (elect the name of the bone that is being described. a. "he ........ supports facial structures, encloses and protects the brain. ribs, sternum, cranium, vertebrae, mandible b. "he ........ provide protection for the organs of the upper body. ribs, sternum, cranium, vertebrae, mandible c. "he ........ permits mechanical stability for the body and protect the spinal cord. ribs, sternum, cranium, vertebrae, mandible d. "he ........ provides attachment for many ,not all- ribs. ribs, sternum, cranium, vertebrae, mandible e. "he ........ permits chewing. ribs, sternum, cranium, vertebrae, mandible <. Which of the following is not a function of the cranium? a. to enclose and protect the brain b. to support facial structures c. to provide attachment for ribs d. to provide muscle attachment for chewing APPENDICULAR SKELETON 'ill in the table, which lists the location and function of the ma/or bones of the appendicular skeleton. one,s4ocation 'unction ........... 'lat, triangular bone located on 0rticulates with the clavicle and humerus the posterior side of each shoulder 3lavicle 4ocated in each shoulder at the 7elps to keep the shoulders in place as part of the base of the neck pectoral girdle

9a/or grouping of appendicular skeleton 8ectoral girdle

............... >pper limbs

........... 12tends from the scapula to the 8rovides attachments for muscles that move the elbow shoulder and upper arm at the pro2imal end= articulates with the radius and ulna at the distal end ........... 4ocated on the lateral side of 8rovides attachment for muscles that rotate and bend the forearm between the elbow the arm at the elbow and muscles that allow and wrist movement of the wrist

>pper limbs

>lna

4ocated on the medial side of 8rovides attachment for muscles that bend and the forearm between the elbow straighten the arm at the elbow and muscles that and wrist allow movement of the wrist

...............

Ilium

4ocated on the superior portion 3onnects ................................... 8elvic girdle of the co2al bone ........................................... 8rovides attachment for muscles of the lower limbs and buttocks= distal end articulates with the tibia and patella 4ower limbs

........... 12tends from the hip to the knee "ibia 4ocated on the medial side of the leg between the knee and the ankle 4ocated on the lateral side of the tibia between the knee and ankle

0rticulates with the femur, on its superior side, to 4ower limbs form the knee /oint= articulates with the fibula on the lateral side= articulates with the patella on the anterior side= and the tarsels to form the ankle /oint 'orms .................................... 4ower limbs

'ibula

8atella

4ocated on the anterior surface (upports movement of the knee /oint of the articulation between the femur and tibia

...............

1+. "he appendicular skeleton is associated with which function? a. protection of the internal organs b. interaction with the environment c. organi$ing the structural center of the body d. all of the above 11. (elect the name of the bone that is being described. "he ........ articulates with the clavicle and humerus. "he ........ helps to keep the shoulders in place= connects upper arm to the body. "he ........ provides attachments for muscles that move the shoulder and the chest at the pro2imal end, and articulates with the radius and ulna. "he ........ provides attachment for muscles that bend the arm at the elbow and ligaments that allow movement of the wrist. "he ........ provides attachment for muscles that straighten the arm at the elbow and ligaments that allow movement of the wrist. "he ........ connects the bones of the lower limbs to the a2ial skeleton. "he ........ provides attachment for muscles of the lower limbs and buttocks= distal end articulates with the tibia. "he ........ articulates with the fibula on the lateral side= articulates with the patella on the anterior side. "he ........ forms the lateral part of the anle /oint. "he ........ supports movement of the knee /oint. 12. Which of the following attaches to the vertebral column and the lower limbs? a. pectoral girdle b. pelvic girdle c. patella d. sternal girdle 13. "he ....... is on the medial side of the lower leg and the ....... is on the medial side of the forearm. a. tibia= ulna b. ulna= radius c. tibia= fibula d. fibula= radius 1!. Indicate whether each of the following terms represents a bone in the a2ial or appendicular skeleton grouping, or indicate that it is not a bone at all. mandible tibula clavicle sternum vertebrae radius scapula ulna patella

BONES - CLASSIFICATION BY SHAPE 0 common way to classify individual bones of the skeletal system is based on their shapes. "he table below describes the four main shapes of bones. (hape ?escription 12amples long bones short bones flat bones significantly longer in one direction than in either of the other 2 directions humerus ,upper arm-= femur ,thighsimilar length in all directions flat and plate)like most carpal ,wrist- and tarsal ,ankle- bones bones of the skull vertebrae= hip bones

irregular bones not regular or systematic in shape 1#. 7ow can anthropologists look at a skeleton and /udge the age of the individual? a. younger individuals having weak, brittle bones b. presence of epiphyseal line rather than epiphyseal plate c. bone facial features changing during puberty d. loss of bone in the mandible 1&. "he carpal bones would be categori$ed as which type of bone? a. flat, b. short, c. long, d. irregular