DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

Note: results were not obtained due to financial reasons

Name Date Values Normal Values Implication Definition, Indication, and Nursing
Ordered Obtained Responsibilities
ECG July 11 Normal An electrophysiologic study that
2009 cardiac cycle measures electric currents and
components impulses generated by the heart.
1. Have patient to completely
relax
2. Pt. should rest 15 mins.
Before procedure
3. Avoid heavy meals and
smoking 30 mins. Before
procedure.
Cranial CT July 11 No evidence of Imaging method that uses x-ray to
Scan 2009 tumor, create a cross sectional pictures of he
pathology or head
fracture 1. Fasting 4-6 hrs
2. Assess for allergies to iodine
3. Inform patient that contrast
may cause a slight burning
sensation
Chest X- ray July 11 Normal Projection radiograph of the chest.
2009 appearing and Used to diagnose conditions affecting
positioned the chest
chest 1. Remove all jewelry
2. Remind the patient to keep
still during the procedure
Complete July 11 HCT-40 -52% Ordered to detect anemia, blood loss
Blood Count 2009 HGB-13-17 and hydration status
g/dl 1. Explain purpose
2. Avoid stress to the client
3. Fasting is not necessary
BUN July 11 3.5-4.8 g/dl Measurement of urea nitrogen in the
2009 body and for patients with suspected
impaired renal function
1. Assess dietary history
2. Explain purpose
3. Interpret test outcomes
Creatinine July 11 0.9-1.3mg/dl For suspected impaired renal function
2009 1. Explain purpose and
procedure
2. Assess diet for meat and
protein intake
Na and K Test July 11 136-145 meq/l Na is the most abundant cation in the
2009 3.5-5.5 meq/l extracellular fluid while K transmits
electrical impulses in the cardiac
muscle.
1. Explain test purpose nad
procedure
2. Interpret test outcomes
Urinalysis July 11 Clear to amber An essential procedure for patients
2009 yellow urine undergoing hospital admission and to
determine presence of infection or
dysfunction in the system
1. Obtain history of any drug
ingested that might cause
discoloration
2. Obtain specimen via clean
midstream catch
Fasting Blood July 11 <110 mg/dl To determine diabetic levels and to
Sugar 2009 detect abnormalities in glucose
metabolism
1. Explain the purpose
2. Overnight fasting is required
3. Interpret test results
Lipid Profile July 11 140-199 mg/dl To determine risk for coronary heart
2009 disease
1. Explain test purpose and
procedure
2. Patient should abstain from
alcohol for 48 hrs

Ideally, patient’s with CVA have the following laboratory results:

• HDL, Triglyceride and Cholesterol levels are elevated.

• Cranial CT scan- presence of intracerebral bleeding and necrotic areas

• Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit – indicates severe stroke

• Elevated BUN- increase in ICP

• ECG- short PR interval

Treatment

Name Indication Nursing Responsibilities

Intravenous Fluid Therapy To hydrate and supplement 1. Assess the Iv Site
PNSS 1l x 8 hrs nutrients 2. Monitor Vital signs
3. Observe client’s response
to the treatment
4. Always check the
volume of the IV bag
Endotracheal Tube With Ambo Airway management and 1. Explain purpose
Bag mechanical ventilation 2. Provide oral hygiene
Foley Catheter To drain urine 1. Caution patient against
pulling the catheter
2. Maintain catheter
patency
3. Observe for signs of
obstruction
4. Empty collection bag at
least 8 hrs.
Oxygen Therapy To prevent or reduce hypoxia 1. Keep humidification jar
filled at all times
2. Encourage physician to
obtain ABGs 20 mins.
after initiating oxygen
therapy
Suctioning To prevent airway obstructions 1. Maintain sterility of the
procedure
2. Assess patients
cardiopulmonary status
between suction passes
3. Check equipment if
functioning properly

Gastric Lavage To remove liquid in the stomach, 1. Review physician’s order

to clean stomach for endoscopic 2. Check placement of
procedure and to diagnose gastric gastric tube
hemorrhage 3. Explain procedure and
purpose
NGT To enhance utilization of 4. Verify physician’s order
nutrients (formula, rate and
frequency)
5. Auscultate bowel sounds
before feeding
6. Check placement of
gastric tube
1. Elevate head of bed 30 to
60 minutes after feeding

Diet

Nothing Per Orem- withholds oral fluids and foods

Indication: to prevent aspiration pneumonia, weak swallowing musculature and GI bleeding

Activity/ Exercise

Complete Bed Rest with Passive ROM except the neck- involves a period of consistent recumbence to
bed.
Indication: Acute pain in spine and joint, chorea, complications of pregnancy and cardiovascular disease.

Nursing Management

• Assess neurological status: using GCS, LOC, voluntary and involuntary movements, vital signs

• Assess for signs of an increase in ICP: bradycardia, widening of pulse pressure, changes in
respiratory function

• Check ABGs to monitor patient’s oxygen saturation

• Prevent Deformities- maintain proper body alignment and change position every 2 hours. Use
foot board to prevent foot drop.

• Provide Passive ROM except the neck to prevent increase in ICP

• Managing Dysphagia- Prepare GI feedings if indicated and elevate head of bed

• Maintain Skin Integrity- Keep skin clean and dry, gently massage dry skin

• Improving Family Coping- Provide Counseling and support to Family. Involve them in patient’s
care.

• Attaining Bowel or Bladder Control- Care for the foley catheter

• Achieving Communication- talk to the patient when providing care activities to provide social
contact.

• Maintain Safety- raise side rails and never leave the patient unattended

• Elevate head of bed to decrease ICP

• Avoid valsalva maneuver

• Provide physical care: Bed Bath, Oral Care and Shampooing.

• Monitor and Manage Potential Complications- Improve respiratory gas exchange with
supplemental oxygen, and suctioning.

Client’s Daily Progress Chart

Date Diagnostic Diet Activity Medications Treatment Surgery

Procedure
Admission ECG, NPO CBR with Mannitol, IV Therapy, None
Cranial CT ROM Omeprazole oxygen
Scan, CBC, (passive) therapy, ET
BUN, except neck Tube with
Creatinine, Ambo bag,
Na, K, Ua, Foley
Fbs, Lipid Catheter,
Profile Suctioning,
Gastric
Lavage,
NGT
Day 1 None NPO CBR with Mannitol, IV Therapy, None
ROM Omeprazole, oxygen
(passive) Metoprolol, therapy, ET
except neck Mifepidine, Tube with
Lactulose Ambo bag,
Foley
 Catheter,
Suctioning,
Gastric
Lavage,
NGT
Day 2 Client died.