CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO Teacher: Ernesto Correa

REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ernestokorrea@gmail.com

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Lets review some words that will be helpful in the listening exercise you will practice to wish, to hope, to pray, to dream, a charm, to share, gotta, heart, kiss, squeeze LISTEN TO THE SONG AND COMPLETE THE MISSING WORDS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WISHING AND HOPING Yeah just do it! And after you do you will be his. ________ and ________ and ________ and ________ ________ and ________ each night of his charms. PUT THE SENTENCES IN ORDER That wont get you into his arms ( ) You wont get him thinking and a praying So if youre ________ for love you can ________ ( ) Wishing and a hoping. All you gotta do is ________ him and kiss him and love ( ) Wear your hair just for him cause him ( ) You gotta show him that you just for him. And show him that you ________. ( ) Do the things that he likes to do. Show him that you ________ just for ________. Do the ________ that he ________ to do. Wear your ________ just for him cause You wont get him ________ and ________ ________ and ________. Cause ________ and ________ and ________ and praying ________ and ________ his ________ will start. That wont get you into his ________! Cause wishing and hoping and thinking and praying Planning and dreaming his kisses will start. That wont get you into his heart! So if youre thinking how great true love is! All you gotta do is hold him and kiss him and squeeze him and love him. Yeah just do it! And after you do you will be his.

So if youre thinking how ________ true ________ is You will be his. All you gotta do is ________ him and ________ him and ________ him and ________ him. You will be his! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------We have to understand the basic thing of a gerund and an infinitive which is their use as a NOUN and as they are considered as NOUNS they have the same functions.

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES AS NOUNS

NOUN GERUND GERUND PHRASE

A noun is a person place of thing.

A verb is changed to a noun form by adding -ing.

A verb phrase includes a gerund followed by other words such as a noun or a prepositional phrase.

Online-classes are very convenient. Computers save a lot of time

Studying is very convenient online. Computing saves a lot of time.

Studying online is very convenient. Using a computer saves a lot of time.

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO Teacher: Ernesto Correa

SINGULAR

REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ernestokorrea@gmail.com

PLURAL

Use singular verb agreement with a gerund activity.

Use plural verb agreement with more than one gerund activity.

Reading books is important for learning vocabulary. Texting while you are driving is dangerous.

Reading and listening the television are two ways to improve your vocabulary. Typing and texting are activities that require a keyboard.

Similar to gerunds, an infinitive has the same NOUN function which is not very common but possible in written English
SUBJECT - GERUND PHRASE SUBJECT - INFINITIVE PHRASE

Starting a sentence with an infinitive is not as common as using a gerund. (noun phrase)

To start a sentence with an infinitive sounds awkward as if one is giving a formal speech.

QUOTES

DEFINITIONS

Infinitives are frequently used in quotes.

Infinitives are commonly used in dictionary definitions:

To believe is very dull. To doubt is intensely engrossing. To be on the alert is to live. To be lulled into security is to die. -Oscar Wilde

KNOW 1. To perceive directly; grasp in the mind with clarity or certainty. 2. To regardas true beyond doubt: "I know she won't fail." 3. To have a practical understanding of, as through experience; be skilled in: "knows how to cook." 4. To have fixed in the mind: "knows her Latin verbs." 5. To have experience of: "a black stubble that had known no razor"-- ;William Faulkner 6. To be acquainted with: "He doesn't know his neighbors." 7. To be able to distinguish; recognize as distinct: "knows right from wrong." 8. To discern the character or nature of: "knew him for a liar." 9. Archaic To have sexual intercourse with .

Complete the sentence with the correct GERUND using the verb in parenthesis 1. (Have) _________ a big party is a good idea 2. The (time)_________ of telling a joke is half of the art. 3. Not (destroy)_________ the punchline is critical. punchline (n.) final line in a joke 4. (joke)_________ is a different art which doesn't include a story. 5. (kid)_________ is a kind of humor in which someone says something untrue for an effect. 6. (try)_________ to make people laugh often doesn't work. 7. (get)_________ through a story should take some time. 8. (fly)_________ through a joke too quickly doesn't give listeners enough time to use their imaginations. 9. (tie)_________ up the details of a joke is like weaving cloth. weave (v.) making a textile, cloth 10.(relate)_________ the joke to the audience is essential. relate (v.) to connect; to feel you understand someone's problem essential (adj.) important 11. Peoples (laugh)_________ indicate that the joke is acceptable 12. Not (clap)_________ can be considered as rude 13.(win)_________ laughs from an audience is a rewarding feeling. 14.(be)_________ a good actor helps when telling a joke. 15.(have)_________ a good memory helps a lot too. 16.(make)_________ people smile is priceless.

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO Teacher: Ernesto Correa Change the 'infinitive' phrase to a 'gerund' phrase EX:
To know is nothing at all; to imagine is everything.

REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ernestokorrea@gmail.com

Knowing is nothing at all; imagining is everything.

1. To live is to learn. __________ is __________ 2. To know is to care. __________ is __________ 3. To know what we know and to know what we do not know -- that is understanding. __________ what we know and __________ what we do not know that is understanding 4. To see is to believe. __________ is __________ 5. To think something does not cause as much trouble as to say something. __________ something does not cause as much trouble as __________ something 6. To be successful in love, one must know how to begin and when to stop. __________ successful in love, one must know how to begin and when to stop. 7. To give lip service to someone requires little effort. __________ lip service to someone requires little effort. 8. To know all is to forgive all. __________ all is __________ all 9. To forgive is heavenly, to forget is divine. __________ is heavenly, __________ is divine

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES AS DIRECT OBJECTS

OBJECT - NOUN We enjoyed the game. We didn't mind the noise. VERB BEFORE GERUND Particular verbs expressing attitude or opinion are followed by the gerund verb form of the activity. I hate practicing my guitar. I enjoy being a disk jockey. I can't bear seeing bad results. I can't help rushing all the time. I postponed hiring an assistant.
admit He admitted smoking marijuana. advise He advised going to college. allow They allowed smoking outside. anticipate I anticipate having fun. appreciate She appreciates having help. avoid We avoid asking for help. begin *I begin working tomorrow. can't bear I can't bear hearing lies. can't help I can't help sneezing. can't stand I can't stand waiting. celebrate He celebrated getting a job. complete He completed reading it. consider He won't consider helping. delay They delayed leaving. deny He denied stealing it. deserve He deserves being in jail. detest She detests exercising. discuss We discussed going out. dislike He dislikes dressing up. enjoy She enjoys dressing up. escape He escaped getting married. finish We finished watching TV. forget **I forgot turning the light off. imagine He imagined being free. hate *She hates being alone. keep We keep trusting him.

OBJECT - GERUND ( also a noun) We enjoyed watching. We didn't mind listening.

OBJECT - GERUND PHRASE We enjoyed watching the game. We didn't mind hearing the cheers.

SYNONYMS (verbs with same meaning) Vers with similar meaning also tend to be followed by the gerund verb form of the activity. I detest / dislike practicing my guitar. (Hate, detest, dislike have the same meaning.) I love / like being a disk jockey. I can't stand / hate seeing bad results. I can't avoid rushing all the time. I delayed / put off hiring an assistant.
like *I like learning languages. love *We love going on vacation. mention He mentioned having dogs. mind Do you mind smoking there? miss I miss being home. neglect *I neglected doing my work. postpone I postponed having kids. practice I practice playing the piano. prefer *We prefer eating early. prohibit They prohibit parking here. quit I quit smoking. recall She recalls being young. reccommend I recommend staying. regret *I regret not being there. remember **I remember hearing it. resent I resent being left alone. resist I resist eating too much. risk He risked losing everything. start *We started taking walks. stop **He stopped smoking. suggest He suggested chewing gum. tolerate We don't tolerate cheating. try We tried eating snails. understand I understand getting mad.

prevent Vaccinations prevent getting ill. support He supported going to war.

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Teacher: Ernesto Correa ernestokorrea@gmail.com May be followed by a gerund or an infinitive: * without a change in meaning. / ** with a change in meaning. May be followed by an object: and an infinitive. (He advised us to go to college.) / and a gerund. (She appreciates you for helping.) May be followed by a that-clause. Subjunctifve Verbs VERB BEFORE GERUND Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive without a change in meaning. I love traveling. I prefer dunking my doughnuts. He deserves being in jail. I continue working out everyday.
attempt I attempted to build / building a house. begin We began to work / working. can't bear I can't bear to leave / leaving you. can't stand I can't stand to see / seeing waste.

VERB BEFORE INFINITIVE (same meaning) Using a gerund or infinitive after these verbs does not change the meaning. I love to travel. (But not I would love to travel. which expresses a wish.) I prefer to dunk my doughnuts. He deserves to be in jail. I continue to work out everyday.
continue We continued to work / working all day. deserve He deserves to be / being in jail. hate I hate to miss / missing my bus. like I like to smim / swimming. love I love to travel / traveling prefer I prefer to walk / walking. start She started to cry / crying

A NOUN AS THE OBJECT

AN INFINITIVE VERB PHRASE AS THE OBJECT

Ed needs some help. Ed hopes for some peace and quiet. Ed likes attention from others.

Ed needs to get some help. Ed hopes to find some peace and quiet. Ed intends to receive attention from others.

VERB + INFINITIVE afford I can afford to buy it. agree I agreed to help her. appear You appear to be lost. arrange I arranged to meet them. ask I asked to go along. attempt* I attempted to explain. beg I begged to go too. begin* I began to take classes. can't bear I can't bear to leave. can't stand* I can't stand to wait. care I don't care to see them. choose I choose to live here. claim He claims to be smart. consent She consented to marry him.

VERB + INFINITIVE continue* I continue to work there. decide I can afford to buy it. demand He demanded to know. deserve* You deserve to win. desire She desires to see you. expect I expect to be a little late. fail I failed to get an A. forget I forgot to call you. hate I hate to miss your show. hesitate* I hesitate to say anything. hope I hope to leave soon. intend* I intend to win the game. learn I learned to speak Swahili. hope I hope to see you soon.

VERB + INFINITIVE like* I like to swim. would like I'd like to go with you. love* I love to dance. manage I'll manage to survive. mean I didn't mean to hurt you. need I need to ask them. neglect* I neglected to do my work. offer I offered to pay for it. plan I plan to leave soon. prefer* I prefer to pay less. pretend I pretend to be confident. prepare I will prepare to leave. promise I promise to be on time. refuse I refuse to believe lies.

VERB + INFINITIVE regret I regret to tell you this. remember** I remembered to lock it. seem He seems to be relaxed. start* It started to snow. struggle I struggle to do well. swear I swear to be true. tend I tend to be on time. threaten I hope to see you soon. try* I try to help often. volunteer I volunteered to cook. wait I wanted to see the show. want I want to leave now. wish I hope to go to Italy.

NEGATIVE MAIN VERB

NEGATIVE INFINITIVE

Use a negative verb if the speaker has no particular intention to do something.

Use a negative infinitive if the speak has a clear intention to avoid something.

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO Teacher: Ernesto Correa

I don't plan to shop downtown.
(Either I have no plans or shopping downtown is not included in my plans.)

REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ernestokorrea@gmail.com

I plan not to shop downtown.
(Shopping downtown is not included in my plans.)

OPTIONAL to

OMIT to

Use to optionally after dare and help.

Do not use to after would rather.

I didn't dare (to) go on vacation without asking first. They helped (to) get the project done.

I would rather [to] go on vacation than work.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LEGALLY BLONDE (738) A. Watch the video segment and circle the best verb for each sentence, according to the information presented in the segment B. Then, decide which form of the words in parenthesis is the best. (GERUND OR INFINITIVE?) 1) The attorney [refused/ wanted/ planned ] _________ (accept) being replaced from the case by a Law student. 2) The defendant [ decided/ imagined/ claimed ] _________ (fire) her attorney on trial day. 3) Elle [ hates/loves/ avoids ] _________ (wear) extravagant clothes. 4) The judge finally [ refused/ denied/ resolved ] _________ (proceed) with the trial. 5) Elle's friends [ couldn't help / pretended / finished ] _________ (talk) about the court room in front of everyone. 6) The judge [ told/ asked/ begged ] _________ (the ladies - take) a seat. 7) The witness [ explained/ urged / swore ] _________ (tell ) the truth. 8) The witness [ claimed / showed / intended ] _________ (be) in the shower during the murder. 9) The witness [ denied / insisted/ warned ] _________ (hear) the gunshot. 10) The judge [ forbid/ prohibited/ let ] _________ (Elle - make) her point. 11) The witness [ admitted / proved/ avoided ] _________ (kill) her father by mistake. 12) Finally, the judge [ prohibited / allowed / pretended ] _________ (the defendant - go) free. By Claudio Azevedo ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GERUNDS AFTER PREPOSITIONS

We use the Gerund after the following phrases: accuse of agree with apologize for believe in blame for complain about concentrate on congratulate sb. on cope with They were accused of breaking into a shop. I agree with playing darts. They apologize for being late. She doesn't believe in getting lost in the wood. The reporter is blamed for writing bad stories. She complains about bullying. Do you concentrate on reading or writing? I wanted to congratulate you on making such a good speech. He is not sure how to cope with getting older.

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO Teacher: Ernesto Correa decide against depend on dream about/of feel like get used to insist on look forward to prevent sb. from sth. rely on sth. succeed in specialize in stop sb. from talk about/of think of warn sb. against worry about

REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ernestokorrea@gmail.com

They decided against stealing the car. Success may depend on becoming more patient. Sue dreams of being a pop star. They feel like going to bed. You must get used to working long hours. The girls insisted on going out with Mark. I'm looking forward to seeing you soon. How can I prevent Kate from working in this shop? He doesn't rely on winning in the casino. How then can I succeed in learning chemistry? The firm specialized in designing websites. I stopped Andrew from smoking. They often talk about travelling to New Zealand. Frank thinks of playing chess. We warned them against using this computer. The patient worries about having the check-up.

We use the Gerund after the following phrases: afraid of angry about/at bad at good at clever at crazy about disappointed about/at excited about famous for fed up with fond of glad about happy about/at interested in keen on They are afraid of losing the match. Pat is angry about walking in the rain. John is good at working in the garden. He is clever at skateboarding. The girl is crazy about playing tennis. He is disappointed about seeing such a bad report. We are excited about making our own film. Sandy is famous for singing songs. I'm fed up with being treated as a child. Hannah is fond of going to parties. She is glad about getting married again. The children are not happy about seeing a doctor. Are you interested in writing poems? Joe is keen on drawing.

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO Teacher: Ernesto Correa proud of sick of sorry about/for tired of used to worried about

REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ernestokorrea@gmail.com She is proud of riding a snowboard. We're sick of sitting around like this. He's sorry for eating in the lesson. I'm tired of waiting for you. She is used to smoking. I'm worried about making mistakes.

1. Complete the chart with the correct preposition. You will use some prepositions more than once. about for in of on to

look forward ___________________ be tired _______________________ be used _______________________ insist _________________________ believe _______________________ apologize _____________________ approve ______________________ succeed ______________________ be worried ____________________ be opposed ___________________ 2. Complete the sentence with the correct prepositions (FOR, ON, OF, WITH, TO, LIKE, AT, ABOUT) 1. Keith is good _______ speaking English. 2. Julie complains _______ losing her books. 3. Stephen and Mark are afraid _______ losing their books. 4. Margaret doesn't feel _______ doing her English homework. 5. They are looking forward _______ going to France. 6. Anne dreams _______ living in the countryside. 7. Dale said he was sorry _______ being late. 8. He thinks _______ playing cricket after work. 9. Sarah insists _______ going out with Wendy. 10. Do you agree _______ staying on strike? 3. Read the following conversations that take place a student council meeting. Complete the summary sentences. Use the expressions in Exercise 1 and the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses ( ). Kyle: Where were you? It's 7:30. Our meeting started at 7:00. John: I know. I'm sorry. John apologized for coming late. (come) Matt: I have some good news. We've reached our goal. Since our last meeting, we've collected more than 100 student signatures in favor of going on strike. The students ______________________________ more than 100 signatures. (collect)

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Teacher: Ernesto Correa ernestokorrea@gmail.com Amy: I'm not sure it's a good idea to strike. John: Final exams are in a few weeks. It'll be a problem if we miss classes. John __________________________________________ classes. (miss) Amy: I don't know. We've always solved our problems with the administration before. John: That's true. In the past they've always listened to us. These students __________________________________ together with the administration. (work) Amy: I'm against striking. We should talk to the administration again. John: I agree. That's the best way to solve this problem. Amy and John ______________________________ to the administration again. (talk) Matt: We keep asking the administration for a response. They've said nothing. Eva: That's right. We've had enough. We don't want to wait any more. These students _________________________________________ for an answer. (wait) John: Can we give this decision a little more time? Matt: No, I'm sorry. We really have to reach a decision today. Matt _____________________________ a decision immediately. (reach) Matt: Let's take a vote. All those in favor of going on strike raise your hand....OK. That's 10 for and 2 against. We'll recommend a strike to the student body. The student council _________________________________ a strike. (have) Eva: Only two people voted no. Only two council members ______________________________ on strike. (go) Amy: I don't know about you, but I'll be glad when all this is over. John: I know what you mean. I'll be happy when things return to normal. Amy and John are _________________________________ to their normal activities. (return) 4. How do you feel about THE CBA? Complete the following sentences by adding a preposition and a gerund. I'm looking forward _______________________________________________________. I'm a little worried ________________________________________________________. I've gotten used __________________________________________________________. I sometimes get tired ______________________________________________________. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO Teacher: Ernesto Correa

1. Listen to the song and fill in the blanks

REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ernestokorrea@gmail.com

What Hurts the Most Rascal Flatts

I can ________ the rain on the _______ of this empty _______ That don't _______ me (THERE IS A MISTAKE HERE) I can _______ a few ___________ now and then and just let them out I'm not __________ to cry every ________ in a while _____ ______ Going on with your gone still _________ me There are ___________ every now and again I ____________ I'm okay ________ that's not what __________ me 2. Match the sentences the corresponding letter to complete them (CHORUS) 1. What hurts the most a) And watching you walk away 2. And having so much to say b) What could've been 3. And never knowing c) Is what I was trying to do 4. And not seeing that loving you d) Was being so close Order the sentences of the song, number one was done for you ____ I would trade, give away all the words that I saved in my heart ____ That I left unspoken ____ But I know if I could do it over ____ Still harder getting up, getting dressed, living with this regret ____ It's hard to force that smile when I see our old friends and I'm alone __1_ It's hard to deal with the pain of losing you everywhere I go ____ But I'm doing it Listen to the last part of the song and fill in the blanks What _______ the most was ________ so _______ And _______ so much to say (Much to say) And _______ you __________ And never ________ What could have _________ And not ______ that ________ you Is what I was ________ to do 5. Complete the following exercises 1. List gerunds and infinitives reviewed on the song (GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES) ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

3.

4.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Look at the video and copy the gerunds and infinitives presented in the segments

CENTRO BOLIVIANO AMERICANO REVIEW OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Teacher: Ernesto Correa ernestokorrea@gmail.com __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________