5 55 5

KINETIC THEO KINETIC THEO KINETIC THEO KINETIC THEORY OF GASES RY OF GASES RY OF GASES RY OF GASES
CET WORKSHEETS SOLUTIONS


Kinetic Theory Of Gases
1. d)
0
273 C


Molecular motion ceases at absolute
zero temperature =
0
273 C
2.
c)
0
0 C
3. b) column of mercury 76 mm high at
0
0 C under stranded gravity
As STP pressure is equivalent to the
pressure exerted by column of
mercury 76 m high at
0
0 C or 273 K
under standard gravity
4. c) torr


mm of Hg is also called torr
1mm of Hg = 1 torr
5. b) 10 : 1


S.I. unit =
2
/ N m
C.G.S. unit =
2
/ dyne cm

2
2
1 /
1 /
N m
ratio
dyne cm
=
1 N =
5
10 dyne
2 4 2
1 10 m cm =
5 4 2
2
10 / 10
1 /
dyne cm
ratio
dyne cm
=

2
2
10 /
1 /
dyne cm
dyne cm
=
= 10 : 1
6. b)
N
n



0
N
N
n
=
7. b)
0
M
m
N
=
8. c) fundamental constant and equal to
23
6.023 10

Avogadros number is a fundamental
constant and equal to
23
6.023 10
9. a)
mN
M
n
=
10. c) A -3, B -2, C - 4

11. b)
A B
B A
P P
V V
=


According to Boyles law
1
P
V

or PV = constant
A A B B
P V P V =

A B
B A
P V
P V
=
12. b)
1 2
1 2
V V
T T
= at constant pressure


According to Charles law
V T at constant pressure
V
T
= constant
1 2
1 2
V V
T T
=
13. c)

PV = constant



14. a)


V T



15. d)


Kinetic Theory Of Gases
44

tan =
V
cons t
T





16. a)


P T




17. d)



tan =
P
cons t
T





18.
b)
5
2 10 Pa


By Boyles law
1
P
V

1 1 2 2
PV PV =
1 1
2
2
PV
P
V
=

1
2
2
2 1 1
V L
V L
=
`
= =
)


5
10 2
1

=

5
2 10 Pa =
19. c)
5
1
10
2
Pa


By Boyles law
1
P
V


1 1 2 2
PV PV =
1 1
2
2
PV
P
V
=

1
2
2
2 2 4
V L
V L
=
`
= + =
)


5
10 2
4

=

5
1
10
2
Pa =
20. d) 3 P / 2


( ) ( )
2
2
3
V
V V
initial Final


1
P
V

f
i
i f
P
V
P V
=

2
3
f i
V
P P
V
=

3 3
2 2
i
P
P = =
21. b) 0.04
3
m


By Boyles law
1
P
V


1 1 2 2
PV PV =
1 1
2
2
PV
V
P
=
2
1
2
2
5 /
2.5 /
P N m
P N m

=

`
=

)


5 0.02
2.5

= 2 0.02 =
= 0.04
3
m
22. c) 0.02/3
3
m


By Boyles law
1 1 2 2
PV PV =
1 1
2
2
PV
V
P
=
2
1
2
2
5 /
15 /
P N m
P N m

=

`
=

)


Kinetic Theory Of Gases
45

5 0.02
15

=

2
0.02
/
3
N m =
23. c) 4P/3, 3V/4


Initial state : P V T
3 V V
1
P
V

3
P
P
Second state :
3
P
,3V,T
4
3 3
P P

1
P
V

3
4
V
V
Final state :
4 3
, ,
3 4
P V
T
24. d) 25 %


Volume is decreased by 20%
final volume
2
20
100
V V V =
= 0.8 V
By Boyles law
1
P
V

PV = Constant



1 1 2 2
PV PV =

2
0.8 PV P V =

2
0.8
P
P =
Increase in pressure =
0.8
P
P
=
1 0.8
0.8
P
| |
|
\


0.2
0.8
P =
% increase
0.2
100
0.8
=
1
100
4
=
= 25%

25. c) 9V /11


( ) ( )
9 9 / 11 T T T
Initial Final


By Boyles law
V T
f f
i i
V T
V T
=
f
f i
i
T
V V
T
=

9 / 11 T
V
T
=

9
11
V
=
26. b) 1200 K


By Boyles law
V T (T = absolute temperature)
2 2
1 1
T V
T V
=
2
2 1
1
V
T T
V
=
1 2
1
1 , 3 1 3
127 273 400
V L V L
T K
= = =
`
= + =
)


3
400
1
=
= 1200K.
27. d) V/2, T/2


Initial state : P V T
4 T T
By Boyles law
V T
4 V V
Second state : P,4T
4
8 2
V V
V =
By Boyles law
V T
4
8 2
T T
T =
Final state : P,
2
V
,
2
T

28. a) decrease by 15%


By Boyles law
V T
As volume decreases by 15% , then
temperature also decreases by 15%

Kinetic Theory Of Gases
46
29.
c) 3.33 N /
3
m


By Gay Lussacs Law
P T
1 1
2 2
P T
P T
=
2
2 1
1
T
P P
T
=
1
1
327 273 600
127 273 400
T K
T K
= + =
`
= + =
)


400 2
5 5
600 3
= =
= 3.33 N /
3
m
30. b) T /5


( ) ( )
2
10 10 5
P P P
P
Initial Final
=

By Boyles law
f f
i i
P T
P T
=
f
f i
i
P
T T
P
=

/ 5 P
T
P
=



5
T
=
31. a) 25 %


By Gay Lussacs Law
P T
if T increases by 25%
P increases by 25%
32.
a)
23
13 10


According to Avogadros law at the
same temperature and pressure, equal
volume of gases contain equal
number of molecules.
Number of molecules in cylinder B
23
13 10 =








33.
c)
1 2
P P >





As a constant temperatures T we get
the two values
1 2
V and V corresponding to the two
Clearly
2 1
V V >
As constant temperature
1
P
V

1 2
P P >
34. d)
1 2
t t >> so that
2
t is negligible
35. d) remains constant
36. b) rate of change of momentum
imparted to walls per unit time per
unit area


Rate of change of momentum
imparted to walls per unit time per
unit area is the pressure exerted by a
gas on the wall of container.
37. d) 2 mc
38. d) both b and c
39. c) viscosity
40. c) both a and b
41. d) both a and b

,
PV
PV nRT
T
= = constant
42. d) neither attract nor repel each other
43. c) translational kinetic energy of
molecules
44. c) K.E.
45. d) neither a nor b


Ideal gas can neither be liquefied nor
solidified.
46. d) both a and b
S.I. unit of R : N/m mole K,J/mole K
47. a) [R] =
1 2 2 1 1
[ ] M L T mol


48. c) 4.157 J / gm K


1 mole
2
2 H gm =

8.314
2
R = J/gm K
= 4.157 J/gm K
49. a) J/ K
S.I. unit of K is J/K
50.
c)
0
927 C

Kinetic Theory Of Gases
47


We know that
1 1 2 2
1 2
PV PV
T T
=

2 1
2 P P = and
2 1
2 V V = ,then

2 2 2
1 1 1
T PV
T PV
=

1 1
1 1
2 2
4
P V
PV

= =
2 1
4 T T =
( ) 4 27 273 = +
4 300 =
1200K =

0
1200 273 C =

0
970 C =
51. d) 2.75 atm



1 1 2 2
1 2
=
PV PV
T T

2
1 30 5.2
300 143

=
P

2
30 143
300 5.2
= P
= 2.75atm
52. a) 12


PV = nRT
PV
n
RT
=

6 3
1.8 10 16.62 10
8.31 300

5 3
2
18 16.62 10 10
8.31 3 10

6 2 12 = =
53. d) 4 : 1


For cylinder A :
A A A
m
P V nRT RT
M
= =
(m = mass of gas)
' '
A
A
m N RT m RT
PV N
M M
= = ..(i)
( ' m = mass of each molecule )
For cylinder B :
B B B B
m
P V nRT RT
M
= =
( ) ' 2
2
4
B
m N R T V
P
M
=


'
4
B
PV m N RT
M
=

'
B
m RT
N
M
= ..(ii)

4
1
A
B
N
N
=
. . : 4:1
A B
i e N N =
54. a)
5 2
2.49 10 / N m


By Daltons law
0 N
P P P = +
We , know
PV = nRT
m RT
P
M V
=
o
o
o
m RT
P
M V
=
N
N
N
m RT
P
M V
=
o N
o N
m m RT
P
M M V
| |
= +
|
\


3
16 14 8.3 300
32 28 10 10

| |
= +
|
\


3
1 1
249 10
2 2
| |
= +
|
\


5
1 2.49 10 P =
5 2
2.49 10 / P N m =
55. d) 8.3 atm


By Daltons law

0 2 N CO
P P P P = + +
PV = nRT
m RT
P
M V
=
o
o
o
m RT
P
M V
= ,
N
N
N
m RT
P
M V
= ,
2
2
2
CO
CO
CO
m
RT
P
M V
=
2
2
CO
o N
o N CO
m
m m RT
P
M M M V
| |
= + + |
|
\


3
16 7 11 8.3 300
32 28 44 3 10

| |
= + +
|
\


Kinetic Theory Of Gases
48

3
1 1 1 8.3 300
2 4 4 10

| |
= + +
|
\


5
1 1
8.3 10
2 2
| |
= +
|
\


5
8.3 10 =
8.3 . P atm
56. c)
15
8 10 molecules


We have
PV = nRT

m
RT
M
= (m = mass of gas)

' m N
RT
M
=
'
.
m mass of each molecule
N no of molecules
=
`
=
)





' m RT
N
M
=
PV = NKT .(i)
where

' m R
M
= constant = K
At STP

0 0 0 0
PV N KT = .(ii)
where

0
N = Avogadros no.
equation (i) equation (ii)
0 0 0 0
PV N T
PV N T
=

0
0
0 0
T P V
N N
P V T
=

4
23
10 250 273
6 10
76 22400 300

=

16
40950
10
51072
=

16
0.8018 10 =
15
8 10 N molecules
57. a) 3 units


Mean free path
=
1 2 3
..........
n
d d d d
n
+ + +

=
1 3 2 4 2 1 5 6
8
+ + + + + + +




=
24
8

= 3 units
58. a) zero
59. a) becomes four times of its pervious
value


We have
C T
2
C T
2
2 2
2
1 1
C T
T C
=

2
2
2 1
1
C
T T
C
| |
=
|
\

( )
2
2 1
2 T T =
2 1
4 T T =
60. a)
0
0 C


We know
2
5
7
He H
C C =
2
2
3
3 5
7
H
He
He H
RT
RT
M M
=

2
2
5
7
H
He
He H
T
T
M M
=

5 273
4 7 2
He
T
=

25 273
4
49 2
He
T =

0
50
273 273 0
49
K C = =
61. d) 3.0 atm


2
1
3
P C =
2
1
8.99 10 3180 3180
3

=
90910476
3
=
5
30303492
1.01 10
=

5
300034 10

=
= 3.0 atm



Kinetic Theory Of Gases
49
62. a) 614.25 K


2 1
3
2
C C =
we know
C T
2 2
1 1
C T
C T
=
1
2
1
3
2
273
C
T
C
=
2
3
2 273
T
=


2
9
4 273
T
=

2
9
273
4
T =
2
T = 614.25 K
63.
b)
H He
C C =


We have
3
H
H
H
P V
C
M
=
3
He
He
He
P V
C
M
=
He H H
He He H
M C P
C P M
=

1 4
2 2
=
H He
C C =
64. a)
400
3


We know velocity depends on
temperature. So,
2 2
1 1
=
C T
C T

2
2 1
1
=
T
C C
T


400
200
300
=

200 2
3

=


400
/
3
= m s
65. a)
2
1

3P
C =

1
C

1 2
2 1
C
C

66. b)
0.732 initial velocity


C T
2 2
1 1
=
C T
C T


1
1
3
=
T
T

3 =
2 1
3 = C C
Increase in velocity
2 1
= C C
1 1
3 = C C
( ) 1
3 1 = C
( )
1
1.732 1 = C
1
0.732 = C
0.732 = initial velocity.
67. a) : 3


sound
P
V

=

and
3
rms
P
C =

/
3 /
sound
rms
V P
C P

=
3

=
: : 3
sound rms
V C =
68.
b)
2
2.16 10 / m s


. . . r m s
C =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 10 2 10 3 10
3
+ +

=
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 4
1 10 4 10 9 10
3
+ +


Kinetic Theory Of Gases
50
=
( )
4
1 4 9 10
3
+ +

=
4
14
10
3

=
4
4.667 10
=
2
2.16 10 / m s
69. b) 7 T


C B
C C =
3 3
C B
C B
RT RT
M M
=

C B
C B
T T
M M
=

28 4
C
T T
=
28 7 .
4
C
T
T T = =
70. b) 3 : 2

3
=

rms
P
C
1 1 2
2 2 1

C P
C P


3 3 3
2 2 2
= =
= 3 : 2
71. a)
2
1
3
mNC
V


P =
2
1
3
M
C
V
=
2
1
3
NmC
V

72. d) two third of mean kinetic energy per
unit volume


=
2
2 1
3 2
NmC
V
| |
|
|
\
2
1
. .
2
NmC K E
| |
=
|
\

=
2 . .
3
K E
V

73. b) directly proportional to the mean
square velocity


2
P C
74. d) equal in all the three


1 2
/ 2
, ,
/ 2
M M M
V V V
= = =
3
/ 4
/ 4
M M
V V
= =



1 2 3
= =
also
1 2 3
C C C = =
2
1
3
P C rms =
1 2 3
. . i e P P P = =
75. d) 16 : 1


RT
P
M

=
1
P
M

1 2
2 1
P M
P M
=
32 16
2 1
=
1 2
: 16:1 P P =
76. b)
6 3
1.5 10 / erg cm


( )
. . 3
, 1
2
K E
P At NTP P atm
Volume
= =
6 2
1.013 10 / dyne cm =
6
3
1.013 10
2
=
6
3.039
10
2
=
6 3
1 5 10 = . erg / cm
77. c)
9
2
times kinetic energy of gas
molecules in cylinder A


E T
B B
A A
E T
E T
=

1800
400
=
1
2
127 273 400
1527 273 1800
T K
T K
= + = | |
|
= + =
\

9
2
B A
E E =
78. c) 16 : 5

( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
. .
2
1
. .
5
2
m C
K E
K E
m C
=
2
1
2
1
5
C
C
| |
=
|
\


Kinetic Theory Of Gases
51
( )
2 1 16
4
5 5
= =
( ) ( )
1 2
. . : . . 16 : 5 K E K E =
79. a)
Q
S
mdT
=
80.
d)
0
/ cal gm C
81.
b)
0 2 2 1
[ ] M L T


82. b) quantity of heat required to raise
temperature of 1 mole of substance
through 1K
83. b) principal specific heat
84. d)
P V
C dT C dT dW + =
85. c)
P V
R
C C
MJ
=

86. c)
1
R


87.
d)
1
R


88. d) atomicity of gas
89. c) triatomic
90.
b)
5
2
V
C R =

91. c) 8333 J/ kg K


1.6
P V
C C
5000
P V
C C =
1.6 5000 =
V V
C C
0.6 5000 =
V
C

5000
0.6
V
C =

= 8333 J/ kg K
92. c) 4.2 J/cal


JdQ = du + dW
200 J = 502 + 338
502 338 840
200 200
J
+
= =

= 4.2 J/cal
93. d) 4197 J/Kcal


P
V
C
C
=

0.239
1.4
V
C
=

0.239
1.171
1.4
V
C = =

P V
R
C C
mJ
=

P V
RT
C C
mJT
=




P V
PV
C C
mJT
=

1 V
m
| |
=
|

P V
P
C C
JT

5
1.013 10
0.239 0.171
1.3 273 J

=


5
1.013
10
24.1332
=

5
0.04197 10 =
= 4197 J/Kcal
94. a) 1.984 K cal/K mole K


P
V
C
C
=

1.4
4.96
P
C
=

1.4 4.96
P
C =
6.944
P
C =
P V
C C R =
6.944 4.96 R =
R = 1.984 K cal/K mole K
95. b)



=
V
C K
96.
a)
P
C =
P
MC
97.
c) V P
C C >


Due to anomalous behavior of water
from
0
0 C to
0
4 C the volume decreases
and than increases.

98. b) 124 J


207
P
dQ C dT = =
V
dQ C dT =
P V
C dT C dT PdV =
P V
C dT C dT RdT =
( ) 207 8.3 10
V
C dT =
207 83 124
V
C dT J dQ = = =
99. a)
5
7



For 1 mole of ideal gas
P
Q C dT =
V
du C dT =

Kinetic Theory Of Gases
52
V
P
C du
Q C
=

1 10 5
1.4 14 7
= = =
V
P
C
But
C

5
7
du
Q
=

100. c) 36 m/s


When vessel is moved with velocity
v, all gas molecules will have
additional translational velocity.
KE. Of molecules =
2
1
2
mv =

K.E. of one mole =
2
1
2
Mv =

When it is suddenly stopped its K.E is
converted in to heat.
101. d) 1 : 32


7
PV = constant
7
2 1
1 2
P V
P V
| |
=
|
\

5/ 3
2 1
1 1
8
P V
P V
| |
=
|
\


5/3 5
1 1 1
8 2 32
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ \

2 1
: 1: 32 P P =
102. a) 3 : 2


For adiabatic gases
1
P T

= constant;
( ) 1
consatnt
T
P

=

( ) 1
T P

,
( ) 1
T P

,
( ) / 1
T P


( ) / 1
P T


But ,
3
P T
3
1

=


3 3 =
2 3 =

3
2
=

: 3: 2
P V
C C =
103. b) nRdT


Energy supplied =
P
dQ nC dT =
Rise in internal energy du =
V
du nC dT =
External work done dW = dQ du
P V
nC dT nC dT =
( )
P V
ndT C C =
= nRdT
104.
d) ( )
P
n C R dT


Rise in internal energy = dQ dw
P
nC dT nRdT =
( )
P
ndT C R =
( )
P
n C R dT =
105. c) 1400 J


Heat absorbed = 1000J
V
nC dT =
V
nC dT = = 1000
5 10 1000
V
C =
1000 100
20
5 10 5
V
C = = =

But
P V
C C R =
20 8
P
C =
8 20 28
P
C = + =
(amount of heat absorbed at constant
pressure )
V
nC dT =
5 28 10 =
=1400J.
106. d)
3
2
R



For perfect gas
3
.
2 2
V
f
C R R = =

107. d)
5
2
R



5
1 .
2 2
V
f
C R
(
= + =
(


108. a) the body at lower temperature absorbs
heat
109.
d)
1 2 2 1
[ ] M L T


110. c) product of specific hat and mass of
substance


Water equivalent = mass of substance
specific heat
111. b) A-III, B-II, C-VI, D-V, E-IV, F-I
112. b) A,B,E only


Processes that involve absorption of
heat fusion, vaporization,
sublimation.
113.
b)
3
4.184 10 :1


Heat unit : Mechanical unit
:
Cal J
gm Kg
=
3
4.186
:
10
J J
Kg kg

=

Kinetic Theory Of Gases
53
3
4.186 10
:
J J J
kg Kg

=
3
4.184 10 :1 =
114. d) hidden heat
115. c) 540 Kcal / kg


4536
2
Q
L
m
= =
= 2268 J/Kg

2268
4.2
=

= 540 Kcal / kg
116.
c)
2
4.00 10 Kcal


Q
L
m
=
Q = Lm
80 5 =
= 400 K cal

2
4 10 . Kcal =
117. a) 4 Kg


Q
L
m
=
3
3
200 10
50 10
Q
m
L

= =

= 4 Kg.
118. d) both a and b


( )
2 1

= = =
P V V PdV PdV
Le
m mJ mJ

119. c) 499.73 Kcal / kg


L = Li + Le
Li = L Le
= 540 40.27
= 499.73 Kcal / kg
120. b) 499.73, 40.27


5 6
3
1.013 10 3340 10
2 10 42

= =

PdV
Le
mJ


2
1.013 1670
10
4200

=


2
0.4027 10 =
40.27 / Kcal Kg =
i e
L L L = +
i e
L L L =
540 40.27 =
= 499.73 Kcal / kg






121. c) 80.0024119 Kcal/kg


( )
3 3 3 3
1 1.1 10 0.1 10 dV m m

= =
e
PdV
L
mJ
=

( )
5 3
1.013 10 0.1 10
1 4200

5 4
1.013 10 10
4200

=

1.013 10
4200

=
0.0024119 / . Kcal Kg =

i e
L L L = +
i e
L L L =
( ) 80 0.0024119 =
= 80 + 0.0024119
= 80.0024119 Kcal/Kg.
122. a) 190.5 Kcal


External work done = dW=
mPdV
J


5
5 10 1.6
4200

=

= 190.5 Kcal
123.
b) 79.99 Kcal / kg ,
-3
2.64 10 cal/kg


( )
2 1
P V V
Le
J

=

2 1
1 1
P
Le
J
| |

|

\
=

( )
1 2
1 2

=

P
J

( )
5
10 1000 900
1000 900 4200

=


7
7
10
10 9 42
=


1
378
=

3
2.64 10 / Kcal kg

=
i e
L L L = +
i e
L L L =

3
80 2.64 10

=
79.99 / Kcal Kg =





Kinetic Theory Of Gases
54
124. b) 533.3 cal / gm


Heat produced by heater in 15 min =
amount of heat required to boil
100 H m =
Heat produced in 1 min =
100
15
m

Heat produced in 80 min =
8 100
15
m

Heat required to convert water boiling
into steam = heat produced in 80 min
80 100
15
m
mL

=


80 100
15
L

=

= 533.3 cal / gm