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Borkar, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN22498974

Research Paper

SOFTWARE FOR SINGLE-EFFECT EVAPORATOR


Leena M. Borkar

Address for Correspondence


Contributory Lecturer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT
In this project, Visual Basic software for Single-Effect Evaporator is developed. For evaporator, this program calculates concentrated liquid rate, vapor rate, steam used, heat required, heating surface area, and steam economy etc. The good feature of this software is the program which is written in VB 6.0, because of its powerful programming system for developing sophisticated and graphical application for Microsoft Windows Environment. Visual Basic program is made of many subprograms, each has its own program codes and each can be executed independently and at the same time each can be linked together in way or another. KEYWORD: Evaporator, Visual Basic, Heating Surface Area, Steam Economy.
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INTRODUCTION: Evaporation is an operation used to concentrate a solution containing non-volatile solute and a solvent. Difference between evaporation and crystallization is that in evaporation, vaporizing solvent is the main function while in crystallization crystalline product and crystal growth is main function. Evaporation is common in chemical process industries such as, food, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, organic and inorganic chemicals, polymers etc. Design of evaporator depends upon characteristics of solute and solvent. The solute can be heat sensitive, can have tendency to polymerize or agglomerate on heat transfer surface. Solvent can be viscous liquid or an emulsion which can break down. All these parameters have to be considered while selecting and designing an evaporator. The solution containing the desired product is fed into the evaporator and passes a heat source. The applied heat converts the water in the solution into vapor. The vapor is removed from the rest of the solution and is condensed while the now concentrated solution is either fed into a second evaporator or is removed. The evaporator as a machine generally consists of four sections. The heating section contains the heating medium, which can vary. Steam is fed into this section. The most common medium consists of parallel tubes but others have plates or coils. The concentrating and separating section removes the vapor being produced from the solution. The condenser condenses the separated vapor, then the vacuum or pump provides pressure to increase circulation.

By overall material balance; F=V+L By solute balance; Fxf = V 0 + Lxl Weight of water evaporated can be calculated by simultaneously solving above two equations. Energy required to bring the feed solution to boiling point (H1) = F Cp (Tb Tf)
Tf = Temperature of feed solution Tb = boiling point of solution Cp = Specific heat of solution (kJ/kg.K)

Total heat of evaporating = H1 + H2 Quality of steam required for evaporation; SS = H1 + H2 = Q


S = Steam required (kg/h) S = Latent heat of steam (kg/h) Steam economy of evaporator = (V / S)

U = Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K) A = Heat transfer area (m2) Ts = Steam temperature (0C) Tb = boiling point of solution (0C)

Rate of heat transfer; q = U A (Ts Tb)

Heat transfer area of the evaporator; A = q (U T), (m2)


Let, d0 = Outside diameter of tube, (m) l = Length of the tube, (m)

Fig.1: Evaporator CALCULATION FOR SINGLE-EFFECT EVAPORATOR: Let feed solution to evaporator = F kg/h Weight fraction of solids in feed solution = xf Weight fraction of solids in concentrated solution= xl Weight of water evaporated = V kg/h Weight of concentrated solution = L kg/h
IJAERS/Vol. II/ Issue III/April-June, 2013/130-131

Number of tubes required for the single except evaporator; n = A ( d0 l) SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION: This software is developed to calculate steam used, heating surface area and steam economy required for design of evaporator. This software also provides the basic theory details where the user can find relevant details needed to calculate steam used, heating surface area and steam economy. It also includes database file, which provides the facilities to the user for selecting the temperature, enthalpy and latent heat of different components. The user has to give the following input details. a. Feed rate, (kg/h) b. Weight fraction of feed and concentrated liquid c. Saturation Temperature of Steam, (0C) d. Enthalpy and latent heat at different temperature, (kJ/kg) e. Overall heat transfer coefficient, (W/m2.K)

Borkar, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN22498974

f. Boiling point of solution, (0C) After Execution, the program gives the following output data. a. Liquid rate, (kg/h) b. Vapor rate, (kg/h) c. Heat transfer, (W) d. Heating surface area, (m2) e. Steam used, (kg steam/h) f. Steam economy It also provides with the function Continue and Back option so that user can see the Next and Earlier window by clicking on Continue and Back button. Programming Screens with Description: a) Screen1:

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to avail this opportunity to express my gratitude towards to Director, LIT, Nagpur for the facilities and encouragement provided. Also we are thankful to our family. REFERENCES
1. S. D. Dawande, Process Equipment Design, Vol. 2, (2007) 166-180. 2. Christie John Geankoplis, Transport processes and Separation Process Principles, 4th Edition (2006) 527-558. 3. Visual Basic-6 Programming Black Book. 4. Mastering Visual Basic-6 Book. 5. B. C. Bhattacharya & C. M. Narayanan, Unit Operation and Unit Process. 6. Stanley M. Walas, Chemical Process Equipment and design. 7. Max S. Peters and Klaus D. Timmerhaus Plant Design and Equipment for Chemical Engineers. 8. R. C. Sachdeva, Fundamentals of Engineering Heat and Mass Transfer, 2nd Edition (2007) 555-564.

b) Screen2:

c)

Screen3:

d) Screen4:

IJAERS/Vol. II/ Issue III/April-June, 2013/130-131

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