Feed Composition for Cattle and Sheep

Fact Sheet No. 1.615 by T.L. Stanton and S. LeValley* Nutrition research spanning more than 100 years has dened the nutrients required by anim als. Using this information, rations can be formu lated from feeds and ingredients to meet these requirements. Ani mals fed these rations should not only remain healthy but be productive and efcient. The ultimate goal of feed analysis is to predict the productive response of animals when they are fed rations of a given com position. This is the real reason for information on feedstuff composition. Feeds can be chemically analyzed for many things that may or may not be related to the response of the animals to which they are fed. In the accompanying table, certain chemical con stituents are shown. The response of cattle and sheep when fed a feed, however, can be termed the biological response to the feed in question. This is a function of its chemical composition and the ability of the animal to derive useful nutrients from the feed. The latter relates to the digestibility or avail ability of a nutrient in the feed for absorption into the body and its ultimate efciency of use in the animal. This also depends on the nutrient status of the animal and the productive or physiological func tion being performed by the animal. Ground fence posts and shelled corn may have the same gross energy value in a bomb calorimeter, but have markedly different useful energy value (TDN, digestible energy, net energy) when consumed by the animal. That means that the biological attributes of a feed have much greater meaning in predicting the productive response of animals. However, they are more difcult to accurately determine because there is an interaction between the chemical composition of the feed and the digestive and meta bolic capabilities of the animal being fed. Livestock Series| Management

Quick Facts
Obtain and use actual feedstuff analysis whenever possible for ration formulation. If feedstuff compositional data is impossi ble to determine, tabulated data is the next best source of information. Since moisture content of feeds can vary greatly, it is important to express feedstuff composition on a dry matterbasis.

Table Values for Feedstuff Composition

Feedstuffs vary in composition. Unlike che micals that are chemically pure and therefore have a constant composition, feeds vary in their composition for many reasons. Actual analysis of a feed to be used in a ration is more accurate than tabular data. Obtain and use actual analysis whenever possible. Often, however, it is either impossible to determine actual compositional data, or there is insufcient time to obtain an analysis. Tabulated data are the next best source of information. When using tabulated data, remember that feeds vary in their composition. The organic constituents (e.g., crude protein, ether extract, crude ber, acid detergent ber and neutral detergent ber) can vary as much as 15 percent, the mineral constituents as much as 30 percent, and the energy values at least 10 percent, from tablevalues. Therefore, the values shown can only be guides. For this reason they are called typical values. They are not ave rages of published information. Some judgment was used in arriving at some of the values in the hope that the values will be realistic for use in cattle and sheep rations.
Former Colorado State University Extension feedlot specialist and professor, animal sciences. Reviewed by S. LeValley, Extension Sheep/Youth specialist and assistant professor, animal sciences department. 6/2010
*

Using Information Contained in the Table

Feed Names The most obvious or commonly used feed names are given in the table. Feeds designated as fresh are feeds that are grazed or fed as fresh cut materials.

Colorado State University Extension. 10/99. Revised 6/10. www.ext.colostate.edu

Dry Matter Typical dry matter (DM) values are shown. However, the moisture content of feeds can vary greatly. Thus DM content can be the biggest reason for variation in the composition of feed stuffs on an as fed basis. For this reason, the composition of chemical constituents and biolog ical attributes of feeds are shown on a DM basis. Because DM can vary greatly, and because one of the factors regulating total feed intake is the DM con tent of feeds, ration formulation on a DM basis is more sound than using as fed basis. To convert the values shown to an as fed basis, multiply the decimal equivalent of the DM content times the compositional value shown in the table. Protein Crude protein (CP) values are shown for each feed. Crude protein is determined by taking the Kjeldahl nitrogen times (100/16 or 6.25). (Proteins contain 16 percent nitro gen on average.) Crude protein does not give any information on the actual protein and non protein content of a feed. Digestible protein has been included in many feed composition tables, but because of the large contribution of body pro tein to the apparent protein in the feces, digestible protein is more misleading than CP. Cal culate digestible protein from the CP content of the ration fed to cattle or sheep by the following equation: % DP = 0.9 (% CP) - 3, where % DP and % CP are the ration values on a dry matter basis. Rumen by-pass protein, or undegraded intake protein (UIP), represents the percent of protein that passes through the rumen without being degraded by rumen microorganisms. Like other biological attributes, these values are not constant. By-pass values for many feeds have not been determined. Reason able estimates are difcult to make. Degradable intake protein (DIP) is used to meet the nitrogen requirements of rumen micro-organisms. Nitrogen sources such as urea are the most economical sources of DIP. Balancing DIP and UIP sources provides a more accurate way of meeting the metabolizable protein needs ofruminants.

Crude, Acid Detergent and Neutral Detergent Fibers After more than 100 years, crude ber (CF) is declining in popularity as a measure of low digestible material in feeds. The major problem with CF is that variable amounts of lignin, which is not digestible, are removed from various feeds in the CF procedure. In the old scheme, the material removed was called nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and was thought to be more digestible than CF, even though many feeds have been shown to have a higher digestibility for CF than NFE. One reason CF remained in the analytical scheme for feedstuff analysis was its requirement for the determination of TDN. Newer procedures have developed an alter nate analytical scheme, namely, acid detergent ber (ADF) and neutral detergent ber (NDF). ADF is highly related to digestibility in the animal. NDF is related to voluntary intake of the feed and the availability of net energy from digestible energy. Both measures relate more directly to predicted animal performance, so they are more valuable than CF. Also, if TDN is replaced by other measures of energy value, there will be little use of the CF content of feeds. As more com plete data on the ADF and NDF content of feeds are developed, CF will be dropped. Minerals Values are shown for only certain minerals. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are important minerals in most feeding situations. Potassium (K) becomes important as the level of concentrate increases in the ration, or when nonprotein nitrogen is substituted for intact protein. Sulfur (S) also becomes more important as the level of nonprotein nitrogen increases in the ration. Vitamins Vitamins have been omitted from the table. Only vitamin A is of general practical importance in cattle and sheep feeding. The vitamin A and carotene in feeds depend largely on maturity and conditions at harvest and the length and conditions of stor age. Therefore, it is probably unwise to rely entirely on harvested feeds as a source of vitamin A. Where roughages are being fed that con tain good green color or are

being fed as immature fresh forages (e.g., pasture), there will probably be sufcient vitamin A. Energy Four measures of the energy value of feeds are shown in the table. TDN is shown simply because there are more TDN values for feeds, and because this has become a standard system for expressing the energy value of feeds for cattle and sheep. There are several technical problems with TDN, however. There is a poor relationship between crude ber and NFE digestibility in certain feeds. TDN also overestimates the value of rough ages compared to concentrates in producing ani mals. Some have argued that energy is not mea sured in pounds or percent, so TDN is not a valid measure of energy. However, this is more a scien tic argument than a criticism of the predictive value of TDN. Digestible energy (DE) values also are shown. Many studies have shown there is a constant rela tionship between TDN and DE: There are 2 Mcals of DE per pound of TDN. Obviously, DE can be calculated by multiplying .02 times the percent TDN content. Because DE is measured in calories, it is technically preferred over TDN. With greater emphasis on ADF and NDF as replacements for CF and the use of the bomb calorimeter to measure DE directly, use of TDN should gradually decrease. It should be apparent, however, that the ability of TDN and DE to predict animal performance is exactly equal. Interest in the use of net energy (NE) in eval uating feeds for cattle and sheep was renewed with the development of the California net energy system. The main reason is the improved predictability of results depending on whether feed energy is being used for maintenance (NEm) or growth (NEg). The major problem in using these NE values is predicting feed intake and, therefore, the proportion of feed that will be used for maintenance and growth. Some use only the NEg values in formulating rations. This suffers the equal but opposite criticism mentioned for TDN NEg overestimates the feeding value of concentrates relative to roughages. Others use the average of the two NE values, but this would be true only for cattle or sheep eating twice their maintenance requirement.

The most accurate way to use these NE values to formulate rations is to use the NEm value plus a multiplier times the NEg value, all divided by one plus the multiplier. The multiplier is the level of feed intake above maintenance rela tive to maintenance. For example, if 700-pound cattle are expected to eat 18 pounds of feed, 8 pounds of which are required for main tenance,

then the NE value of the ration would be: NE = [NEg + (10/8) (NEg)] / [i + (10/8)] There is no question as to the theoretical superiority of NE over either DE or TDN in predicting animal performance. This su periority is lost, however, if only NEg is used in formulating rations. So if NE is used, some com bination of NEm and NEg isrequired.

Table 1. Typical composition of feeds for cattle and sheep. (All values except dry matter are shown on a dry matter basis.)
DM % 91 92 26 90 89 88 90 30 36 99 32 40 88 89 90 89 90 11 91 24 92 20 25 92 61 95 24 92 94 32 89 99 91 14 12 16 92 21 19 90 24 CP % 18 19 19 18 17 16 14 18 17 132 10 9 4 12 15 13 24 10 9 12 12 13 10 80 6 13 26 28 48 15 10 0 9 6 10 13 17 16 25 21 18 ByPass % 35 60 20 20 25 30 35 20 25 0 25 35 30 30 35 25 25 80 60 60 EE % 2.0 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 3.0 3.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 1.9 2.0 3.9 2.6 1.4 2.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.4 2.0 1.3 2.5 11.6 6.5 7.5 1.0 4.1 2.5 0.0 2.7 7.8 1.4 3.8 2.6 2.7 4.8 2.0 4.0 CF % 29 26 27 29 30 34 38 30 30 0 34 34 42 6 11 9 5 20 21 16 16 9 10 1 34 1 15 15 3 28 35 0 33 19 10 18 34 23 14 22 24 ADF % 34 35 32 35 38 41 45 35 35 0 57 7 34 34 27 27 0 22 22 33 41 0 36 23 9 23 37 32 33 NDF % 45 45 44 47 50 56 59 46 46 0 82 20 59 59 47 47 0 42 42 54 69 0 64 9 55 36 44 Ash % 11 11 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 10 10 7 3 5 4 6 5 5 9 9 25 38 5 4 77 5 4 7 10 9 99 8 9 9 15 14 10 11 9 9 Ca % 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.3 27.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 39.0 0.4 0.4 1.9 1.2 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.7 P % 0.23 0.25 0.32 0.25 0.23 0.20 0.19 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.15 0.05 0.42 0.45 0.40 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.24 0.22 0.26 0.14 12.74 0.60 0.60 1.56 0.39 0.23 0.04 0.25 0.34 0.19 1.00 0.28 0.42 0.32 0.26 K % 1.9 2.7 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.4 2.4 2.4 1.6 1.5 2.0 0.5 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 1.8 1.8 4.8 5.7 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.8 2.7 2.5 0.0 2.6 2.7 1.9 0.5 2.2 2.4 2.0 S % 0.35 0.24 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.25 0.30 0.30 24.20 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.06 0.15 0.26 0.22 0.22 0.36 0.36 0.45 0.57 0.43 0.05 2.50 0.32 0.32 0.41 0.20 0.16 0.09 0.14 0.17 1.78 0.20 0.22 0.17 Zn PPM 18 19 21 18 17 17 17 17 17 29 7 25 1 1 11 11 20 5 28 290 50 50 41 17 0 18 240 39 17 23 TDN % 57 61 60 60 58 53 50 54 58 0 50 60 49 83 75 81 84 68 72 76 76 58 52 61 50 16 81 81 79 64 55 0 53 62 83 73 38 68 69 61 64 DE Mcal/ lb. 1.14 1.22 1.20 1.20 1.16 1.06 1.00 1.08 1.16 0.00 1.00 1.20 0.98 1.66 1.50 1.62 1.68 1.36 1.44 1.52 1.52 1.16 1.04 1.22 1.00 0.32 1.62 1.62 1.58 1.28 1.10 0.00 1.06 1.24 1.66 1.46 0.76 1.36 1.38 1.22 1.28 NEm Mcal/ lb. 0.56 0.61 0.59 0.59 0.57 0.52 0.49 0.53 0.57 0.00 0.49 0.59 0.48 0.89 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.69 0.74 0.80 0.80 0.57 0.51 0.61 0.49 0.26 0.87 0.87 0.84 0.64 0.54 0.00 0.52 0.62 0.89 0.76 0.39 0.69 0.70 0.61 0.64 NEg Mcal/ lb. 0.25 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.26 0.18 0.12 0.20 0.26 0.00 0.12 0.30 0.11 0.60 0.50 0.58 0.61 0.41 0.47 0.52 0.52 0.26 0.16 0.31 0.12 0.00 0.58 0.58 0.55 0.36 0.21 0.00 0.18 0.33 0.60 0.48 0.00 0.41 0.43 0.31 0.36

Feedstuff Alfalfa cubes Alfalfa dehydrated 17% Alfalfa fresh Alfalfa hay early bloom Alfalfa hay midbloom Alfalfa hay full bloom Alfalfa hay mature Alfalfa silage Alfalfa silage wilted Ammonium sulfate Barley silage Barley silage mature Barley straw Barley grain Barley feed pearl byproduct Barley grain screenings Beans navy cull Beet pulp wet Beet pulp dried Beet pulp wet with molasses Beet pulp dried with molasses Beet tops (sugar) Beet top silage Blood meal Bluestem fresh mature Bone meal steamed Brewers grains wet Brewers dried grain Brewers yeast dried Brome grass fresh immature Brome grass hay Calcium carbonate Canarygrass hay Carrot pulp Carrot root fresh Carrot tops Cattle manure dried Cheatgrass fresh immature Clover ladino fresh Clover ladino hay Clover red fresh

Table 1. Continued.
DM % 88 88 91 80 80 26 36 89 92 87 90 90 90 91 99 98 96 90 91 92 7 93 99 94 23 90 92 91 26 90 37 30 89 98 91 92 94 89 27 77 76 94 65 61 98 97 87 34 90 89 CP % 15 13 9 9 6 8 8 10 12 9 3 10 26 45 0 115 0 30 30 29 29 30 0 91 16 14 10 12 12 12 15 15 22 0 39 8 55 11 14 9 5 10 9 1 74 0 9 11 4 13 ByPass % 45 45 25 40 50 50 50 65 0 60 65 50 65 50 20 40 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 -30 EE % 2.9 15.0 2.4 2.4 1.3 2.8 2.7 4.1 4.4 3.7 0.5 6.3 2.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 8.2 10.0 8.0 9.5 99.0 3.3 23.3 5.5 2.5 7.5 4.6 7.7 3.6 3.1 4.0 0.0 1.9 2.5 9.7 3.2 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 2.1 3.8 2.3 4.0 CF % 30 41 21 25 35 26 23 3 4 9 36 10 9 5 0 0 0 18 14 10 8 4 0 2 8 14 15 32 34 6 15 21 28 0 10 33 3 3 24 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 30 30 41 12 ADF % 41 68 29 40 31 28 3 10 39 9 0 0 0 16 18 7 0 20 50 50 38 12 0 18 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 46 17 NDF % 56 77 48 70 -50 10 28 88 51 41 37 0 0 0 41 44 23 0 20 59 53 66 50 v - 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 70 31 Ash % 8 2 6 7 7 6 7 2 2 2 2 3 7 4 95 35 94 4 2 5 4 8 0 4 11 9 10 9 9 3 35 20 7 98 6 9 29 2 16 11 10 14 9 8 24 94 9 10 8 4 Ca % 1.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 32.6 0.5 22.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.1 2.8 3.3 1.6 38.0 0.4 0.6 9.4 0.0 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.2 2.0 1.4 0.3 16.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 P % 0.22 0.08 0.24 0.18 0.09 0.24 0.20 0.30 0.24 0.24 0.04 0.17 0.75 0.50 18.07 20.41 18.65 0.27 0.45 0.85 0.65 1.40 0.00 0.78 0.45 0.43 0.18 0.06 0.22 0.58 0.64 0.37 0.60 0.02 1.00 0.17 4.74 0.32 0.57 0.03 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.06 24.70 21.10 0.22 0.25 0.10 0.40 K % 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.8 0.0 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.7 1.8 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.4 6.1 3.6 4.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 3.4 2.2 0.5 S % 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.18 0.35 0.08 0.20 0.60 2.16 1.10 0.46 0.32 0.40 1.80 0.04 0.22 0.47 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.46 0.46 0.23 0.05 1.42 0.30 0.32 0.22 0.22 Zn PPM 17 25 24 17 10 5 100 45 100 70 35 90 91 53 17 42 24 29 3 44 60 -85 17 18 30 30 137 81 70 39 35 6 30 TDN % 57 20 63 67 59 67 69 89 89 82 48 76 82 84 0 0 0 75 84 88 86 88 195 68 75 65 73 30 61 94 49 53 39 0 76 46 71 85 55 79 75 74 75 76 0 0 59 60 50 74 DE Mcal/ lb. 1.14 0.40 1.26 1.24 1.18 1.24 1.38 1.78 1.78 1.64 0.26 1.52 1.64 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.68 1.76 1.72 1.76 3.90 1.36 1.50 1.30 1.46 0.60 1.22 1.88 0.98 1.06 0.78 0.00 1.52 0.92 1.42 1.70 1.10 1.58 1.50 1.48 1.50 1.52 0.00 0.00 1.18 1.20 1.00 1.48 NEm Mcal/ lb. 0.56 0.35 0.63 0.68 0.58 0.68 0.70 0.98 0.98 0.88 0.47 0.80 0.88 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.91 0.97 0.94 0.97 2.38 0.69 0.78 0.65 0.76 0.37 0.61 1.05 0.48 0.52 0.40 0.00 0.80 0.45 0.73 0.92 0.54 0.84 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.59 0.49 0.77 NEg Mcal/ lb. 0.25 0.00 0.34 0.40 0.28 0.40 0.43 0.67 0.67 0.59 0.09 0.52 0.59 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.61 0.65 0.63 0.65 1.82 0.41 0.50 0.37 0.48 0.00 0.31 0.72 0.11 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.05 0.46 0.62 0.21 0.55 0.50 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.30 0.12 0.49

Feedstuff Clover red hay Coffee grounds Corn whole plant pelleted Corn fodder Corn stover mature Corn silage milk stage Corn silage mature well eared Corn grain dent yellow Corn grain hi-lysine Corn and cob meal Corn cobs Corn bran Corn gluten feed Corn gluten meal Defluorinated phosphate Diammonium phosphate Dicalcium phosphate Distillers grain barley Distillers grain corn Distillers grain corn with solubles Distillers silage corn Distillers dried solubles Fat animal poultry Feathermeal hydrolized Garbage municipal cooked Grain screenings Grain dust Grape pomace stemless Grass silage Hominy feed Hop leaves Hop vine silage Hops spent Limestone ground Linseed meal solvent Meadow hay Meat meal Milo grain Mint slug silage Molasses beet Molasses cane Molasses cane dried Molasses citrus Molasses wood (Hemicellulose) Monoammonium phosphate Mono-dicalcium phosphate Oat hay Oat silage Oat straw Oats grain

Table 1. Continued.
DM % 91 90 89 93 89 24 88 89 24 89 89 92 91 92 15 21 14 89 17 14 87 89 91 91 89 89 91 91 50 96 85 28 89 88 91 89 90 91 18 89 23 93 91 90 26 88 88 34 92 38 CP % 18 17 9 4 9 18 11 10 13 7 25 7 52 17 15 10 7 8 5 5 26 28 7 41 4 13 22 48 13 0 5 8 15 5 42 50 55 12 17 9 10 50 32 5 11 12 8 10 23 12 ByPass % 25 20 25 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 50 40 35 25 10 20 25 35 25 EE % 5.5 6.0 3.0 1.5 1.8 5.0 3.3 1.8 3.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 22.0 3.7 0.4 1.5 0.5 0.3 7.7 3.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.6 9.2 0.0 2.1 2.8 2.2 1.4 19.2 1.3 1.2 2.8 3.9 1.8 3.1 3.1 1.4 2.2 3.8 2.6 2.5 3.4 10.6 CF % 3 4 21 32 9 24 34 32 31 45 8 63 11 13 26 2 9 7 10 2 18 13 35 14 44 2 33 9 25 0 33 26 37 44 6 6 3 39 23 36 34 12 27 25 32 33 34 35 26 ADF % 44 29 40 49 65 -20 15 55 41 28 0 28 54 10 10 6 47 29 43 42 63 37 43 45 50 NDF % 78 50 70 59 74 14 28 35 71 59 36 0 39 70 14 10 65 55 68 65 40 64 68 70 55 Ash % 2 3 6 7 4 11 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 3 19 5 3 5 9 3 19 29 8 8 6 2 6 7 10 96 10 7 8 6 5 7 6 4 9 10 10 8 7 3 7 6 5 7 6 Ca % 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.3 -0.2 0.2 0.2 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 4.2 0.1 2.7 9.0 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 1.3 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 P % 0.47 0.46 0.24 0.15 0.11 0.40 0.28 0.21 0.24 0.11 0.43 0.07 0.65 0.29 0.24 0.26 0.13 0.18 0.19 1.80 2.44 0.13 1.14 0.10 0.38 0.73 1.83 0.25 25.98 0.11 0.15 0.32 0.06 0.63 0.75 0.71 0.17 0.31 0.30 0.25 0.80 0.96 0.11 0.28 0.25 0.20 0.29 0.59 K % 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.8 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.2 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.2 0.2 1.7 2.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.3 0.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.0 2.0 2.1 3.5 1.1 1.1 2.1 0.9 1.6 1.7 3.6 S % 0.22 0.25 0.24 0.15 0.22 0.26 0.17 0.29 0.20 0.26 0.30 0.37 0.09 0.11 1.26 0.18 0.06 0.28 0.11 0.17 0.28 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.09 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.40 0.42 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.33 0.30 0.21 0.21 0.13 0.15 Zn PPM 20 18 15 30 22 12 340 445 34 66 34 44 36 24 24 60 52 61 24 30 21 100 24 17 TDN % 93 94 33 37 82 65 59 60 57 50 82 22 77 0 59 80 82 85 80 77 64 54 50 70 44 81 55 76 50 0 54 58 52 42 92 84 87 71 70 57 55 65 57 40 64 59 57 59 64 DE Mcal/ lb. 1.86 1.88 0.66 0.74 1.64 1.30 1.18 1.20 1.14 1.00 1.64 0.44 1.54 0.00 1.18 1.60 1.64 1.70 1.60 1.54 1.28 1.08 1.00 1.40 0.88 1.62 1.10 1.52 1.00 0.00 1.08 1.16 1.04 0.84 1.84 1.68 1.74 1.42 1.40 1.14 1.10 1.30 1.14 0.80 1.28 1.18 1.14 1.18 1.28 NEm Mcal/ lb. 1.03 1.05 0.37 0.39 0.88 0.65 0.58 0.59 0.56 0.49 0.88 0.35 0.81 0.00 0.58 0.85 0.88 0.92 0.85 0.81 0.64 0.53 0.49 0.72 0.43 0.87 0.54 0.80 0.49 0.00 0.53 0.57 0.51 0.42 1.02 0.91 0.95 0.73 0.72 0.56 0.54 0.65 0.56 0.41 0.64 0.58 0.56 0.58 0.64 NEg Mcal/ lb. 0.71 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.37 0.28 0.30 0.25 0.12 0.59 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.28 0.56 0.59 0.62 0.56 0.53 0.36 0.20 0.12 0.44 0.01 0.58 0.21 0.52 0.12 0.00 0.20 0.26 0.16 0.00 0.70 0.61 0.64 0.46 0.44 0.25 0.21 0.37 0.25 0.00 0.36 0.28 0.25 0.28 0.36

Feedstuff Oats groats Oat meal feeding Oat mill byproduct Oat hulls Orange pulp dried Orchardgrass fresh immature Orchardgrass hay Pea vine hay Pea vine silage Pea straw Peas cull Peanut hulls Peanut meal solvent Peanut skins Potato vine silage Potatoes cull Potato waste wet Potato waste dried Potato waste wet with lime Potato waste filter cake Poultry litter dried Poultry manure dried Prairie hay Rapemeal solvent Rye straw Rye grain Safflower meal solubles Safflower meal dehulled solubles Sagebrush fresh NA tripolyphos Sorghum stover Sorghum silage Soybean hay Soybean straw Soybeans whole Soybean meal solvent 44% protein Soybean meal solvent 49% protein Soybean flake (hull) Sudangrass fresh immature Sudangrass hay Sudangrass silage Sunflower meal solvent Sunflower meal with hulls Sunflower hulls Timothy fresh pre-bloom Timothy hay early bloom Timothy hay full bloom Timothy silage Tomato pomace dried Triticale silage

Table 1. Continued.
DM % 90 99 21 28 88 89 89 89 89 88 90 89 37 50 92 96 CP % 16 288 28 10 4 13 14 12 18 18 17 20 11 10 11 16 ByPass % 25 0 25 50 20 20 0 EE % 4.6 0.0 4.0 3.2 1.5 2.1 2.0 2.0 4.8 3.9 4.7 5.4 1.6 1.6 2.4 0.9 CF % 4 0 18 28 42 3 3 3 11 3 9 7 26 33 33 0 ADF % 0 30 56 4 6 4 14 36 0 NDF % 0 52 85 13 14 47 37 0 Ash % 2 0 14 8 7 2 2 2 7 3 6 5 7 7 7 10 Ca % 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 O.3 1.0 P % 0.34 0.00 0.40 0.27 0.08 0.35 0.45 0.35 1.30 0.90 1.10 0.99 0.30 0.28 0.15 0.81 K % 0.4 0.0 3.3 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 2.0 1.5 S % 0.17 0.00 0.22 0.23 0.14 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.20 0.28 0.19 1.10 Zn PPM 0 25 7 17 16 16 105 72 -118 32 3 TDN % 86 0 69 60 44 89 89 89 70 90 75 80 60 55 54 82 DE Mcal/ lb. 1.72 0.00 1.38 1.20 0.88 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.40 1.80 1.50 1.60 1.20 1.10 1.08 1.64 NEm Mcal/ lb. 0.94 0.00 0.70 0.59 0.43 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.72 0.99 0.78 0.85 0.59 0.54 0.53 0.88 NEg Mcal/ lb. 0.63 0.00 0.43 0.30 0.01 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.44 0.68 0.50 0.56 0.30 0.21 0.20 0.59

Feedstuff Triticale Urea 46% N Wheat fresh pasture Wheat silage Wheat straw Wheat grain Wheat grain hard Wheat grain soft Wheat bran Wheat midds Wheat mill run Wheat shorts Wheatgrass crested fresh early bloom Wheatgrass crested fresh full bloom Wheatgrass crested hay Wheat dried

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