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While the history of gas s chromatography chromatography (G (GC) C) ) dates back to the rst experiments of Mikhail ail Ts Tsvet

Tsvet separating plant pigments using paper chromatog-raphy in 1903 to Schuftan tan & Eucken E cken introd intr introducing ducing cing vapor as the mobile phase in the 1930s, the evolu-1955 The lab bench was populated with analytical instruments that only skilled scientists could operate. PerkinElmer set out to make GC more accessible to researchers by introducing their rst gas chromatograph, the Model 154 Vapor Fractometer. This was the rst ever gas chromatograph to use an oven to adjust the column temperature, a ash vaporizer and a syringe injection.

EVOLUTION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY


tion ion of modern GC systems is a very competitive competitive race to resolution and usability. usability ty. Lets start with with the the rst instrumentsintroduced ntroduced more than 50 years years agothat somewhat resemble the GC GC systems used in labs today. toda today.

1976 Evolving their existing gas chromatograph with mass spectrophotometer (MS) detection capability, HP introduced the very rst benchtop GC/MS systemthe HP 5990.

BY JOHN BUIE

1979 Responding to the need for simplied chemical analysis and more compounds to be analyzed, HP developed fused silica capillary columns for gas chromatography.

1989 With the evolution of the GC system and new software, the demand for a broader range of application-focused detectors grew. GOW-MAC GOW MAC patented the Discharge Ionization De Detector (DID) and revolutionized the gas industry. This universal, non-radioactive detector capable of performing trace gas impurity analysis in the ppb range quickly became an industry standard.

1962 In Germany, PerkinElmers afliate was building the worlds rst modular gas chromatograph. The new PerkinElmer Model F-6 was a building block system that allowed one to choose from multiple detector combinations and isothermal or programmed temperature operation.

1969 Seeing a need in the research arena for a lower priced, easier-to-use gas chromatograph, GOW-MAC launched its own line, beginning with their Model 69-100.

1980 Hearing of HPs revolutionary u use of fused silica capillary columns, Dr. John Lipsky, L an innovator in GC technology, sought t suppliers s of the new exible tubing and formed ed Quadra, , which released the Black Knight, the rst massm produced GC column.

1989 Making the gas chromatograph easier to control required more advanced software with bett ter user interfaces. HP released another best selle er, the ChemStation software for both GC and HPLC C.

2004 With 17 associated patents behind the Varian 4000 GC/MS, a breakthrough in GC exibility now becomes available to researchers. The system allows users to choose from three separate ionization congurations to inc crease application-specic performance. The th hree congurations include Internal Ionization, External E Ionization and Hybrid Chemical Ionization, which allow users to select a suitable chemica al ionization (CI) reagent and separate specic reagent ion for reaction with sample molecules.

1995 Building on an already impressiv ve platform, HP released the 6890 series of f gas chromatographs, setting a new standard d for the he next generation of GC systems.

2007 After being spun off from its parent company, HP, newly named Agilent Tech hnologies, released the 7890A GC. This new mode el incorporates capillary ow technology. r

195 959 GOW-MAC, whose roots date back 95 to deve veloping velo thermal conductivity detectors vel (TCDs) in n1 1935 to measure the carbon dioxide content of exh exha xhaust gas for customers such as the U.S. Navy du dur during World War II, developed a revolutionary new ew w technique t named gas chromatography.

19 967 The Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chem emistry and Applied Spectroscopy (Pittcon) em to this is s day d remains the most important industry trade sho how ho in the scientic industry, and over 30 years ago o th t that held true as well. There was no better forum m for PerkinElmer to release its rst agship gas ch chr hromatograph, the Model 900, which continued dt to dominate the GC market for the next decade f de. d e The Model 900 introduced several improvement se nts nts, including the ability to use tw wo columns and multi ltip ltiple detectors, setting a new w bar in exibility and nd s sophistication.

1973 Hewlett-Packard (HP), introduced its r rst gas chromatograph, the HP 5830, which was also the rst microprocessor-controlled wa ana na alytical instrument ever made.

1981 Shimadzu launched ed the GC-8A A, which changed GC system design b c by offering g a smaller, r, compact size and a solid, die-cast c d fram me.

1996 With the new 6890 plat atform iin the eld e for a year, the next generatio tion of f GC/MS G co ongurations o on n was not far behin nd. HP P introduced the 5973 the 5 GC/MSD.

19 976 6 The XII Olympic Winter Games in Innss bruck uck ck, Au Aust Austria stria proved ved to be the test testing ground ound for f the new ewes ewes est t gas chromatograph in the PerkinElmer line ne, e, one e, on that at an affordable price could cou rapidly perf rfo fo form orm o rm drug dr screen screening for routine testing test of athletes. The Th he e Model M 3920 delivered, maki king it one of their m mos o ost st suc s cessful instruments.

1984 To this day, 1 y, the all time e best-sell elling GC C iis s the HP 5890, rele leased 25 ye ears ago. Its stilll on o ne of the most ac n active instrume ments in equipmen eq ent ma m a arketplacesju just search H HP 5890 0 on ww ww ww.LabX.com m

2002 2 0 With ease of use se still ill being a drawba ack to G GC sys yst ys stems, PerkinElm mer re revamped its user int nterf erf rfa face a and introduced d the e rst touch-screen n displa lay ay y base b se ed graphical al use ser interface to its Clarus C s 500 ga gas as sc chro ro omatogra raph h and GC/MS lines.

1961 Re Researchers were ndin ndin ding ng new applications for temperat mperat perature-programmable peratu ble le inst n ruments. In response, PerkinElm nElmer nElme Elmer developed the he Mod M el 222, which attached to the he 15 1 154 Vapor Fra Frac Fract actome o ter via its detector. The Model 222 is i the rst rst st g gas ga chromatograph with a resistance-heated ated ted p pa packed ed d column, which removed the delta between n set and actual column temperatures.

19 98 9 86 T 86 The new gene eration of o GC sy system har rdw wa w ware a e made new ap applicatio ons, wh hich were per rf for f rm rm med at high tem me mperatur ures, ava vailable to rese e ear rch rc che ch hers. he This is w when Quadrex Qu x introduced th the rst t alu au um min m inu in num-cove ered silic ica colum umns to tolera ate thes es se hig igh gh h tem te emper ratures. .

2004 4T The e r rs rs rst st X X-ray diagnostic system m equipped with with wit had diir iirect conversion at pan nel detector (FPD) D) ) is is la la aunched u by Shimadzu u with h the re elease of the eG GC-20 20 014. 0 01 14 14. 4.

Th T he Future of Gas Chromatographs - Masan he nao Furukawa Fu ur ru of Shimadzus MS/GC busiiness unit u made ma ad a d these comments regarding the futu ure of the eg gas chromatograph: By using he eartt-cut techn no ology to view compounds in eve en m more detail, ill, l, a secondary column with diffe ere ent charac ac ct te eristics is used to conduct a more or detaile ed a analysis, and this type of me et ethod is referred rred ed d to as multidimensional GC C. He C also add ded d, It can be expected that t GCs willl become mor ore re like sensor technolog gy as high her speeds are ar r ac ach chieved. GC manufac cturers are cond dent tt that h gas chromatogr grap phy willl continue to play ay y an ever more im mpor rtant ro role in labs as th he equ qu uipment continu ues to o evolv lve to meet the e dema an ands of more c challen nging g applications, s, as we ell el as increasi sing ef cien ncy in daily analysi siis s.

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Lab Manager

February/March 2010

labmanager.com

February/March 2010

Lab Manager

51

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