Piracy the curse of maritime transport

Seminar on piracy and armed robbery at sea

organised by the European Commission (DG MOVE) in cooperation with the Danish Presidency of the Council of the EU

28 & 29 March 2012 Brussels, Centre de Confrence Albert Borschette

Overview of piracy and armed robbery at sea

P. Mukundan, Director ICC International Maritime Bureau pmukundan@icc-ccs.org

Introduction
Role of the IMB Piracy Reporting Centre
Worldwide numbers, hotspots, types of attacks Focus on W. Africa & Somalia Response
from governments and navies

from vessels: BMP, armed teams?

Incident on Ship Anywhere in world

24hr manned IMB Piracy Reporting Centre

Immediate Broadcast to all MRCC, Coast Guards & Naval Units in the area for assistance Broadcast to all ships in the Ocean region & to CSO etc. share info with NATO, EU, ONI, INTERPOL Incident reports sent to IMO, papers submitted at (IMO) MSC. ICC-IMB website / twitter Compilation of reports etc to increases awareness of high risk areas and risk associated with those areas

Where does it take place

2012 Total Attacks Reported 94 10 hijackings, 157 hostages, 2 killed

Total number of attacks since 2003

500 450 400
350 329 276

445 410

445

439

300 250 200 150

100

293 236 263

94

50 0

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Total number of ships hijacked

Faces of Piracy

2012 Indo/Malay/Sing Sts/S. China Seas

17 incidents 15 boarded

2012 Nigeria & Gulf of Guinea

83nm

110nm

16 attacks, 2 hijackings Violent / two deaths Under reporting / all types of vessels attacked Distance from land / probable use of fishing boats

 13.02.2012: 0250 UTC: Around 110nm south of Lagos, Nigeria.

Eight armed pirates boarded a drifting bulk carrier. Ch. Cook taken hostage to Masters cabin. Pirates fired 20 shots to force open master's cabin door.

Pirates shot and killed Master and stole from ships safe.
Tried to enter the Ch. Engs cabin.

Ch. Eng escaped via port hole, fell, injured and later died.
IMB PRC broadcast received by French warship. Boarding team. The warship escorted vsl to Lagos port. Crew provided medical treatment.

2011 Spill over into Benin

Benin 20 attacks 8 hijacked 10 boarded All product tankers Main aim to steal cargo

 09.02.2012: 1402 UTC: Around 83nm South of Cotonou, Benin.

Pirates boarded and hijacked a drifting product tanker. Vsl sailed to an unknown location. Flag state contacted IMB PRC and gave vsl posn by polling IMB PRC contacted & liaised with Nigerian authorities A Nigerian navy rescue team dispatched and intercepted vsl

All crew and vsl rescued.

2011 Time of Attack in UTC

22-00 00-02 12 11 10 8 20-22 6 6 4 1 18-20 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 04-06 02-04

0
0 1 0 06-08

16-18

08-10

14-16 12-14

10-12

SOMALIA

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011 Sea Area affected by Somali piracy

237 attacks, 28 hijacked, 470 hostages 49 Kidnapped 15 Killed

2012 Sea area affected by Somali piracy

40 attacks, 8 hijacked, 92 hostages 49 crew ashore

2011 Somali incident Southern Red Sea

11-Aug-2011: Furthest northerly attack. Vsl boarded not hijacked

Restricted waters Fishermen are armed Other criminal activity Territorial waters

36 attacks, 3 boarded Multiple skiff attacks Skiffs hide off islands and among fishing vessels

Traditional M/S

M/S in early 2011

Motherships supporting pirate operations early 2012

2011 Time of Attack in UTC

00-02 35 22-00 30 25 20-22 20 15 04-06 02-04

22 31 3 3 33
06-08

9
18-20

410
5 0

10 27 23
14-16

16-18

08-10

34 29
12-14 10-12

Damage to ship

The response The vital role of the navies

Response International Navies

RoE determine naval actions

Samho Jewelry hijacked used as M/S South Korean navy stormed vessel Vessel retaken crew safe Eight pirates killed, five arrested

And many other naval actions. EU, US, China, Malaysia, South Korea, etc

Take the Prize Away

2011 Indian navy robust action against pirates 12/03/11 FV Vega 5 rescued 63 pirates caught In Jan and Feb similar robust action on Thai FV Prantalaya 11 & 14

Naval effectiveness - Somali attacks up to 31/Mar/11

11/01 - 67 E 05/02 - 71 E

28/01 73 E 11/03 - 66 E

23/03 - 66 E
01/02 - 69 E

68 E

Naval effectiveness - Somali incidents Apr 11 Feb12

14 May 68E

18 June 76E

68 E

Is the response at sea working???

2012 Incidents Hijacking Success Ratio Hostage 40 8 20% (1:5) 115 2011 237 28 2010 219 49 2009 217 47 2008 111 42 2007 31 12 2006 10 5 50% (1:2) 87

11.8% 22.4% 21.6% 37.8% 38.7% (1:8.5) (1:4.5) (1:4.6) (1:2.6) (1:2.5) 470 1016 867 815 177

Increase in numbers, range and pirate techniques Higher ransoms Vessels kept for longer Increase in violence against crew, in some cases Is the response working? In 2011, more attacks, but lesser hijackings Better naval response? BMP? Increased use of private armed teams on board? A sustained robust naval approach casualties?

Building on the current situation

Continue with the measures at sea ECOP : $ 6.6 6.9 billion p.a. 99.5% recurring cost Refocus on efforts ashore The coastal belt in Central Somalia The critical role of the Somali diaspora The financial industry in Somalia

To conclude.
Value of an independent reporting centre which lasts beyond todays hotspots sharing of all information.

The navies are vital private armed security is not a substitute need to maintain, increase naval assets
Lobby for redevelopment of Central Somalia Tracing the ransoms paid AML

PIRACY REPORTING CENTRE CONTACT DETAILS

Tel: + 603 2031 0014 // +603 2078 5763 Fax: + 603 2078 5769 Email: piracy@icc-ccs.org Email: imbkl@icc-ccs.org Telex: MA 34199 www.icc-ccs.org Twitter: www.twitter.com/IMB_Piracy