POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY SALESIANA

ENGINEERING FACULTY Institutions that perform the regulation of names and numbers in the Internet
NAME:

Lucio Xavier Salazar Loachamn

Quito Ecuador 13-November-2013

Institutions that perform the regulation of names and numbers in the Internet
Introduction:
Since the Internet originated in the sixties, this and its various applications have increased in a way that few people had believed, the use of addresses, web pages, are almost incalculable, and for this, the allocation of numbers and names, there are several entities which are responsible for regulating these names and numbers.

Domain Names:
The domain names are the easy to remember addresses of Internet and are usually used to identify websites such as www.google.com, www.youtube.com; these websites belong to organizations, companies or individuals who can provide information services, offer products or services, advertising, among others. The so-called IP address which consists of four bytes between 0 and 255 is a direction that every internet user has, and in order to be remembered easily, this IP address is assigned an alphabetical address. So when several internet users want to integrate or interact between countries, organizations or businesses, you must create the DNS (Domain Name System) which is used to assign names that cannot be repeated to the other computers that are connected to the network. Within the domain names will be two classes, which are the gTLDs and ccTLDs

gTLDs gTLD mean Generic Top Level Domains, these domain names correspond to the
type of site depending on the content you staying there or the activity that the page performed, some examples: . com .net .org .coop .info, etc. Among these domain names, there are some that are restricted, for example: .gob for state institutions or government. .edu for educational institutions, .int for international institutions, among others.

ccTLDs ccTLD which means Country Code Top Level Domains, these domain names
correspond to the codes used for each country as:. ec for Ecuador,. ar for Argentina,. gt Guatemala, etc.. To adjust these domain names and internet numbers there are several entities in charge of regulation among which we can mention the following:

IANA:

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority is a private, nonprofit organization that oversees IP address allocation, autonomous systems, and management of Domain Name System (DNS) and other resources related to Internet protocols, currently IANA is an ICANN department. Among some responsibilities of IANA is the delegation of top-level domains, monitoring root name, and oversees the operation of the DNS. Another regulator of Internet names and numbers is the ICANN

ICANN:
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a nonprofit organization that is responsible of designate IP addresses, protocol identifiers, coordinates the administration of technical elements of the DNS, so that users can easily find different directions without be repeated. ICANN is formally organized as a public utility corporation and is managed as follows: Managed by a Board of Directors, which is comprised of: six representatives of the subgroups dealing with specific sections of ICANN policies under competition, eight independent representatives of general public, selected through a Nominations Committee representing all constituencies of ICANN, and the President and Executive Director, appointed by the rest of the Board. Another entity in charge of Internet names and numbers is:

LATINOAMERICANN:
latinoamericann which is the domain name registration in Latin America, is an organization that disseminates information and dialogue on issues of domain names, IP numbers, throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Latinoamericann's mission is to place all information in Spanish, Portuguese and French in access for all considering that all information should be in the languages of the region to understand the phenomena of the internet.

LACTLD:
Is the regional organization for domain names in Latin America and the Caribbean, but based on ccTLD (country code top level domain), like other organizations, LACTLD also is a private, nonprofit, was settle before the existence of ICANN, when communications between ccTLDs still not well formalized. This organization is responsible for, a voluntary grouping of the domino records of every country in Latin America and the Caribbean, in order to coordinate policies, together, and developing strategies of level domain names of these regions, and promote the exchange of experiences among its members in matters relating to the proper use and allocation of ccTLDs and thereby establish partnerships with organizations in other parts of the world.

INTERNIC
Internet Network Information Center, was in his time the main body responsible for domain names and IP addresses, to September 18, 1998 when these oppressions were taken by ICANN

LACNIC
LACNIC was established in 2001, its offices are in Montevideo Uruguay and technological complex is provided by the Internet management committee Brazil Sao Paulo Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Network Information Centre, is the regional registry of Internet addresses that manage IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, autonomous system numbers, DNS, among other network resources but in this region.

REGIONAL NIC
Regional NICs like all organizations governing Internet names and numbers, is a public or private organization, non-profit, which is designated by the IANA or ICANN, among its functions is the administration of the regional domain names a ccTLD. Since they are public services and therefore property of humanity, the regional NICs are usually administered by any agency, department, institution or any other branch of the government of each country. CONCLUSIONS Internet names are domain names, which in other words is the easy to remember address for a user who enters the web, and internet numbers are IP addresses that each user or in many cases these domain names have There are several bodies responsible for the regulation of Internet names and numbers, the main ICANN, which is responsible for the assignment of names (DNS), and the numbers (IP), the other institutions, are part of ICANN. Currently there are several problems with the assignment of domain names, because there are difficulties to determine who the original owner of a name is, up to consider freedom of expression

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
http://www.wipo.int/amc/es/center/faq/domains.html http://www.linguee.es/espanol-ingles/traduccion/corporaci%F3n+de+internet http://www.icann.org/es/about/governance/bylaws http://maicoleslomejor.wordpress.com/tag/cuales-son-los-organismos-que-regulan-el-internet/ http://www.monografias.com/trabajos81/nombres-dominio-internet/nombres-dominiointernet2.shtml http://blog.icann.org/2012/03/conozca-el-lactld-coordinando-el-desarrollo-de-internet-enlatinoamerica-y-el-caribe/