AnnotatedBibliography PrimarySources Books RuffO'Herne,Jan.50YearsofSilence.Sydney,Australia:RandomHouseAustralia,2008. ThisisabookwrittenbyawomanwhowasabductedbytheJapaneseImperialArmyandforced intosexualslavery.Inthebookshedescribesnotonlyherexperiencesinthecampbutalsothe experiencesofnineotherwomenthathadbeenabductedjustasshehadbeen.Iusedthissource asawaytolearnaboutwhatthecomfortwomenexperienced,aswellastoshowthebrutalitythat theyfaced. Henson,Rosa.ComfortWoman:AFilipina'sStoryofProstitutionandSlaveryUnderthe JapaneseMilitary.N.p.:Rowman&LittlefieldPublishers,1999. Thisbookwaswrittenbyanexcomfortwoman.Itnotonlytellsthereaderabouthertimeasa sexualslave,butitdetailsherearlylifeaswellandhowsheendedupinacomfortstation.The bookalsoincludesmanydrawingsbytheauthor.Iusedthissourcetolearnabouthowthe comfortstationsaffectedwomen.

Documents ColumbiaUniversity."OralHistoriesofthe"ComfortWomen"."AccessedNovember4,2013. Thissource,aDBQ,containsanumberofbriefaccountsofactualcomfortwomen.Thesource helpsthereaderunderstandwhatwentoninthestationswherethecomfortwomenserved.I usedthissourcetolearnmoreabouttheproblemscomfortwomenfaced. Kono,Yohei."StatementbytheChiefCabinetSecretaryYoheiKonoontheresultofthestudyonthe issueof"comfortwomen"."MinistryofForeignAffairsofJapan.AccessedNovember4,2013.

http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/women/fund/state9308.html. ThissourceisastatementmadebyChiefCabinetSecretaryYoheiKono.Hemadethestatement in1993.ArecentstudyaboutcomfortwomenhadcomeupandYoheiKono,anofficialofthe Japanesegovernment,feltinclinedtosaysomethingaboutit.Inhisstatementheacknowledges thattherewasagreatnumberofcomfortwomen,andthattheJapanesemilitarywasinvolvedin thecomfortstationsandthedirectionofcomfortwomen.IusedthistoshowthattheJapanese governmentdidinfactknowwhatwasgoingon,andthattheyadmittedthattheJapanesearmy wasinvolvedinthetraffickingofcomfortwomen. RuffO'Herne,Jan."StatementofJanRuffOHerneAOFriendsofComfortWomeninAustralia." AccessedDecember10,2013. http://archives.republicans.foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/ohe021507.htm. Thissourceisanaccountbyanexcomfortwomen.Shewasspeakingtoacongressionalhearing inAustraliaaboutcomfortwomen.Iusedthissourcetoshowthatsomecomfortwomenrefused toacceptmoneyfromtheAWF. Videos AustraliancomfortwomanJanRuffO'Herne,YouTubevideo,27:02,postedbysmokingman83, March12,2012,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mard9WrYn2I. ThissourceisaninterviewofexcomfortwomenJanRuffOHerne.Itwasoriginally broadcastedinAustraliaof2001,andonlyinthepastyearhadbeenuploadedontheinternetin videoform.IusedapartofRuffOHernesinterviewtoshowthedifferenttypeofrecruitment methodsusedbytheJapanese. "AustralianComfortWomensurvivorJanRuffO'Herne,"YouTubevideo,2:04,postedby 2

"FriendsofCWinAus",August19,2008,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lyQ2Sn4BhM. ThisvideoshowsexcomfortwomenJanRuffOHernespeakingoutabouthertimeasan excomfortwomen.Iusedtotoshowthattheexcomfortwomenarestillhauntedbywhathas happenedtothem SpecialSeries:ComfortWomenPart1.China,YouTubevideo,3:15,posedbyARIRANG NEWS,July14,2013,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbHNzrrAzhc. ThisvideoisfromanonlinenewsstationthatiscenteredinKorea.InthevideoaChinese excomfortwomenisinterviews,andtellsabouthertimeundermilitarysexualslavery.Iusedthis togiveafirsthandaccountofwhatlifewaslikeforcomfortwomeninChina. SecondarySources Books Tanaka,Yuki.Japan'sComfortWomen.London:Routledge,2001. Thisbookwasnotaprimarysource,however,itwasoneofmymostvitalresources.Thisbook notonlycontainedimportantinformationpertainingtocomfortwomen,butitanalyzedthereasons behindtheentirecomfortsystem.Italsowentintothesocialandracialissuesofcomfortwomen aswell.Thebookcontainedanumberofrarephotographsaswell.Iusedthisbooktoget reliablepicturesandtogetinformationonthelegalaspectofthecasesofcomfortwomen. Documents AsianWomen'sFund."NumberofComfortStationsandComfortWomen."AccessedNovember4, 2013.http://www.awf.or.jp/e1/facts07.html. Thisonlinearticleprovidesnumerousstatisticsdealingwiththeamountofcomfortwomenandthe numberofcomfortstations.Iusedthistoshowthatthetraffickingofcomfortwomenwasa

widespreadcrime,itwassolargethatthereisnowaythattheJapanesegovernmentwouldnt haveknownwhatexactlywasgoingon. BBCNews."Abequestionssexslave'coercion'."AccessedDecember14,2013. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asiapacific/6411471.stm ThisBBCNewsarticletalksaboutShinzoAbescontroversialstatementsagainstcomfort women.Iusedthissourcetoshowthateventodaysomemembersofthegovernmentcontinueto tryanddenyJapanofasmuchblameastheypossiblycan. Chang,Mina."ThePoliticsofanApology:JapanandResolvingthe"ComfortWomen"Issue." HarvardInternationalReview31,no.3(2009):3437.ProQuest.AccessedNovember4, 2013. ThisjournaldiscussesJapansabilitytotakeresponsibilityforwhathadhappenedinWWII.The authordiscussesJapansattitudetowardcomfortwomen.ThearticlealsolooksatJapans apologytocomfortwomenaswellascompensationpaidtoformercomfortwomenandtheir families.IusedthissourcetoshowhoweventodaysomeJapaneseofficialsarereluctantto apologizefortheiractions/saythatJapandidsomethingwrong. Fackler,Martin."JapanHintsItMayReviseanApologyonSexSlaves."NewYorkTimes,December 27,2012.AccessedNovember4,2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/world/asia/japanmightreviseapologyonwartimesexslav es.html?_r=1&. ThisNewYorkTimesarticlereportsthatatopofficialinJapansgovernmentmighthavehinted thatJapanmayreviseanoldapologytocomfortwomen,andwhateffectthatmighthaveon formercomfortwomen.IusedthissourcetoshowthateventodaysomeJapaneseofficialsareso

setintheirbeliefsthattheywouldeventhinkaboutrevisinga20yearoldapology,allinthename ofnationalism. Hofilena,John."OsakasToruHashimotosayscomfortwomenwerenecessarypartofwar."The JapanDailyPress.AccessedDecember14,2013. http://japandailypress.com/osakastoruhashimotosayscomfortwomenwerenecessarypartof war1328758/ Thissourceisanewsarticleaboutacontroversialstatementmadebythemayorofatowncalled Osaka.Heclaimedthatcomfortwomenwereanecessarypartofthewar.Iusedthisinmy projecttoshowthateventodaytherearestillpeopleholdingpowerfulpositionsinthegovernment thatseecomfortwomeninanegativelightorbelievethattheywerenecessary. Kiser,Toni."ComfortWomen."TheNationalWWIIMuseum.AccessedNovember4,2013. http://www.nww2m.com/2012/01/comfortwomen/. Thiswebsitearticleprovidesabroadoverviewoftheissueofthetreatmentofcomfortwomen.It alsodiscusseswhathappenedtosomecomfortwomenaftertheywerefinallyfreeoftheJapanese ImperialArmy.Iusedthissourcetogainbasicinformation,andiusedthissourceinmywebsite tosetupthereaderwithbasicinformationonthecomfortwomenissueaswell. Koh,Jinyang."ComfortWomen:HumanRightsofWomenfromThentoPresent."GeorgiaLaw. AccessedNovember4,2013. Thispaperdiscussestherights,orlackof,heldbycomfortwomenduringtheirtimeassexual slaves.ItalsotalksabouttheinvolvementoftheJapanesegovernment.Iusedthissourceas evidencethattheJapanesegovernmentinfringeontherightsofthesewomen. Soh,Chunghee."Humanrightsandthe"comfortwomen"."PeaceReview12,no.1(2000):12329.

ProQuest.AccessedNovember4,2013. Thisjournaltalksaboutbasichumanrightsandhowthoserightsrelatetocomfortwomen.The sourceprovidesanindepthexplanationoftherightsofcomfortwomenandhowthosewere violatednotonlybytheJapaneseImperialArmybutbyJapansgovernmentaswell.Iusedthis sourceasanargumentthattheJapanesegovernmentviolatedtherightsofthecomfortwomen. Soh,Sarah."Japan'sResponsibilityTowardsComfortWomenSurvivors."SarahSoh.Accessed November4,2013.http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp77.html. ThispaperdiscusseshowJapanshouldstillbeheldresponsiblefortheiractionstowardcomfort women.InthepaperSarahSohdiscussesseveraldifferentwomen'smovementsdesignedtohelp thesurvivingcomfortwomen.ThepaperalsotalksabouttheattitudesthatsomeJapanese officials,andevencitizens,displaytowardstheissueofcomfortwomenasawholeaswellasthe individualcomfortwomen.Iusedthispaperasareferencetohowtheissueofcomfortwomenis addressedinJapanyearsafterWWII. Pictures http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P02652.001 ExcomfortwomenJanRuffOHerne. http://bagofdirt.tumblr.com/post/61384797253/chinesecomfortwomenarephotographedwith ApictureofChinesecomfortwomen. https://d13uygpm1enfng.cloudfront.net/articleimgs/en/2012/12/12/AJ201212120038/AJ20121212003
9M.jpg

ApictureofYoheiKono,thepoliticianwhodeliveredtheKonoStatement. http://d202m5krfqbpi5.cloudfront.net/books/1347565496l/136142.jpg

RosaHensonsbookcover.comfortwomen. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2013/05/15/opinion/5152013japan/5152013japanblog480.jpg OsakagovernorToruHashimoto. http://www.hancinema.net/korean_Song_Sindopicture_80426.html?sort=Most_Popular_Pictures SongSindo,anexcomfortwoman. http://japanfocus.org/data/comfortstn.shangha.jpg Acomfortstation. http://www.japanfocus.org/data/Japenese%20Soldiers%20flocking%20to%20a%20'comfort%20stati on'%20set%20up%20in%20Nanking,%20On%20New%20Year's%20Day,%201938.jpg Soldierslinedupinfrontofacomfortstation. http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/koizumidaijin/050921/images/06nakayama.jpg JapanesecabinetmemberNakayamaNariaki. http://politicsoftrauma.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/ussoldierscstationjapanpostwar.jpg Alliedforcesinfrontofacomfortstation. http://sathiyam.tv/english/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/ShinzoAbe1621x414.jpg FormerJapanPrimeMinister,ShinzoAbe.Hehasmadecontroversialstatementsagainstcomfort women,andclaimsthatthereisnoevidencetosupportthattheexcomfortwomenhadbeen forcedtoworkincomfortstations. http://static.rappler.com/images/comfortwomenrallymendiolaepa20130727001.jpg Acrowdofprotestersareshown.Theyareprotestingagainstthestatementsmadebyformer PrimeMinisterofJapan,ShinzoAbe. http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=23gy3yb&s=5

ThispictureisfromthebookJapansComfortWomen.Itshowsagroupofcomfortwomenwho hadbeenrescuedbyAustralianforces. http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=28bse2o&s=5 Anexcomfortwomen,happytobefreedfromsexualslavery. http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=2a8rlnk&s=5 ThispictureisofayoungcomfortwomanwhowasstabbedinthebackbyaJapanesesoldier becausesheresistedtobeingraped. http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=2h3oaqv&s=5 ThispictureisfromthebookJapansComfortWomenbyYukiTanaka.Itisofacomfort womenandadrunksoldier. http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=awwaxd&s=5 ThispictureshowsJapanesesoldierswaitingtogetintoacomfortstation. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/RosaHensonPCIJ.jpg RosaHenson,anexcomfortwoman. http://www.wunrn.com/news/2007/09_07/09_24_07/100207_comfort_files/image003.jpg Comfortwomen.