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P D Nimal
6/26/2012
Prepared by P D Nimal
Objectives
This discussion consists of:
Introduction to PM Investor Behavior and Investor Objective Nature of Risk and Return Portfolio Risk and Portfolio Return Efficient Frontier Capital Market Line (CML) Components of Risk Characteristic Line (CL) Security Market Line (SML) Lessons for Investors
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Available Instruments Treasury Bills & Bonds Deposits Corporate Bonds Stocks Security Markets Money and Capital Primary & secondary Institutions Regulators Financial Intermediaries Colombo Stock Exchange Brokering Firms
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Investments
Financial Assets
Direct investing
Indirect investing
Ex. mutual fund
Derivative ins.
Equity ins. 4
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Do you satisfy with a certain amount of return? Nonsatiation If the Stock Market Return is same as T-Bills, do you like to Invest in Stocks? Risk Aversion
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Measure of Return
Average Return
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Portfolio Investment
Is it better to invest in one or two selected stocks or in a portfolio of assets? Portfolio is better Why? Diversification advantage What is Diversification Advantage?
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10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
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Efficient Frontier
When we draw the efficient frontier of all the stocks in the market, it looks like bellow.
Mean
Mean-Variance EF
EF is From the lowest risk to upwards, because it gives gives The Highest Return at a given level of STD and The lowest STD at a given level of Return
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VAR
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Summary-CSE
Stock/Port ReBINN(A) ReBFL(B) ReHNB(C) ReASPI ReMPI ReEWP(AB) ReEWP(ABC) 5.70 9.91 0.47 2.09 1.05 7.81 5.36
Average
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Risk and Return High return can be made only with High Risk
Bear Bull
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Total 12/09 02/12 0.66 5.70 9.91 0.47 2.09 1.05 7.81 5.36
BullM 12/09 02/11 0.67 7.13 24.85 6.71 6.38 4.81 15.99 12.90
BearM 03/11 02/12 0.64 4.03 7.52 6.81 2.91 3.35 1.74 3.43
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Z M
.
M
What would happen to the risk of a portfolio as more randomly selected stocks were added? p would decrease because the unsystematic risk is diversified
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20%
Market risk is that part of a securitys risk that cannot be eliminated by diversification. Firm-specific, or diversifiable, risk is that part of a securitys risk that can be eliminated by diversification. As more stocks are added, each new stock has a smaller risk-reducing impact on the portfolio. p falls very slowly after about 40 stocks are included. The lower limit for p is M
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Component of Risk
Total Risk = Systematic Risk + Unsystematic Risk
When you add more and more stocks to the portfolio, the unsystematic risk gets reduced and The risk that you bear is the Systematic Risk (SR) of individual stocks What is the measure of SR of return of a stock It is the beta of the stock.
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The relevant measure of risk of a stock in a well diversified portfolio is its Beta and Not the STDEV of the returns of the stock.
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25.00
30.00
-20.00 -40.00
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E Ri R f i E Rm R f
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Equal to 1, the expected return is equal to the market ER. Less than 1, the expected return is less than the market ER. Greater than 1, the expected return is greater than the market ER.
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Does any measure of risk, STDEV or Beta guarantee high return for high risk? No Thus, High risk takers should be prepared to face both high return as well as Low or even Negative Return
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To earn more you have to take high risk and High risk may or may not end up with high return. Thus, risk management is very important Divide the Total funds into two on your risk preference Invest certain amount in T-Bills and T-Bonds or Deposits Invest the Balance in a well diversified portfolio (about 20 to 30 stocks)
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