STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DON QUIXOTE In Don Quixote, there are close and complex correlat ons !

et"een the str#ct#re o$ the !oo%& the ps'cholo( cal de)elopment o$ the hero& and conse*#entl'& ps'cholo( cal theor'& !oth Rena ssance and modern+ In $act& t s mposs !le to separate n Don Quixote ntr ns c matters $rom extr ns c+ On one hand& Don Quixote s a statement a!o#t h#man !eha) o#r& ps'cholo('& a!o#t the relat onsh p o$ the nd ) d#al to h s soc et' and to h msel$+ On the other& t s a no)el $#ll' respons )e to l terar' h stor'& and t ma' !e exper enced s mpl' as $ ct on+ The nat#ralness o$ Cer)antes, art has !een noted a(a n and a(a n !' cr t cs- Altho#(h t seems to !e clear n (eneral that he #ses the d (ress ons n the ./01 Quixote as complements to the ma n act on n de)elop n( the ps'cholo( cal patterns o$ h s hero and that the' are rather re(#larl' spaced& pro) d n( a 2#xtapos t onal e$$ect " th the ma n plot& there s no proo$ that Cer)antes h msel$ "as consc o#sl' a"are o$ s#ch a str#ct#re+ The $act s that t s a str#ct#re that s nherent n the s#!2ect matter+ Don Q# xote s (# ded not !' the planets !#t !' h msel$& and he& as he h msel$ ma%es clear& s a#thor o$ h s o"n !oo% and has no hes tat on n po nt n( o#t errors made !' )ar o#s pse#do3a#thors "ho co#ld not poss !l' ha)e !een present to " tness the act on+ That l terar' art has !ecome more sel$3consc o#s s nce the t me o$ Cer)antes s d#e to ca#ses o#ts de the pale o$ th s !oo%& !#t& altho#(h more sel$3consc o#s& all the str#ct#res $ollo" n( that o$ Don Quixote rema n closel' related to the r contexts& as s#!se*#ent chapters o$ th s !oo% " ll !ear o#t+ In the ./01 Quixote, each part o$ the !oo% descr !es a phase o$ the central theme4Don Q# xote,s relat on to other people and to h s soc et'4and each part concl#des " th a d (ress )e tale that h (hl (hts the part c#lar ps'cholo( cal state o$ the hero at that po nt n the narrat )e+ The $ rst #n t o$ the ./01 !oo% 5chapters .3.67 descr !es ep sodes n "h ch Don Q# xote s attempt n( to mpose h s ) s on o$ real t' on all those he meets+ Th#s he ns sts that the nn%eeper %n (ht h m& that the $armer $ree the "orthless Andre"& that the merchants declare D#lc nea the most !ea#teo#s s (ht #nseen& and e)en a$ter the destr#ct on o$ h s l !rar' that Sancho accept the " ndm lls as th rt' monstro#s ( ants+ It s at the end o$ th s sect on that "e meet 8arcela and l sten to the tale o$ her l $e " th ts c#r o#s parallels to Don Q# xote,s o"n+ 9oth $eel the' "ere :!orn $ree:- ne ther reco(n ;es the #nrelent n( nat#re o$ the soc al contract or a constr#ct )e and real st c means $or carr' n( o#t deal sms " th n the soc al $rame+ And 'et 8arcela also acts as a $o l $or Don Q# xote- her ret rement spr n(s $rom $ear and ne(at on "hereas Don Q# xote,s ret rement at th s po nt& amon( the (oatherds& conta ns a pos t )e note o$ peace& s a ret#rn to nat#re n order to (ather stren(th $or the next sall' nto com!at " th the "orld o$ mater al )al#es+ The second part o$ the ./01 Quixote 5chapters .13<=7 deepens the ps'cholo( cal tens on !et"een Don Q# xote and others "hom he meets- no lon(er does he merel' demand !l nd $a th n h s o"n nner "orld $rom other people+ >e o$ten resorts to $orce& as n the sla' n( o$ the sheep- n the attac% on the 8aster o$ Arts& "hose le( he $ract#res- n the ad)ent#re " th the corpse- n the assa#lt on the !ar!er to steal h s !as n- or n the $ree n( o$ the (alle' sla)es+ Instead o$ ns st n( on h s !el e$s& he no" en$orces them& th#s !ecom n( separated e)en more se)erel' $rom the soc al str#ct#re than he had !een n part one+ >e !ecomes& n $act& a $#( t )e $rom 2#st ce and s $orced to $lee nto the S erra 8orena+ >ere he meets Carden o& and the tale o$ Carden o s a d (ress on& l %e that o$ 8arcela& parallel n( Don Q# xote,s c#rrent state o$ m nd+ Carden o& also #na!le to cope " th real t'&

has " thdra"n $rom soc et'+ As Don Q# xote n h s penance has no" s#!st t#ted a !oo% sh role& the role o$ Amad s o$ ?a#l& $or act on n the real "orld& so Carden o,s penance $or h s lost lo)e s "aste$#l and mean n(less as he "eeps $#t lel' n the S erra 8orena+ 9oth s t#at ons re*# re resc#e n t ated $rom " tho#t+ Yet Don Q# xote does penance not $or a L#c nda !#t $or the h#man race& "h ch moc%s and cheats h m+ Carden o,s (r e$& on the other hand& does not reach !e'ond h msel$ and L#c nda+ The "hole "orld has 2 lted Don Q# xote& 'et t s th s "orld he " shes to sa)e+ The d (ress ons th#s ser)e as $o ls and parallels to the ma n plot and h (hl (ht the m#lt an(#lar t' o$ the no)el,s hero& the no! l t' o$ h s nner "orld n contrast to the $#t l t' o$ h s acts+ In the th rd part o$ the ./01 Quixote 5chapters <@31<7& a ne" element appears+ Don Q# xote nstead o$ act n( s acted #pon& !ecom n( the pass )e ) ct m o$ others, a((ress ons at the nn+ F rst& he s resc#ed !' Dorothea n parod' o$ the con)ent onal %n (ht !ent #pon resc# n( ma dens n d stress+ No" t s the ma den "ho resc#es a %n (ht n d stress+ Ahen he $ (hts n th s part& he $ (hts " nes% ns n h s !edroom& not people+ Later h s arm or h s po"er s shac%led !' t"o prost t#tes& or& as Cer)antes calls them& :dem 3) r( ns+: All o$ these calam t es c#lm nate n h s mpr sonment n a ca(e and h s ret#rn to h s ) lla(e dra"n on a cart+ Th s th rd part s p#nct#ated !' $ )e d (ress ons& ll#strat n( the central polar t' o$ the !oo%B n)ol)ement " th others and " thdra"al $rom others+ The $ nal d (ress on descr ! n( t"o 2 lted lo)ers n "aste$#l ret rement $rom l $e parallels Don Q# xote,s $ nal ret rement to h s home+ In the melee n the nn o)er 8am!r no,s helmet& "here ron call' Don Q# xote esta!l shes peace n a $ra' he has !een the ca#se o$& or n the attac% on the ra nma%ers& Don Q# xote,s act ) t' creates onl' chaos+ >e s no" man p#lated !' the )er' $antas es that ha)e nsp red h s act )e *#est to re3esta!l sh the "orld o$ ch )alr'+ The part c pat on3" thdra"al pattern o#tl nes the pro(ress on o$ Don Q# xote,s madness as "ell as the str#ct#re o$ the !oo%+ From one "ho "o#ld sa)e the "orld thro#(h the deal sms o$ the ch )alr c code& "ho "o#ld man p#late others& he has !ecome n the $ nal part one "ho !eca#se o$ h s ch )alr c $antas' !ecomes the respons ! l t' o$ others as "ell as the !#tt o$ the r 2o%es+ The scenes n the nn represent h s (rad#al " thdra"al $rom the act )e role& lead n( to h s total " thdra"al n the $ nal chapters+ Th#s t ma' !e seen that the three parts o$ the ./01 !oo% are closel' t ed n " th the pattern o$ Don Q# xote,s ps'cholo( cal s'ndrome& each part represent n( one d st nct sta(e n the pro(ress o$ h s dement a+ The ./.1 Quixote can !e o#tl ned n a s m lar $ash on+ 9r e$l'& nstead o$ a part c pant3 " thdra"al pattern n h s relat on to soc et'& the latter !oo% stresses Don Q# xote,s search $or h msel$& a$$ected !' a ser es o$ ep sodes and ma(es #s n( a m rror techn *#e+ 8an' o$ the characters act as m rrors re$lect n( the hero $rom d $$erent an(les& s#ch as the Cn (ht o$ the 8 rrors& "ho act#all' has p eces o$ re$lect n( (lass se"n to h s cost#me+ F#rthermore& the ep sodes n th s !oo% are o$ten pa red to re$lect one another 5replac n( the $#nct on ser)ed !' the d (ress ons n the ./01 Quixote). Th#s the ep sodes deal n( " th the Cn (ht o$ the 8 rrors and the "a(on o$ pla'ers are set s de !' s de to contrast t"o % nds o$ actors and to comment on Don Q# xote,s o"n sense o$ role+ Or Camacho,s "edd n( and the ) s on n 8ontes nos,s ca)e n)ol)e t"o lo)e a$$a rs that parallel and contrast " th one another as "ell as " th Don Q# xote,s relat on to D#lc nea+ In $act& the pla' o$ m rrors !ecomes so compl cated& the con$#s on !et"een real t' and ll#s on& !et"een l $e and !oo%s& so complete& that the reader& l %e Don Q# xote& tends to lose h msel$+ The con$#s on s compo#nded !' the $act that not onl' do the ep sodes comment on each other !#t the ./.1 !oo% comments on the ./01 !oo%+ Also& a th rd Quixote that o$ the mposter A)ellaneda& s ntrod#ced to m rror the other t"o+ It s thro#(h th s los n( o$ sel$ n a compl cated ser es o$ sel$3 ma(es that Don Q# xote s to $ nd h msel$+ The pro(ress on o$ the ./.1 Quixote s th#s a descent nto the

dar%ness o$ the earth 5s'm!ol ;ed !' descents nto ca)es& !' trampl n(s !' ho(s and !' !#lls7+ The mechan cal str#ct#re o$ Don Quixote and the ps'cholo( cal de)elopment o$ ts hero are th#s nterdependent+ The re$lex )e ma(er' o$ the ./.1 Quixote stands at the core o$ th s !oo% 2#st as the "a)el %e $l#ct#at on o$ part c pat on and " thdra"al had esta!l shed the pattern o$ ts predecessor+