UNIVERSITÀ DELLACALABRIA

Dipartimento di MECCANICA
A Modified Elastance Model to Control Mock Ventricles in Real-Time
Francesco M. Fabio Francesco 1
Colacino , 2
Piedimonte ,
Maurizio 1
Moscato ,
Guido Salvatore 1
Arabia , 1
Danieli , Nicosia 2

1 Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Calabria – Italy; 2 Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione, University of Rome “Tor Vergata” – Italy

AIM NUMERICAL VALIDATION EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION

To build a mock ventricle able to Continuous run experiments based on variations of:
reproduce the correct ventricular Systemic arterial resistance: Ras
Mean circulatory pressure: Pmc
pressure/volume relationship in order to
obtain the correct interaction between the For Physiologic Cases: For Pathologic Cases:

 A control condition has been reached (HR = 60 bpm)  A control condition has been reached (HR = 100 bpm)
mock ventricle and the environment Afterload Increase – Preload Constant: MPao ↑ - Ved ↔ Afterload Decrease: MPao ↓

connected to it. Preload Increase – Afterload Constant: Ved ↑ - MPao ↔ Preload Decrease: Ved ↓

IMPEDANCE MODEL
Based on stress/speed measurements of
the cardiac sarcomere, and on energetic
considerations, resistive and inductive
terms (R(t) and L(t) respectively) are
added to the classical Suga-Sagawa
elastance model throughout the whole
cardiac cycle.
PLV t   P0   VLV t , t   Ri t  VLV t   Li t   VLV t 
where :
 VLV t , t    p VLV t    a VLV t    p VLV t  f iso t 
and

Ri t   sat Ri MIN  K Ri f iso t , Ri MAX 
 1 
 K Li f iso t ,
1 1 
 sat
Li t  L 
 i MAX Li MIN  EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
with : Mock Ventricle Rcs, Lcs
 x t  x t   y
Cas
sat x t , y   
y x t   y
Rla, Lla

NUMERICAL VALIDATION Ras, Las

The LV volumes (VLV) calculated from both Cla
the classical model and the modified Cvs
elastance model, in presence of a
Rvs, Lvs
sinusoidal pressure disturbance of
amplitude 1 mmHg, are shown below
(solid lines). Dotted lines are for the case
with no disturbance. VLV calculated from
CONTROL STRATEGY
the classical model is very sensitive to the The pressure measured into the mock ventricle (P LV ) is feed back
pressure disturbance, especially during into the mathematical model and the calculated reference V LV is CONCLUSIONS
used to drive the piston by means of a PI controller. The presented model is suitable to control mock ventricles in real-time where acoustic-type
the filling phase. The modified model filters vibrations are responsible for sudden pressure disturbances, which on the contrary make the
 17.57 s  46
out the disturbance effects. C s   classical elastance model unsuited unless using mechanical filters.
s
Advantages: Device conceived to study the correct ventricle-environment interaction
Mock ventricle working according to the elastance mechanism
Correct sensitivity to Preload and Afterload
Pathologic and physiologic working conditions can be mimicked
To be solved: High pressure drop across the mitral valve (negative pressure during filling)

Better shaping of ventricular pressure waveform (low frequency oscillations)

General improvements of hydraulic components (Ras)
Closed loop with both systemic and pulmonary circulations