REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE 1 (PS 1334)

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Behaviour of Concrete and Steel Reinforcement Material Revised : 05-February-2009

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Kuliah Struktur Beton Bertulang I (TS 1541) Created By :Mudji Irmawan , Bambang Piscesa

Introduction
What do you know about concrete material ?

Introduction (2)
Concrete is stone like material obtaining by permitting proportioning mixture of cement, sand and gravel or other aggregate. Additional water to harden in form of shape and dimension of desirable structure.

Behaviour ???

Introduction (3)
Stress-Strain Relationship of Concrete Material
Peak Concrete CompressiveStrength (fc)

Stress (Mpa)

Brittle Failure

Concrete Compressive Strength Before Crushing

Strain (mm/mm)

Introduction (4)
Remember !!! As the P concrete compressive strengh (fc) increased, the failure behaviour become more brittle.

Stress-Strain Relationship of Concrete Material With Various Compressive Strength (fc)

Introduction (5)
Remember !!! Strain used in P analysis and design was acquired from lower bound of the test result.

Stress-Strain Relationship of Concrete Material With Various Experimental.

Introduction (6)
Stress-Strain Relationship of Concrete Material with the specimen were being pulled of.
There is no Stress-Strain Relationship in this case !!! Why ??? Because Concrete is a brittle material and has very small tensile strength (about 10% of fc). It is usually assumed that concrete has zero tensile strength.

Introduction (6)
P

Think about the behaviour of elemen concrete structure such as beam on the left if it was loaded ??? Why the beam was failure in brittle condition???

Premature-Brittle Failure Occurred at Very Small Load.

Introduction (7)
P

Ok Well find out why... ^^, first consider the stress Compression Stresses acting on the middle of the beam C
Looks Like The Problems is clear

T
Tensile Stresses

Introduction (8)
P

Premature-Brittle Failure Occurred at Very Small Load.

Compression Stresses

C T
Tensile Stresses

Remember !!! Under circumtances where tensile stress occur on the middle of the beam and concrete material cannot sustain this stresses therefore after the tensile stress capacity exceeded (10 % fc) the beam will failure prematurly.

Introduction (9)
P

Look closely on how the premature failure occured

Compression Stresses

Compression Stresses

Tensile Stresses Tensile Stresses

The problems is How to prevent this failure?

Introduction (10)
Since the problems lays on the tensile region we need to secure this with adding some material which is strong enough to encounter tensile stresses in tensile region. What kind of material is it??? It was steel reinforcement

Introduction (11)
Steel Reinforcement, usually diameters range between 6 mm 30 mm.

Length of steel reinforcement is about 12m

Steel reinforcement is one of versatile material to encounter tensile forces. But it cannot encounter compression forces because the longitudinal length far greater than the diameter, unless it is held in the concrete.

Introduction (12)
P P P

Stress-Strain relation ship of steel reinforcement.

Ultimate Strength (fu) Yield Strength (fy)

Stress (Mpa)

Strain-Hardening

P P P

Strain (mm/mm)

Introduction (13)
Stress-Strain relation ship of steel reinforcement.

y(Steel Strain)=fy/Es

Introduction (14)
P

Think about the behaviour of element reinforced concrete structure such as beam on the left if it was loaded ???
Problem Solved!!!

Beam was only deformed!!!

Introduction (15)
P

Now well see the stress and forces after adding steel into Compression Stresses reinforcement the concrete. C

T
Tensile Forces

Introduction
After learning the behaviour of concrete and steel material we can conclude that reinforced concrete are ?

Introduction (16)
Reinforced concrete is a combination between concrete material which is powerful against compressive stress and steel reinforcement which is powerful against tension forces. This two combination lead to many advantages in reinforced concrete structure.

Introduction (17)
We have had already learn about : Behaviour of concrete material (Stress-Strain Relationship, Compressive Strength (fc), Tensile Strength (ft)) Behaviour of steel reinforcement material (Stress-Strain Relationship, Yield Strength (fy), Ultimate Strength (fu), Strain-Hardening Relationship). Definition of Reinforced Concrete.

Thank You