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Code No: RR310101 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain with details, in which situations each of the following cements are used

(a) Air Entraining cement


(b) Sulphate resisting cement
(c) Low heat cement
(d) Oil well cement.

[4+4+4+4]

2. (a) Define the term ”Bulking of aggregates”? Explain its significance with refer-
ence to concrete making.
(b) Explain the simple field test to determine the bulking of aggregates.
[8+8]

3. (a) Differentiate between the terms creep and shrinkage with reference to hardened
concrete.
(b) Discuss various factors affecting shrinkage of concrete.
[8+8]

4. Write short notes on:

(a) Weight batching and volume batching.


(b) Absolute volume method of proportioning mixes.
(c) Workability viz-a-viz Durability.

[6+4+4]

5. (a) What are general principles of prestressing.


(b) Explain in detail about pretressing and post tensioning.
[8+8]

6. A post-tensioned P.S.C beam of span 16m has an initial prestress of 1500 kN


transferred at 28 days. The cable profile is parabolic having an eccentricity of
500mm at mid-span determine the losses in prestress due to various causes and the
total percentage loss for the following data:
C.S.A (A) = 5X104 mm2
M.I(I) = 550X108mm4

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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 1
Area of HTS (As ) = 1386mm2
Stress in steeel at transfer (fs ) = 1000N/mm2
Coefficient of friction (µ)=0.25
Correction factor for wobble effect (k) = 0.0015/m. [16]

7. Design a prestressed concrete slab to carry a live load of 10kN/m2 over a span of
16m. Takes losses at 15% . Allowable compressive stress in concrete = 17.5N/mm2
( initially) and 14N/mm2 (final). Allowable tensile stress in concrete 1N/mm2 .
For 7mm dia. Wires allowable tensile stress before losses= 900N/mm2 , while after
losses = 100N/mm2 . Check for stresses. Sketch the cable zone and cable profile.
[16]

8. (a) Explain the behavior of prestressed concrete beams in shear.


(b) Explain how the shear is estimated and the provision of shear reinforcement
for a prestressed concrete beam.
[8+8]

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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. “The compressive strength of hardened cement is the most important among its
properties”. Explain the laboratory test to determine the compressive strength of
cement. [16]

2. (a) Distinguish between Aggregate crushing value and Aggregate abrasion value.
(b) Describe Devals Attrition test to determine the abrasion value of coarse ag-
gregate.
[8+8]

3. (a) State Abram’s W/C ratio law and explain the same. How do Feret improve
Abram’s law.
(b) Define the term Gel/space ratio and explain its relation with strength of con-
crete.
[8+8]

4. Design a M20 concrete Mix using IS method of Mix design. Use following data.

(a) Maximum size of Aggregate - 20mm (Angular)


(b) Degree of workability - 0.90 compaction factor
(c) Quality Control - good
(d) Type of Exposure - mild
(e) Specific gravity
i. Cement -3.10
ii. Sand -2.60
iii. Coarse aggregate - 2.62
(f) Water absorption:
i. coarse aggregate-0.60%
ii. fine aggregate - 1.50%
(g) Free surface moisture:
i. coarse aggregate -NIL
ii. fine aggregate -2.5%
(h) Sand conforms to zone III grading.
Assume any other Data required suitably.

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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 2
[16]

5. With the help of stress diagram explain the following: -

(a) Prestressing with a bent tendon having zero eccentricity at ends and max.
eccentricity (e) at mid-span.
(b) Prestressing with a parabolic tendon.

[8+8]

6. (a) A concrete beam of 9m span 120mm wide and 300mm deep is prestressed by
a cable with cross-sectional area of 200mm2 . The cable profile is parabolic
with an eccentricity of 50mm above the centroid of the section at supports
and 50mm below at mid span. If the cable is tensioned from one end only,
estimate the percentage loss of prestress in the cable due to friction. Assume
coefficient of friction as 0.35 and wobble coefficient = 0.0014 per m
(b) A prestressed concrete beam of rectangular section 125mm wide and 300mm
deep is prestressed by 6 wires of 6mm diameter provided at an eccentricity of
50mm. The initial stress in the wires is 1200N/mm2. Find the loss of stress
in steel due to creep of concrete.
Take ES = 210kN/mm2 EC = 30kN/mm2 and creep coefficient = 1.4
[8+8]

7. (a) Write in detail the approximate method of design of prestressed concrete


Beams?
(b) Derive the expression for eccentricity to be used in design?
[8+8]

8. A prestressed beam of 180 mm x 300 mm is axially prestressed by a tendor carrying


an effective force of 300 KN. The beam supports a uniform load of 12 KN/m over a
span of 8 m. Determine the principal stresses at the support section. If this beam
is also prestressed in the vertical direction with a stress of 5N/mm2 . Determine
the principal stresses at the support sections. [16]

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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) “The rate of cooling influences the degree of crystallization and the size of the
crystal of the Clinker”. Explain in detail the above sentence with reference to
manufacture of Portland cement.
(b) Discuss how the quality of Clinker influences the resulting properties of cement.
[8+8]
2. (a) What is specific gravity of aggregates? How is it useful in mix design calcula-
tions of concrete?
(b) Explain the pycnometer test to determine specific gravity of aggregates?
[8+8]
3. (a) State Abram’s W/C ratio law and explain the same. How do Feret improve
Abram’s law.
(b) Define the term Gel/space ratio and explain its relation with strength of con-
crete.
[8+8]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) Weight batching and volume batching.
(b) Absolute volume method of proportioning mixes.
(c) Workability viz-a-viz Durability.
[6+4+4]
5. A prestressed concrete beam 400 mm wide and 620 mm deep has a span of 5.6m.
The beam is prestressed with a tendon as shown in fig.1. The external load on the
beam consists of 200 kN at midspan. The effective prestressing force is 1100 kN.
Calculate the resultant extreme fibre stresses at mid span section. Concrete weighs
25kN/m3 .

[16]
6. (a) A prestressed concrete beam 125mm wide and 325mm deep is prestressed by
a straight wire carrying an initial force of 200kN at an eccentricity of 50mm.
The modulus elasticity of steel and concrete are 210kN/mm2 respectively.
Estimate the percentage loss of steel due to elastic deformation of concrete if
the area of steel wires is 206mm2 . Derive the expression involved.

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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 3

Figure 1:

(b) A concrete beam is prestressed by a cable carrying an initial prestressing


force of 310kN. The cross sectional area of wires is 320mm2 . Calculate the
percentage loss of stress in the cable only due to shrinkage of concrete using
IS1343 recommendations assuming the beam to be
i. Pretensioned.
ii. Post tensioned.
[8+8]

7. A rectangular beam 200 X 450 mm has a span of 10 metres. The prestressing cable
has a trapezoidal cable with zero eccentricity at the ends and 70 mm at one third
span points. The effective prestress is 750kN after all losses. Determine the value
of equal point loads the beam can support at the one third points if the pressure
line passes through the upper kern of the section.
[16]

8. A prestressed beam of 180 mm x 300 mm is axially prestressed by a tendor carrying


an effective force of 300 KN. The beam supports a uniform load of 12 KN/m over a
span of 8 m. Determine the principal stresses at the support section. If this beam
is also prestressed in the vertical direction with a stress of 5N/mm2 . Determine
the principal stresses at the support sections. [16]

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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Write short notes on the following:

(a) High Alumina cement


(b) Refractory cement
(c) Standard consistency of cement
(d) Coloured cement.

[4+4+4+4]

2. (a) Define the term ”Bulking of aggregates”? Explain its significance with refer-
ence to concrete making.
(b) Explain the simple field test to determine the bulking of aggregates.
[8+8]

3. (a) What do you understand by curing of concrete? What is its importance?


(b) Explain different methods of curing fresh concrete.
[8+8]

4. Design a M15 Mix with a standard deviation of 3.5 Mpa using ACI method. The
specific gravities of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are 2.68, 2.72 respectively,
the bulk density of coarse aggregate being 1650 kg/cum. The fineness Modulus
of fine aggregate is 2.90. The water absorption of coarse aggregate is 1% and free
surface moisture in fine aggregate is 1.5%. Assume any other data required suitably.
[16]

5. With the help of neat sketches explain the following methods of prestressing: -

(a) Long line method.


(b) Freyssinet system.

[8+8]

6. A prestressed concrete beam 250mm wide and 320mm deep is prestressed with steel
wires of area 220mm2 provided at an uniform eccentricity of 60mm and subjected to
an initial stress of 1050N/mm2 . The span of the beam is 10m. Find the percentage
loss of stress.

(a) ES = 205kN/mm2 andEC = 32kN/mm2

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Code No: RR310101 Set No. 4

Shrinkage of concrete = 300x10−6 for pretensioned beam and
(b)
= 210x10−6 for posttensioned beam
)
Ultimate creep strain = 47 × 10−6 mm/mm per Mpa f or pretensioned beam
(c)
of concrete = 28 × 10−6 mm/mm per Mpa f or posttensioned beam
(d) Relaxation of stress in steel = 6 % of the initial stress
(e) Anchorage slip = 0.70 mm
(f) Friction coefficient for wave effect = 0.0014 per m
(g) Coefficient of friction = 0.55 [16]

7. A prestressed concrete beam 200 mm wide and 300 mm deep is used an effective
span of 5m to support an imposed load of 5kN/m. The density of concrete is
24kN/m3 . At the quarter span section of the beam, find the magnitude of

(a) The concentric prestressing force necessary for zero fibre stress at the soffit
when the beam is fully loaded and
(b) The eccentric prestressing force located 100 mm from the bottom of the beam,
which would modify the bottom fibre stress due to loading.

[8+8]

8. The horizontal stress at the centroid of a prestressed concrete beam of rectangular


cross section is 125 mm x 250 mm is 7N/mm2 and the maximum shearing force on
the beam section is 68 KN. Find the principal tensile stress. Also find the minimum
vertical prestress required to eliminate this principal tensile stress.
[16]

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