HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

5 KPI Optimization

5
About This Chapter
Figure 5-1 shows the KPI optimization process.

KPI Optimization

KPI optimization refers to optimizing the service performance of the network to meet the acceptance requirements. During KPI optimization, the network optimization engineers find and solve the problems that do not meet the acceptance requirements through the analysis of the drive test data and the performance measurement data. KPI optimization involves the counters such as the call-completion rate, call drop rate, handover success rate, and congestion rate.

Issue 01 (2007-09-05)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-1

5 KPI Optimization

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

Figure 5-1 KPI optimization process

Start

RF optimization Data collection: Configuration data Drive test data Performance measurement data Call trace data Make solutions Data analysis Discuss solutions Are the optimization results satisfactory? Yes End No Data analysis and processing

Are the Yes optimization results satisfactory? No

5.1 KPI Optimization Data Collection The data collected during KPI optimization data collection is the drive test data, call trace data, performance measurement data, and configuration data. 5.2 KPI Optimization Data Analysis Single site verification focuses on equipment-related problems, and RF optimization focuses on coverage-related problems. Therefore, KPI optimization needs only to focus on KPI-related problems. However, the unsolved equipment-related and coverage-related problems, if any, must be solved during KPI optimization. Common KPI-related problems are related to access, congestion, handover, and call drop. 5.3 KPI Optimization Implementation During KPI optimization implementation, you can adjust the radio configuration parameters to enhance the service performance.

5-2

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

Issue 01 (2007-09-05)

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

5 KPI Optimization

5.1 KPI Optimization Data Collection

The data collected during KPI optimization data collection is the drive test data, call trace data, performance measurement data, and configuration data.

Drive Test Data Collection

The data collected during drive test data collection is the MS data. The drive test in KPI optimization is more complete than that in RF optimization.
l l

Service tested: voice and data services Test method: continuous conversation, dialing test, and automatic test

Call Trace Data Collection

The data collected in call trace data collection is the call trace data on the network equipment side. It consists of the following:
l l l l l

User signaling message trace data Cell signaling message trace data Standard interface signaling message trace data LAC data Real-time performance monitoring data

Performance Measurement Data Collection

The performance measurement data comprehensively indicates the radio performance on the network level and the cell level. GBSS performance data consists of the following:
l l l l l

Access data Call drop data Handover data Traffic volume data Congestion data

Configuration Data Collection

Configuration data collection is to obtain the BSC configuration script files for problem analysis and location.

5.2 KPI Optimization Data Analysis

Single site verification focuses on equipment-related problems, and RF optimization focuses on coverage-related problems. Therefore, KPI optimization needs only to focus on KPI-related problems. However, the unsolved equipment-related and coverage-related problems, if any, must be solved during KPI optimization. Common KPI-related problems are related to access, congestion, handover, and call drop.

Issue 01 (2007-09-05)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-3

5 KPI Optimization

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

5.2.1 Access Analysis Access analysis refers to checking whether the access counters during the drive test and the performance measurement meet the acceptance requirements. 5.2.2 Congestion Analysis GSM network congestion mainly refers to SDCCH congestion and TCH congestion. SDCCH congestion refers to no available channels for SDCCH seizure. TCH congestion consists of two situations. One is no available channels for TCH seizure, which leads to channel request failures. The other is TCH assignment failures. 5.2.3 Handover Analysis Handover analysis involves the drive test data and the performance measurement data. It refers to checking whether the handover counters tested during the drive test and the performance measurement meet the acceptance requirements. Before performing related optimization, judge whether the handover problem is related to the BSS network elements. 5.2.4 Call Drop Analysis Call drops are caused by problems in coverage, handover, interference, antenna system, transmission, and parameter setting.

5.2.1 Access Analysis

Access analysis refers to checking whether the access counters during the drive test and the performance measurement meet the acceptance requirements.
l

Access counters (drive test): calling party completion ratio, called party completion ratio, and access delay of the CS and the PS services Access counters (performance measurement): paging success ratio and call setup success ratio The common access problems are related to the following:

Paging Assignment Authentication and encryption Hardware

Solve the access problems by adjusting the antenna configuration parameters that are as follows:
l

Cell reselection parameters: reselection start threshold, reselection delay, reselection hysteresis, and cell offset Random access parameters: RACH minimum access threshold, BS-PA-MFRAMS, MS minimum access level, and RACH error threshold

5.2.2 Congestion Analysis

GSM network congestion mainly refers to SDCCH congestion and TCH congestion. SDCCH congestion refers to no available channels for SDCCH seizure. TCH congestion consists of two situations. One is no available channels for TCH seizure, which leads to channel request failures. The other is TCH assignment failures. The common congestion problems and troubleshooting are as follows:
l

High traffic Check the performance measurement results to see whether the traffic volume of the SDCCH and the TCH exceed the thresholds. Capacity expansion is the best way to solve

5-4

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

Issue 01 (2007-09-05)

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

5 KPI Optimization

the congestion caused by high traffic. Traffic sharing measures is another way to mitigate congestion.
l

SDCCH burst traffic If the SDCCH congestion rate and the traffic volume is high while the TCH traffic volume is normal, the SDCCH congestion may be caused by a traffic burst. To mitigate the SDCCH congestion, modify the SDCCH configuration or enable the SDCCH-TCH dynamic adjustment function.

TRX fault In a cell of multiple TRXs, if a faulty TRX is out of service, congestion may be caused. Replace the faulty TRX. If you are not sure whether the fault lies in the TRX or not, check whether the cables in the antenna system are properly connected and whether the VSWR is normal. If the cables in the antenna system are properly connected and the VSWR is normal, replace the TRX and then check whether the services recover.

Interference Interference also causes congestion. Mitigate the congestion by solving the interference problems.

Channel assignment failure caused by inconsistent coverage The causes are as follows:

The transmit power of the TRXs in a cell are not consistent. Check the connections of the combiner, divider, CDU, and SCU. The coverage areas of the transmit antennas in a cell are not consistent. Modify the engineering parameters. The transmit and receive antennas are not in a horizontal plane or are of different tilts. Adjust the antennas.

Inappropriate data configuration. To reduce SDCCH congestion rate, troubleshoot as follows:

Appropriately plan the location areas Enable the SDCCH dynamic allocation function Appropriately set the dualband network parameters, for example, the CRO, CBA, and CBQ. Appropriately set the timers, for example, the T3101, T3103, T3107, T3122, T3212, and T3111

5.2.3 Handover Analysis

Handover analysis involves the drive test data and the performance measurement data. It refers to checking whether the handover counters tested during the drive test and the performance measurement meet the acceptance requirements. Before performing related optimization, judge whether the handover problem is related to the BSS network elements. The common handover problems and troubleshooting are as follows:
l

Unable to initiate a handover The MS cannot initiate a handover when the signals are weak. Check the following:

Whether the handover conditions are met Whether there is a candidate cell that meets the handover conditions

The problem may lie in the following:

Issue 01 (2007-09-05) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 5-5

5 KPI Optimization

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

The handover thresholds are set too low. No adjacent cell relation is set. The handover hysteresis is not set appropriately. The best cell measurement time P/N is not set appropriately. N is a continuous length of time. P is the length of time when the conditions are met. The BTS clock times out.

Hardware faults If the data of the faulty cell and its neighbor cell is not modified recently, check whether the problem is caused by hardware faults. If yes, replace the faulty hardware.

Inappropriate data configuration. Troubleshoot as follows:

In MSC independent networking mode, if the incoming or outgoing MSC handover is abnormal, check whether the signaling of the local MSC and the peer MSC is consistent and whether the data of the local MSC and the peer MSC is modified. In co-MSC networking mode, if the inter-BSC handover is abnormal, check first whether signaling of the local BSC and the peer BSC is consistent and whether the data of the local BSC and the peer BSC is modified. If the handover of a certain cell is abnormal, analyze the problem based on the actual situations. Check the handover-related timers such as the T3105, Ny1, T3103, and T3124.

To locate the handover problems, do as follows: 1. Check whether the fault lies in a certain cell or in all the cells. Check also the features of the faulty cells. For example, the faulty cells are neighbor cells of a certain cell or the faulty cells share a BSC or MSC. Check whether the data is modified before the problem occurred. Check whether the problem is caused by hardware faults. Register the related performance measurement counters such as handover performance measurement counters and TCH performance measurement counters. Perform a drive test in the faulty cell and analyze the signaling.

2. 3. 4. 5.

5.2.4 Call Drop Analysis

Call drops are caused by problems in coverage, handover, interference, antenna system, transmission, and parameter setting. The causes and troubleshooting of common call drops are as follows:
l

Coverage-related call drops are caused by the following:

Discontinuous coverage with dead zones At the edge of the coverage area of an isolated BTS, the signals are weak and are of bad quality, which causes handover unavailability. In complex landforms, for example, mountainsides, the transmission of the signals is blocked and discontinuous, which causes call drops.

Bad indoor coverage Densely distributed buildings and thick walls cause great attenuation and low indoor level, which lead to call drops.

Cross-area coverage (isolated island)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 01 (2007-09-05)

5-6

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

5 KPI Optimization

Cell B is the neighbor cell of cell A, but cell C is not. If the MS roams from cell A to cell C and still seizes the signals of cell A, when a handover is initiated from cell A to cell B, the MS will not find a suitable target cell and a call drop is caused. See Figure 5-2. Figure 5-2 Call drops due to overlarge coverage
Can't find next cell cause call drop Cell A Cell C

Cell B Expected Coverage Actual Coverage

Oversmall coverage If the hardware of a cell is faulty, for example, the radiator of the antenna is blocked or the BCCH is faulty, call drops may be caused.

In this case, find the areas with insufficient coverage through the drive test and ensure indoor coverage. For details about how to rectify the hardware faults and about how to modify inappropriate adjacent cell relations, refer to 4 RF Optimization.
l

Handover-related call drops For details about the causes and troubleshooting of handover-related call drops, refer to 5.2.3 Handover Analysis.

Interference-related call drops For details about the causes and troubleshooting of interference-related call drops, refer to 4.3.2 Interference Analysis.

Antenna system-related call drops For details about the causes and troubleshooting of antenna system-related call drops, refer to 4 RF Optimization.

Transmission-related call drops For details about the causes and troubleshooting of transmission-related call drops, refer to 4 RF Optimization. In addition, analyze the following counters:

TCH performance measurement: A interface failures during TCH seizure TCH performance measurement: TCH availability TCH performance measurement: Call drops due to interruption of terrestrial links

Parameter-related call drops Check whether the call-drop related parameters are set appropriately. The parameters are as follows:

Radio link failure counter SACCH multiframe number

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 5-7

Issue 01 (2007-09-05)

5 KPI Optimization

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Radio Network Opimization Guidelines

Access control parameters T3101 and T3107 parameters T200 and N200 parameters

5.3 KPI Optimization Implementation

During KPI optimization implementation, you can adjust the radio configuration parameters to enhance the service performance. Perform the following preparations:
l

Make a detailed adjustment plan, which has the following contents:

Adjustment objectives Version of the network equipment and instructions Adjustment procedure Adjustment details including the changes of the parameter values Operation time: determined by the network security and the operation impacts on the services Perform the adjustment at midnight (after 24:00) when the traffic volume is low. Do not perform dynamic adjustment during peak hours. Troubleshooting

Pre-review the adjustment plan. Pre-review the adjustment plan of the parameters that cover a large area and that are of a high security level. Submit the Application for Network Operation to the customer. The application includes at least the following items:

Operation content Operation purpose Operation time Resources prepared by the customers: personnel, vehicles, and SIM Abnormal results and troubleshooting Operation impacts on services including the performance measurement counters

Back up the original data and record the date before every operation.

Check the following after the adjustment:

l l

Back up the latest data file on the BAM and record the date. Check whether the BTSs and cells are operational after the adjustment. Conduct a dialup test to ensure that the services are normal. Check the performance measurement results after the adjustment. The performance measurement counters include the access success rate, congestion rate, call drop rate, and handover rate. Troubleshoot in time to ensure normal operation of the equipment. Record the adjustment and its effects for future check.

5-8

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

Issue 01 (2007-09-05)