Code No: R059210202 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
and Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Verify V2 = (V/2)(e2x −1)/(e2x +1) = (V/2) tanhx for a symmetrical square
wave applied to a low pass RC circuit.
(b) Derive the expression for percentage tilt(P) of a square wave output of RC
high pass circuit. [8+8]

2. (a) Determine Vo for the network shown in figure 1 for the given waveform. As-
sume ideal Diodes.

Figure 1:

(b) Draw the basic circuit diagram of positive peak clamper circuit and explain
its operation. [8+8]

3. Write Short notes on:

(a) Diode switching times

(b) Switching characteristics of transistors
(c) FET as a switch. [4+8+4]

4. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a Schmitt trigger circuit and explain its operation.
Derive the Expressions for its UTP and LTP.
(b) Explain how an Schmitt trigger circuit acts as a comparator. [12+4]

5. (a) Draw and clearly indicate the restoration time and flyback time on the typical
waveform of a time base voltage.
(b) Derive the relation between the slope, transmission and displacement errors

1 of 2
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 1
(c) Explain how UJT is used for sweep circuit? [6+4+6]

6. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of an astable multivibrator to obtain frequency di-
vision by 6. Explain its working with waveforms.
(b) Explain the terms phase delay and phase jitter. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain the effect of circuit capacitances on the operation of a bi-directional

diode gate.
(b) In the circuit of figure 2 consider that RL=RC=100K ohms and that R2=2 K
ohms, Rf=50 ohms for Vs=25V, compute A, Vnmin, and Vcmin. [8+8]

Figure 2:

8. (a) What are the basic logic gates which perform almost all the operations in
Digital communication systems.
(b) Give some applications of logic gates.
(c) Define a positive and negative logic systems.
(d) Draw a pulse train representing a 11010111 in a synchronous positive logic
digital system. [4+4+4+4]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
and Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Derive the conditions necessary for good integrator:

(b) A square wave whose peak to peak amplitude is 1V extends ±0.5V with respect
to ground. The duration of the positive section is 0.1 Sec. and of the negative
section is 0.2 Sec. If this wave form is impressed on RC high pass circuits
whose time constant is 0.2 Sec. what are the steady state maximum and
minimum values of the output waveform? [6+10]
2. (a) A symmetrical 10 kHz square wave whose peak -to-peak excursion are ±10V
with respect to ground is impressed upon the diode clamping circuit shown in
figure 1. The Diodes has Rf = 100 Ω, Rr = α and Vγ = 0. Sketch the steady
state output waveform Indicating clearly the voltage levels.

Figure 1:

(b) Explain positive peak voltage limiters above and below reference level. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the terms pertaining to transistor switching characteristics.
i. Rise time.
ii. Delay time.
iii. Turn-on time.
iv. Storage time.
v. Fall time.
vi. Turn-off time.
(b) Give the expression for risetime and falltime in terms of transistor parameters
and operating currents. [6+10]
4. (a) Design a collector coupled transistor monostable multivibrator to produce a
time delay of 100 µsec. Use transistors have hF E of 250. Use ±12v sources,
VCE(sat) = 0.3v, VBE(sat) = 0.7v and VBEcutof f = 0v

1 of 2
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 2
(b) Show that the astable multivibrator works as voltage controlled oscillator.
[10+6]

5. (a) What is a Linear time base generator? Give its Applications

(b) Write the differences between the voltage and current time base generators?
(c) Why the time base generators are called sweep circuits? [6+6+4]

6. (a) What is relaxation oscillator? Name some negative resistance devices used as
relaxation oscillators and give its applications.
(b) With the help of a circuit diagram and waveforms, explain the frequency
division by an astable multivibrator? [8+8]

7. (a) Draw the equivalent circuit and derive the gain and control voltages of bi-
directional two diode sampling gate and also give its disadvantages.
(b) Draw the Block diagram of sampling scope and explain each block in brief.
[8+8]

8. (a) What are the basic logic gates which perform almost all the operations in
Digital communication systems.
(b) Give some applications of logic gates.
(c) Define a positive and negative logic systems.
(d) Draw a pulse train representing a 11010111 in a synchronous positive logic
digital system. [4+4+4+4]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
and Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Prove that an RC circuit behaves as a reasonably good integrator if RC > 15T,
Where T is the period of an input ‘Em sin ωt′ .
(b) What is the ratio of the rise time of the three sections in cascade to the rise
time of Single section of low pass RC circuit. [8+8]

2. (a) Design a biased positive voltage clamping figure 1 the input is a symmetrical
square wave of ±10v at 1Khz. The tilt on the output wave form should not
exceed 1% signal source resistance is 500 ohms. Output voltage desired is
±2.7v.

Figure 1:

(b) Explain synchronized clamping circuit. [8+8]

3. Write Short notes on:

(a) Diode switching times

(b) Switching characteristics of transistors
(c) FET as a switch. [4+8+4]

4. (a) Draw the circuit of a self-biased binary using NPN transistors and explain its
working.
(b) Design an astable multivibrator to generate 5kHz square wave with a duty
cycle of 40% and if amplitude 12V. Use NPN transistor having hF E = 100,
VBesat = 0.7V, VCEsat = 0.2, ICmax = 100mA. Show the waveforms seen at
both the collector and bases. [8+8]

1 of 2
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 3
5. (a) Draw and clearly indicate the restoration time and flyback time on the typical
waveform of a time base voltage.
(b) Derive the relation between the slope, transmission and displacement errors
(c) Explain how UJT is used for sweep circuit? [6+4+6]

6. (a) What do you mean by a relaxation circuit? Give a few examples of relaxation
circuits.
(b) With the help of neat waveforms, explain sine wave frequency division with a
sweep circuit. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain the basic principles of sampling gates using series switch and also give
the applications of sampling gates.
(b) Explain the effect of control voltage on gate output of unidirectional sampling
gate using diode with some example. [8+8]

8. (a) What are the basic logic gates which perform almost all the operations in
Digital communication systems.
(b) Give some applications of logic gates.
(c) Define a positive and negative logic systems.
(d) Draw a pulse train representing a 11010111 in a synchronous positive logic
digital system. [4+4+4+4]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
and Electronics & Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) A pulse of amplitude 5 V and duration 20 µ sec is applied to High pass RS

circuit having R= 10 k Ω and C = 1000 pf. Calculate the output V0 (t) Sketch
the output waveform. Calculate the tilt and undershoot.
(b) What is meant by an attenuator and explain the application of an attenuator
in a CRO probe. [10+6]

2. (a) T=1000 µ sec

V= 10 V
Duty cycle = 0.2

i. Sketch waveform with voltage levels at steady state figure 1

ii. Forward and reverse direction tilt
iii. Af / Ar

Figure 1:

(b) Write a short note on non- linear wave shaping. [12+4]

3. (a) Explain the terms pertaining to transistor switching characteristics.

i. Rise time.
ii. Delay time.
iii. Turn-on time.
iv. Storage time.
v. Fall time.
vi. Turn-off time.

1 of 3
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 4
(b) Give the expression for risetime and falltime in terms of transistor parameters
and operating currents. [6+10]

4. (a) Explain the operation of bistable multivibrator with relevant triggering circuit
and waveforms.
(b) Explain the reason for occurrence of over shoot at the base of normally ON
transistor of one shot. Derive an expression for overshoot. [8+8]

5. (a) What is a Linear time base generator? Give its Applications

(b) Write the differences between the voltage and current time base generators?
(c) Why the time base generators are called sweep circuits? [6+6+4]

6. (a) What do you mean by synchronization ?

(b) What is the condition to be met for pulse synchronization?
(c) Compare sine wave synchronization with pulse synchronization? [4+6+6]

7. (a) Explain the effect of circuit capacitances on the operation of a bi-directional

diode gate.
(b) In the circuit of figure 2 consider that RL=RC=100K ohms and that R2=2 K
ohms, Rf=50 ohms for Vs=25V, compute A, Vnmin, and Vcmin. [8+8]

Figure 2:

8. (a) What are the basic logic gates which perform almost all the operations in
Digital communication systems.
(b) Give some applications of logic gates.
(c) Define a positive and negative logic systems.

2 of 3
Code No: R059210202 Set No. 4
(d) Draw a pulse train representing a 11010111 in a synchronous positive logic
digital system. [4+4+4+4]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

3 of 3