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-### ### Vann### ### ### ### ###

 ) (

 ) (

     ) (logic gates     
.

)( NOT gate
output ) (complement input
:
   1   0    0 
 1 ) (-   NOT ) (-   
.

) (- ) ( NOT gate
output

input

) (- ) ( NOT gat

" " AND gate

) ( - . AND
) (- .

) (- " " )(AND gate

 ) (

) (- " "

)(AND gate

" ") (OR gate

) ( -   . OR ) (-
.

) (- " " )(OR gate

C

) (- " " )(OR gate

     
. XNOR XOR NOR NAND

 ) (

             
 
  
.
  George Boole      
     Boolean Algebra 1854 
:
- Logic Variable
       
) ( 0 ) . ( 1
- ) ( Complement
       ) ( 0 ,1   
)( .  
A .
A = 1 = 0

=A

--

 ) (

* )(AND

) (- AND
X, Y AND X.Y
) X ( Y ).(-

AND
X.0 = 0
X.1 = X
X.X = X

X = Y
X.Y = X.X = X
X = 1
X = 0
* (+) OR

) (- OR
X , Y OR X+Y

) (

X ( Y ).(-

X+0=X
X+1=1
X+X=X

* NOT

) -( NOT

) -( NOT

--

 ) (

:
-

Commutative law
a-. X + Y = Y + X
b-. X . Y = Y . X

- ) ( Associative law
a-. X+Y+Z = X+(Y+Z) = (X+Y) + Z
= X. (Y.Z) = (X.Y).Z

b-. X.Y.Z

- Distributive law
)X . (Y+Z) = (X.Y) + (X.Z

a-.

)X + (Y.Z) = (X+Y) . (X+Z

b-.

)(-

123-

1
)

=
=

2=

 ) (

3=

)= 0

De Morgan Theorem

:
1 ) ( NOT ) ( AND
) ( OR ) ( NOT .
2 ) ( NOT ) ( OR
) ( AND ) ( NOT .

)(-

 ) (

=1- F1
)

=2- F2

=1- F1
)(
=F1
=2- F2
)(
=F2
)( -
) (- F2 F1
A=1 , C=0
= 1- F1
=
=
=0
) AND ) (0 .(0
= 2- F2
=
= F2
=1
) OR ) (1 .( 1

 ) (

D B F2 F1
, C=0

)(-

)=1

)(-

A=1

 ) (

)( -

=
=
=
=
)(-

=
=

=
=

 ) (

)( -

=
)(

-
) (
).( AND , OR , NOT
)( -
:
.

AND ) (
.

 ) (

AND )(

).( OR
) ( AND ) . ( OR
.

) AND
.NOT .

()

( ) ( OR

) (

Venn Diagram

.


) )( (.
) ( - .X X=1
) ( . X=0

) ( - X

:
-

X.Y ) -( .

- X Y
- Y X
- X Y

) -(.

) -(.
) -(.

 ) (

) -(

) -(

) -(

) -(

) ( - . X , Y

)( -

) (-

XY X

 ) (

) (-
)(-
)( 2

)- ( :
)-( 1-
)-( 2-
)-( 3-
)-( 4-
)-( 5-

)-(

)-(

 ) (

)-(

)-(

)-(
)-( )-(

Karnaugh Map

)(

" "

.


. Truth table

 ) (

) (- A,B
F

) (- A,B
a,b,c,d

B A .

OR

- .OR
- -:
2 .
= (A,B) 2
= 4 = 22

- 1 F=0 ) 0

(A=0 , B=0

 ) (

- 2 F=1 ) 1

(A=1 , B=0

- 3 F=1 ) 1

(A=0 , B=1

- 4 F=1 ) 1

(A=1 , B=1

)( :

) (- .OR

) (- OR
) (- 1 A=1 B
1 B=1 A
OR

 ) (

)(-

.
1

Y ) (1,0

 ) (

)(-

- .

) ( 1 : ) (

) (

 ) (

= ( OR) +

B
B

)( -

)( 3
) ( 8 = 23

YZ 4 X
) . ( 2
. - ) ( 1 :

 ) (

 ) (

= ( OR) +

)(-

8 = 23
BC A
A, B, C

 ) (

= ( OR) +

 ) (

)( -

00 10 :

= ( OR) +

 ) (

-
abcd-

-
)a
)b

)a
)b
-

 ) (

-
)a
)b
)c
)d
)e
- F6

F6 . .
-
)a
)b
)c
)d
-

-
1)

)(d

(b) x

)(c

 ) (

2-

-
)1

-
-
-
-

)2

 ) (

 ) (

:
-
-
-
-

-
Relay
. ) (
.
Controller
" " 5-24 V .

)(
:
(

.
(

(NC) Normally Closed (NO) normally open
.
) (- .

) (-

) (- 24V
220V .

)(-

) SW ( ON
) ( DC
)
( 1 2 1 3
220V . R

SW ) ( ON
) ( OFF .
. SW

SW
) (- .

) (-
Pb1 (NO) pushbutton .start
Pb2 (NC) pushbutton .stop
I1 .

I2 .M
M .220V

:
pb1 I1 DCV
pb2 pb1
:
3 5 I2 220V
.
1 2 pb1
) ( I1 1,2
.
.
pb2
.

) ( .

Flip-Flop

-
. Flip-Flop
-

Flip-Flop f.f

) f.f .( Flip-Flop
- Flip-Flop

- )(0,1
.
- NAND NOR
-
:

( - SR
- SR NOR
)-( NAND )-(

Circuit Asynchronous Sequential -
) S & R ( two inputs ) SET
( ) RESET ( .

)-( SR NOR

)-( SR NAND

NOR ) ( 0
) (1 ) (1
) .(0 )-( :
- S=1 R=0 Q=1
=0

)( ) Complement for each

. (other
- 1

0
)(

.
:
-
- 1

.
S

SET . 1

- 1

RESET . 0
) -( NAND
:
-

SET

. RESET
-

1
.

( - SR Clocked Flip-Flop
:

) ( 1 , 0
.
square wave ). (-

) (- ) (

) (- - SR
) NOR - ( SR NAND

) (- - SR
NAND CP
) 0 ( CP R , S
CP 1
R ,S :
.
.

.
.

- SR

) 1 ( 0
1

. 0

( - D

D Flip-Flop

) (- - D -
SR NOR . NAND D
NAND NOT NAND .
NAND 1 CP
0 R , S

) (- - D

D

- D

- D
- NOT

- .
- D D latch

( - JK

JK Flip-Flop

- JK - SR

RESET SET ) (- JK
- SR AND .

) (- JK
:
-

- JK

-
-
. )(-
-

.
) (- -

( - Master-Slave flip- flop

)( ) ( ) (- -
SR
) ( Master
NOT ).( Slave

)
)

(
(

) (- -

Shift Register



.
.

Right Shift Register

) ( - "
" Clear
:
- Clear 0
.
- 1 FF0
. 0
- 1 1 . A
- A B
B C
.

) ( -
0001
:
- 1 0
0 . 0
- .

Lift Shift Register

). ( -

) ( -
1010 1 0 1 . 0

- TIMERS

Stopwatch
.
:
- . Mechanical Timer
- . Electromechanical Timer
- .Electronic (quartz) Timer

) ( PLC .
:
- ON-delay Timer

) (

) (-
.ON-delay
.Y /

) (- ON-delay
-

OFF-

delay timer
.

) (
. .

.
) (- OFF-delay

) (- OFF-delay
- Pulse Timer

. ) (-
. Pulse Timer

) (- Pulse Timer

555
.
) (- ) 555 (IC
:
- (pin 1) 1 . Ground
- (pin 2) 2 . Trigger input IC

- (pin 3) 3 . Output
- (pin 4) 4 . Reset input
- (pin 5) 5 . Voltage Control
- (pin 6) 6 . Threshold input
- (pin 7) 7 . Discharge
- (pin8) 8 Vcc IC
5V . 15V

) (- )555 (IC
) (- IC 555
.

) (- IC 555
) (- IC 555 LM 555CN

) (- LM 555CN

IC 555

voltage divider Vcc

Two comparators .
IC 555 Vcc 2
Threshold input 6 Vcc 4
Vcc control voltage 5 IC 555

. Output 3 0
Discharge Transistor Turned
. ON Vcc
Vcc

6 Vcc

Capacitor C R
R . C
IC 555 :
* . Mono-stable Mode
*

Astable Mode

.Multivibrator
IC

. .

) (-
6,7 .

) (-

IC 555 2
1 C
R

IC 555

Reset 0
C .
. 2 ) -
( .

) (-

V
E

e 2.718
t

C
t

) (-
R1 R2 . C

C
1/2 Vcc R1+R2
2/3 Vcc
C R2
Trigger 1/3 Vcc

R1, R2
.

) (-
) (-

) (-
) =( Vcc

)=( 0V

- Digital Counter


D T . JK

- Asynchronous ( ripple) Counter
) ( Bit .
- Synchronous Counter
) ( Bit

Control of a

. single
- Decade Counter 0 9
.
- Up Counter
.
- .
- Up- Down Counter
.
- Ring Counter Registers
)( .
- . Johnson Counter

.
)
( .

Up Counter
) ( -
JK ) ( Q CP
J,K
.
1 ) 0 (
. 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 1

) ( -
) ( -
.

-
.

- .
- 4 .
- 8 .

) ( -

Reset ) ( 0

Down Counter
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

) ( -

3 JK
)

( CP

J,K
.
1 ) 0 (
.

) ( -
) ( -
.

) ( -

Up-Down COUNTER
UP . Down

AND . OR
AND - ) ( Q UP
AND
. Down OR AND
OR ) (-
.

) (-
UP Q FF0
FF1 .

Down )

FF0

FF1 .

( Decimal Counter) Decade counter

- ) (- 4 .

) (- 4
9 ) ( 0
Reset 0 . 10
.

FF0

FF1

FF2

FF3

FF0 , FF2
FF1 ) (1 ) (0 ( 1) FF3 ) (0

AND

). (-

Johnson Counter

Decoder Circuit
. ) (-
5 32
) ) ( 32 Bit 16 Bit
. AND

) (-
.

Ring Counter

.
) ( - ) ( -

, ,

,.

) ( -

) ( -

- .
- .
- . SR
- . SR
- . D
- D .
- . JK
-
.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- IC 555
. t
- IC 555
. t

- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- 0 9
10 .
- .

:
-
-
-

:
- .
- ) (Switch ) ( Push-button
) ( Relays ) ( Contactors )(Over Load
.... .
- )( ) ( .....
. Hard-wired
.

.
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller
) (Input Points
) (Output Points .
.

PLC

gates
Logic counters timers
Markers Flags
.

( Digital Signal
24 VDC
+24V ) (1 High
0V ) ( 0 . Low
) (- .

) (-

) (- .
) (NO ) ( (NC)
) ( .

) (-
( Analog signal

0V .( 0-10V) 10V
4mA .( 4-20mA) 20mA

) (
300 / ) ( 300 RPM/Volt
. 4.5V .

=
= 300 4.5

= 1350 /

) ( 1350 RPM

.
( Bit
0 1

( Byte
) ( 8 Bits

( Word
16 16 2
.

PLC
PLC :

- ) CPU ( Central Processing Unit
.
- Input Unit
UPS :
. Digital Input
. Analog Input
4
) ( .
- Digital Output UPS
.
Relays . Transistors

:
. Digital Output
. Analog Output
4
) ( .

PLC ) ( ) 24V or 48V or

( 110Vor220V .

.

. PLC ) (- PLC

) (- PLC

Hand-Held Programmer PLC

. ) (-

) (-
) ( - . PLC

) ( - PLC
) (- PLC

. Relays

Power Supply

Rectification
)
PLC ( .
) (- Power Supply 220V AC
24V DC . PLC

) (- PLC

Software
Software

PLC .
: PLC

Compact type
.
Input , Output

. Extension Modules)-( PLC

.

)-( PLC Compact type

)-( PLC Compact type

Module type
:
- . Power Supply Module
- .Digital Input Module
- .Analog Input Module
- . Digital Out Module
- . Analog Output Module
- ) ( .
Modules
. )-( PLC Module
. type

)-( PLC Module type

)-( PLC Module type

PLC

PLC :
- :
-
Push Buttons Switches
limit Switches Over
Load ...... Floating Switches .
- ) (

...... .
-
Contactors Solenoid Valves
..... Indication Lamps .
- ) (

..... .
.
- : Software
.

PLC .

: PLC
- )
( .
- ) ( .
- )
(.
- )
(.
- ) ( ). ( Digital or Analog
- ) ( ). ( Digital or Analog
) (- : PLC
- PLC ) 24V ( .
- digital inputs
:
SW1 NO SW2 Start
NC SW3 Stop NC Stop
. O.L
- Analog Input
. 0-10V
- ) Digital Output ( K1 , K2 , K3
) 220V ( .

) (- PLC

-
)(-

Metal halide :
.
9 . 500W
PLC
:
- .
- . Timers

. PLC
) ( 18x500 W
.PLC

-
) (- PLC
SW1 , SW2 , SW3 NO
K1 , K2 , K3 .

) (- PLC

- Timers
Timers
PLC
. ) (- PLC
.

- PLC .
- .

) (- PLC

) (-

-
)(-
) 380V ( M
:
- .
- . 220VAC
- . PLC

) ( - .

) ( -

220VAC
SW1,SW2 NO Start 1, Start2
SW3 , SW4 NC Stop1 , Stop2
O.L . NC
NO NC
NOT . ) ( -
220VAC

) ( -
220VAC

PLC

PLC )

..... (
. PLC

NO NOT
NO . NC
K1 . Q0.0

) ( - PLC
) ( -

PLC

PLC

----

I0.0

NO

SW1

----

I0.1

NO

SW2

----

I0.2

NC

SW3

----

10.3

NC

SW4

----

I0.4

NC

O.L

Q0.0

-----

K1

Lamp

Q0.1

) (- PLC
.

) (- PLC

)( -
25KW
:
- .
- . 220VAC
- . PLC

) ( - .

) ( -

220VAC
) ( -

) ( -
220VAC

S1 NC . Stop

S2 NO NC S2

) ( .

S3

NO NC S3
)
( .
K1 , K2
. ) (- .

) (-

PLC
) ( - PLC
) ( -
PLC

PLC

----

I0.0

NC

S1

----

I0.2

NO

S2

----

----

NC

S2

----

I0.3

NO

S3

----

----

NC

S3

----

I0.1

NC

O.L

Q0.0

----

K1

----

----

NC

K1

----

----

NO

K1

Q0.1

----

K2

----

----

NC

K2

--------

----

NO

K2

Q0.2

----

H1

Q0.3

----

H2

S2
NOT S3 K1 , K2
.
) ( - NO , NC
PLC
. ) (- PLC
.

) (- PLC
.

)( -
50 380/660 V ) Y// (
:
- .
- .
- . PLC

) ( - Y/

) ( - Y/

) (- Y/
) K1 )( (Y
K2
) (KIT 75%
K1 K3 K2
)( .

) (- Y/

PLC
) ( - PLC

) ( -

PLC

PLC

NO

----

I0.0

NC

S1

NO

----

I0.1

NO

S2

NO

----

I0.2

NC

O.L

----

----

KIT

----

----

NO

KIT

----

----

NC

KIT

Q0.0

----

K1

----

----

NC

K1

----

----

NO

K1

Q0.1

----

K2

----

----

NO

K2

Q0.2

----

K3

----

----

NC

K3

.

NO
NO NC . NOT
) (- PLC
.Y/

) (- PLC
Y/

-
)(-
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
- .
- . PLC

) (- .

) (-

PLC
PLC

PLC

PLC

----

I0.0

NO

S1

----

I0.1

NO

S2

----

I0.2

NO

O.L1

----

I0.3

NO

O.L2

----

I0.4

NO

O.L3

----

I0.5

NO

O.L4

Q0.0

----

K1

Q0.1

----

K2

Q0.2

----

K3

Q0.3

----

K4

. PLC
) (- PLC
.

) (- PLC

- . PLC
- :
- . Digital Signal
- . Analog Signal
- - Bit Byte . Word
- . PLC
- PLC .
- PLC
.
- PLC .
- PLC
.
- PLC

:

- Switches Contactor

Relay Contacts Indicator lamps

Solenoid Valve Float Switches

- Thermometer

Temperature

Transducer Horns Limit Switches

Photo Cells .

-
:
.
.
.
. PLC
-

O.L:
- .
- . 24VDC
- . PLC
-
Pushbutton
PLC
. 220VAC
- 30KW 380/ 660 V
380V ) Y( )( :
- .
- . 220VAC
- . PLC
- :
. Start

.
.

.

 PLC

PLC

-
-
-

 PLC

 PLC

-
PLC

:
.
.
.
. . Controllers
. 500 32
32
.( Flags) Markers
.
.
. PLC . LAN
. ) (

PLC
PLC

.

 PLC

-


.

--

)Central Processing Unit( CPU

:
-

Memory

- Processor

Memory

Simi Conductor Chips :
. ROM
PLC
.

. RAM

) Markers
( Flags

 PLC

.
RAM.
:






Markers Flags

Processor
Simi Conductor Chips
)
(
.
) ( - IC Processor

 PLC

) ( - IC Processor
CPUs
. EEPROM / EPROM
) (-

) (-

 PLC

-- PLC Language
: Ladder Diagram





.
) (- PLC .

) (- PLC

 PLC

)(-
PLC ) . ( -

) -(

) -(

 PLC

) : Statement List ( STL

:
AND . . A
OR . . O
. ) ( NC . ( NOT ) N
:
. ( A , O , N) Operation
. Data
A I0.0 A ) AND (
I I0.0 0.0 .

)Function Block Diagram (FBD

.

PLC

PLC Octal Number

Decimal Number Hexadecimal Number
Octal Number
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Decimal Number
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

 PLC

Hexadecimal Number
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
)-(
PLC 12 8
-:
Input PLC I Input
I0.0 , I0.1 , I0.2 , I0.3 , I0.4 , I0.5 , I0.6 , I0.7 .
I1.0 , I1.1 , I1.2 , I1.3 .
Output PLC Q O
) ( Output 0 O
Q0.0 , Q0.1 , Q0.2 , Q0.3 , Q0.4 , Q0.5 , Q0.6 , Q0.7
)-(
PLC 12 8
-:
Input
I0,I1,I2,I3,I4,I5,I6,I7,I8,I9,IA,IB
Output
Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6,Q7
PLC X , Y
) ( .

 PLC

:
NOT AND
OR . SR
AND
)- ( AND )-(
)-( .

)-(

) - ( AND

Ladder

)-( Ladder AND

Q0.0 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 .

 PLC

STL
L LD A Ladder
.
L I0.0
A I0.1
A I0.2
= Q0.0
A )AND (
= ) Out = (

. PLC
OR
)- ( OR ) -(
)-( .

) -(

) - ( OR

 PLC

)-( Ladder OR
0 ( Q0.0) D I0.0 I0.1
I0.2 .

STL
L I0.0
O I0.1
O I0.2
= Q0.0
O

OR

. PLC
NOT
) - ( NOT ) -(
)-(

 PLC

) -(

) - ( NOT

) -( NOT

STL
LN I0.4
Q0.2
N NOT
) - ( NOT . PLC

 PLC

) -( NOT PLC
A NO

N N I0.4

PLC A NOT .
) (Q0.2 PLC
A NO . NC

)( -
) (- K1
) ( 24VDC : PLC
- Ladder Diagram
- Statement List

 PLC

. PLC

) -(

) -( S3
NO NC .

Ladder Diagram

) -(

Statement List

 PLC

I0.0

I0.2

A
O

10.1

AN I0.2
Q0.1

(Flag) Marker
OR , AND M
.
I0.0

I0.2

M0.0

10.1

AN I0.2

M0.1

M0.0

M0.1

Q0.1

 PLC

) (- PLC S3
. NO

) (- PLC

)( -
) (- . K
: PLC
- Ladder Diagram
- Statement List
. PLC

 PLC

)- ( K

AND OR ) -(.

Ladder Diagram

) -(

 PLC

Statement List Marker

I0.0

I0.1

M0.0

I0.0

LN

I0.2

I0.3

AN

M0.1

I0.4

M0.2

I0.5

I0.2

AN

M0.3

M0.0

M0.1

M0.2

M0.3

Q0.2

 PLC

PLC ) -(

) -( . K

)(-
: PLC
- Ladder Diagram
- Statement List

PLC )-(

 PLC

)-(

OR . AND

Ladder Diagram

) -(

 PLC

Statement List
Marker
L I0.0
I0.3

M0.0

L I0.1
I0.4

ON I0.5
M0.1

L I0.2
I0.5

M0.2

L M0.0

M0.1

M0.2

Q0.2

 PLC

PLC ) (

) (
) (- ) (- PLC
. PLC

-
)(-
) (-
+ Circuit Breaker + Contactor
) Over Load (
) + Start Push Button (NO + Stop Push Button
+ Ma + Ma O.L
.

 PLC

Start Push Button

)( Ma

) (-
PLC
:
- PLC ) (- RL
380VAC Ma PLC
. 24VDC

 PLC

) -( PLC
-
Ladder Diagram ) -(

) -( Ladder Diagram

 PLC

) -( ) PLC (
Start Q0.0
S1 . Stop
) (ON ) (OFF

) -(

)-( ) (

 PLC

)-(

)-(

Statement List
I0.0
Q0.0

LD
O

I0.1

AN

I0.2

AN

Q0.0

 PLC

)(-
) (- ) / ( .

PLC
Q0.1 Q0.2 )(-
L1

24VDC . Running

L2

24VDC . Stop

) ( NO , NC
). ( RAM
Q0.0 Q0.1
Q0.0 Q0.2
.

PLC ) -(

 PLC

) -( PLC

Ladder Diagram ) -(

) -( ( Ladder Diagram

 PLC

Statement List
I0.0
Q0.0

LD
O

I0.1

AN

I0.2

AN

Q0.0

Q0.0

LD

Q0.1

LDN Q0.0
Q0.2

)(-
) (-
: PLC
. Ladder Diagram
-
- Statement List

Ladder Diagram

S1 O.L NC
NOT . ) (-
S1 O.L .NC

 PLC

) (-

Statement List
Network 1
LD I0.0

Marker

I0.1

M0.0

Network 2
LD Q0.0
AN I0.3
O
Q0.1

AN

PLC

A
=

M0.0
Q0.0

Clockwise

Network 3
LD

Q0.1

AN I0.2
O

I0.3

AN

Q0.0

M0.0

Q0.1

Anticlockwise

 PLC

SR PLC

) (- L
S1 Pushbutton NO S2 . NC

) (-
S1 L
S1 .
) (- Q0.0 OR
S1 S1 L
. S1

) (- Q0.0 OR S1

 PLC

.
: PLC
- RS ). Reset (R
- SR ). Set (S

RS )Reset (R
 ) (-       RS  
) Reset (R S1 S2 . NO
S1    ) (1 I0.0   
Q0.0 ) (1 S2    )(1
 I0.1    Q0.0  ) .(0  
  S1 , S2     I0.0 = 1 ,I0.1 = 1
. Q0.0=0

) (- RS

 PLC

SR )Set (S
) (- SR Set
) (S S1 S2 NO

S1 , S2 I0.1 = 1

I0.0 = 1 ,

Q0.0=1

) (- SR

Timers

:
* - .On-Delay Timer
* - .Off Delay Timer
* - .Pulse Timer

 PLC

PLC )
( :
* - T . S
* - . R
* - TV
.
* - .Q

-
.
- R
.

On-Delay Timer
) (- . On-Delay

X Y t PLC
. Y
3

10S

1s

100ms

10ms

 PLC

KT10.1

PLC .

) (- On-Delay
I0.0 ) (1 T
Q0.3 ) (1 T
I0.0 . R
Q0.3 ) (0 .

On-Delay Timer

I0.0

LD

KT10.1

T1

SD

I0.1

 PLC

T1

T1

Q0.3

) (- On-Delay

) (- On-Delay

Off Delay Timer

) (- Off-Delay ) (-
.

) (- Off-Delay

 PLC

) (- Off Delay

On-Delay Timer
I0.0

LD

KT10.1

S Off T1
I0.1

T1

T1

Q0.2

S Off T1
T1

. SD

 PLC

Pulse Timer
) (- Pulse Timer ) (-
.

) (- Pulse Timer

) (- Pulse

On-Delay Timer

I0.0

LD

KT10.1

T1

SP

 PLC

I0.1

T1

T1

Q0.1

Counters

PLC -:

- UP Counter
( zero) 0
Preset value CU )(0
) (1 Preset value
PV )
. ) (1 R
). (0
) (- .

 PLC

) (-

I0.0

LD

// Count Up Clock

I0.2 // Reset

LD

CTU C46, 150

- Down Counter

Preset value PV ( zero) 0
CD ) (0 ) (1
) (1 LD Preset value
). (0
) (-

 PLC

) (-

I0.0

LD

// Count Down Clock

I0.2 // Reset

LD

CTU C47, 150

- Up-Down Counter
CU ) (0
) (1 CD ) (0
) (1 Preset value
) (1 R ). (0
) (-

 PLC

) (-

I0.0

LD

// Count Up Clock

I0.1 // Count Down Clock

LD

I0.2 // Reset

LD

CTU C48, 150

)( -
) (- 50 380/660 V
) Y// ( PLC
. Ladder Diagram

) (- Y/

 PLC

) (- Y/
75% 8
PV

. KT 08.2

 PLC

)(-
) (- :
* - .
* - 5
.
* - 12 .
* - 9 .
* - .
:
PLC . Ladder Diagram

) (-
SR
) . ( Start Stop ) . ( T1 , T2 , T3

 PLC

) (-

 PLC

- ROM RAM PLC
- Processor . PLC
- .
- PLC .
- PLC .
-
. PLC

-
. PLC

 PLC

 PLC

-
. PLC
-

380/660

22KW 380V

.

Emergency Stop
:
. PLC . - :
. Start 5 . 10 .
6 .
) ( . Stop

 PLC

PLC

PLC

.....


DC Power SUPPLY
:
-

TTL 5VDC .74----

CMOS 315 VDC .40---- 74---

( AND , OR , NOT ,), SR
) ( .

 



) ( AND , OR , NOT -

SR



: AND , OR , NOT ,),

(
SR
    :

 

Bread Board
5 V )
(

mm2

  :

  "!  

"

-
-

Bread Board


) -( Bread Board
) -( .
IC
)(
.
. .

)-( Bread Board

) -(
 #  : AND

 :# AND
   :

- . Bread Board
- IC 7408 AND ) -(
)-(
.AND
- . LED
- ). W 150 (R
- 5VDC .

- . ON/OFF
- .

) -(
) -( AND

) -(

  :
5VDC ) -(
SW1 , SW2 . AND
) ( I . C ) -(

) -(

) -(
LED

SW2

SW1

0=OFF

0=OFF

1=ON

1=ON

AND

 #( '&  : OR


 :# OR
   :

) 7408 ( AND
) 7432 . ( OR
IC 7432 OR ) -(
)-( .OR

) -(

)-( OR

  :
5VDC )-(
SW1 , SW2 . OR

)-(
SW1
SW2
LED
0=OFF

0=OFF

1=ON

1=ON

OR

 #( )  : NOT


 :# NOT
   :

- . Bread Board
- IC 7404 NOT ) -(
)-(
.NOT
- .
- . LED
- ). W 150 (R
- 5VDC .
- . ON/OFF

) -(

)-( NOT

  :

5VDC )-(
SW1 . NOT

)-(
LED

SW1
0=OFF
1=ON
0
0
1
1

NOT

 #* : SR

 :# SR

   :

- . Bread Board
- IC 7400 NAND ) -(
)-(
- .SR
- .
- 2 . ( D1 ,D2) LED
- 2 ). W 150 (R
- 5VDC .
- . ON/OFF

) -(

)-( - SR

  :

)-( .

)S (SW1) R (SW2

 # : + )( 555


 :# 555
   :

- . Bread Board
- IC . 555
- .
- 2 . ( D1 ,D2) LED
- 2 ). W 150 (R3 , R4
- 5VDC .
- . ON/OFF
- ).10F , 10V (C
- ) W 1K (R1 )W 150K (R2

  :
) -( )( )-(
)( .

) -( )(

)-( )(

- PLC
PLC

.

PLC. PROG. UNIT.

* - PLC .
* -
) (

) (

POWER TRAINING UNIT

) (
. C.B.
) (
.

) (

) (

) ( .

) (

-
. PLC
* .Electrical Symbol
* . Ladder Diagram
* .
- .
.

) (- ) ( .
) (

) 24VDC
(
LCD 18
)
( (I1 , I2 , I3 ,------) Digital Input
)

( Analog Input
( IB , IC , ----- ) Digital Input

) (

Shift

Menu\ Ok

Output

Arrow Keys
Z Pushbutton

) (-


.

LCD
) (- ) ( .

) (-
) (

) (1,2,3,4,--- -
) (B,C,D,E,---
.

RUN/STOP

) (

) (1,2,3,4,--- - )
(

/ /

) (- Command Keys
)(
LCD .

) (- Command Keys

Shift Key

Z ). ( -

) ( - Shift Key

Menu / OK key
LCD )
( ) Menu. , Sub Menu. , Program,
. (Parameters,--est.

Z KEYs

Z1

Z4

LCD LCD
- Pushbuttons
).(1,2,3,4,--

- Shift Key ). (-
- + -

) (+ ) (-

) (
Ins. - cursor
cursor .
Del. - )( ) ( .
Parma - ) (
-

)( -
1 ,2 ,3 ,4 - Z .

Run / Stop

- .
- . PC

) (
) Ladder (LD :

- Contacts
.
- ) ( Coils .

. Flashing Square )(

.
)( -

Flashing Cursor

) Shift Key( Menu :

) ( Shift Key

) (+ & - I

Q 1

) - ( +
Shift Key
:
. ( I,i,Z,z,M,m,Q,q,T,t,C,c,-----) Contacts
. (M,Q,T,C,---------) Coils

Shift Key

Cursor

. 1

+ Shift Key

) 1,2,3,----

) (--,A,B,C (

Shift Key

.
Coil

Shift Key + .

Shift Key

. Coils
. )(
Menu / OK key + Shift Key
.
. )( )
( Menu / OK key + Shift Key .

)( -
.

)( -

Flashing Cursor

) Shift Key( Menu :

Shift Key
.
Shift Key

Shift Key

Shift Key

Parameter
LD ) FBD
( . LD :
. ). Internal Auxiliary Relays (Markers
. .Discrete Output
. ) Clocks ( .
. . Analog Comparators
. . Timers
. . Counters
. . Fast Counters
) ( - :
)( -

Parameters Menu
) Main Menu ( PARAM.
MENU/OK .

+ )

MENU/OK

MENU/OK

(.

/ RUN /STOP MENU

STOP
.
RUN
.
) ( YES ) (NO
MENU/OK .

) LD
Password ( )( -

)( -

CLEAR PROGRAM

Main Menu . MENU/OK

YES

MENU/OK
.

:
. PC Electrical
. Symbol

. PC Electrical
. Symbol

. )
NO . NC

. ) ( -
) PLC
(.

)( -

NO

I--

i--

NC

Q--

NO

q--

NC

Coil

SQRQ

SMRM-

M-

NO

)( -

NC

m-

Counter

NO

CCRCC-

c-

NC

TT-

Timer

STT-

NO

t-

NC

) ( -
)( -

.. Q

SQ

RQ--

: M

.
: Counter
Reset

.

PARAM. ) ( - :

)( -
-

Command input

- Reset input
- Counter output
- Parameter lock
- ) /TO ( FROM
- Preset value
- .
) ( - :
)( -

I1
) (
Q1
I2

) I1 (
Q1

I2

I1
I3
Q1

I2

: Timers

Reset

) ( -

.
)( -

/

:
: A
. ON Delay Timer
: a .
: C
. OFF Delay Timer
: A/C A . C
: B
.

)( -

/
: D
.Flasher Timer
: d
.
: L
.
: : /
.
: T .
)
( .

NO

NC

:
) ( - .

1/100

00.00

99.99

1/10

000.0

999.9

M:S

00.00

99.59

H:M

00.00

99.59

00.00

99.99

PARAM.

:
-

Command input

- Reset input
-
Timer output
- Parameter lock
- Timer on-delay A/C
- Timer off-delay A/C
- ) ( Time unit
-
- Timer type

:
: A

tA .
a

tA
.
Off- Delay C

tA .

. tA
W

. tA
D

. tA
d

. tA
L

tA . tB
l

t1 . t2

LAD

PROGRAM

flash

LINE 1

Shift

) Key(

Coils

Contacts

contact

contact

Link contact
LAD

contact
contact I1

contact

i
contact NC
1

) Coils(

:
-

Contacts

Coil
[

) Shift Key(

Contacts

3
i

YES

PROGRAMMING

RUN/STOP

LD

Shift Key

) .(Contact, Coil, Graphic Link Element

- ), est.

(I, Q, No., + Shift Key

Z2, Z3 .
Z1 Z4 . Ladder Diagram

) (
PLC
.

.

CD
Desktop .

Lift double click .
- :

Lift Click

) (

) (
NEXT
:
- ladder
- ) FBD (

) ladder ( NEXT
) ( :

Toolbar

-
-
-

LD

) Display

Ladder Symbol ( Electrical Symbol

) (lift click

) (6 I1 ) I6
( ) (NO, NC .

contact I1
I1
contacts contact1 001

coil Q1

lift click

coils contact [ coil

. [ Q1

click

lift click S

RUN

contacts coils
inactive . active lift click
I1 )( )(
Q1 .

) ( Simulation of Discrete Input

) (

:
ON /OFF Switch Lift Click
.
Pushbutton Right Click Lift
.

Simulation of Discrete Output

) (
.

Simulation of Memory Relays

Output

) (
.

Simulation of Z Keys

Z Keys
.

Program PLC

Transfer

Transfer
- )

( Simulator
.

- PLC .
- PLC
. Interface Cable
- . STOP
:
Transfer click

PC > module

Transfer Program

Module > PC

click PC > module PLC

Start Up
:
Transfer RUN Module . click - PLC RUN .

-
PLC

PLC .

PC
-
.
-

( .
-

- ) Outputs(
Inputs .

- ) Right Click ( I1
) (
.
- Right Click I2 I3
) (

S , R
) 1 ( 3

4 7 .

PLC

- PLC
" Program >PLC

"Transfer

- I1 . PLC
- 220VAC / 6OW ) Q1
220VAC (
- I1 Q1
.
- 1 4 . S , R
Hard Wire PLC

) (-
) ( .
PLC .

) (-

:
PLC

PC

Right Click

I1 I2 Q1

Right Click

I3 I4 Q1

- PLC
" Program PLC

"Transfer

- I1 I2 . Q1
- I3 I4 . Q1
) (
- 220VAC / 6OW ) Q1
220VAC (
- I1 I2 Q1
.
- I3 I4 . Q1

:
PLC

:
. . . - . Software

)
( . PLC

.

:
PLC

I3 I4
OR ) I2 I1( I5, I6, I7, I8 AND
)( . )(
.
:
PLC

I3 I4
OR ) I2 I1( I5, I6, I7, I8 OR
)( . )(
.

- )
/ - (

) ) ( (

: (I2) ON/OFF . 220 VAC

:
- ) contact (I2
. contacts
-

- T1 ) TG ( T1
) T ( T1 Coil
:

click

- T1 Right Click TT1 :

Parameters Window Lift Click

.

- ( ON delay) Function A .
- ) Unit ( S
Time . OK
-

( .
- (contact) T1
Q1
coil
:

) (

T1
:

contact I2 T1 ) ( Q1
:

) ) ( (

: Pushbutton I1 . 220 VAC

:
- ) contact (I1
. contacts
-

- C1 ) CG ( C3
) C ( C3 Coil
:
: C D R Reset

click C3

Right

Click CC1 :

- Parameters Window Lift Click

.
- . 5
- .OK

.OK :

Reset .
- R C3
coil :

) (
-

-
) ( 5 Q1
:

I2 . Reset

) ) ( (

: Pushbutton I1 . 220 VAC
:
- C D . OR
- . 0
- . 0
.I1

I1 0

I2 . Reset

6 .

. I1 . I3 .

Sensor

(0-10 V C

5V .

:
- ) 0-10V (
.
- . K1
- ) (Q1 . K1
- ) (K1 .

-
A1

- A1 Parameters Window
Lift Click .

. Ib

. 5V

. 5V
- .OK :

0 5V

- PLC

" Transfer Program PLC

- . K1
- Q1 K1
- ) Ib
. COM.
- . 5V

PLC .

I2 NO ) STOP ( . I3 NO ) START ( . . . .

- PLC
" Program PLC

Transfer

- . K1
- Q1 . K1
- . I3
- . I1
- .
:
NO . PLC
I2
STOP O. L

) (
PLC
.

I3 NO ) STOP ( . I4 NO ) START 1 ( .
I5 NO ) START 1 ( .
.I6 ) K1, K2 (2 .

- .

- PLC
- K1 K2
) ( .
- Q1 K1

Q2

.K2
- . I4
- . I3
- . I5
- .
:
NO . PLC - ) (STOP .

Stop
.

stop .

.

PLC
.

) On delay Timer #5
: ( sec.

PLC
.

- ) /(

660 /380 75%

) (

I3 NO ) STOP ( . I4 NO ) ( . ) K1, K2, K3 (. - ) (.

- PLC
- . K1, K2, K3
- Q1 K1

Q2

K2 Q3 .K3
- I3 PLC
Q1, Q2 ) T1 (
(Y) Q2 () Q3
- . I4

) (

T2
() Q3 Q2
). (Y

- )(


) (.

U1, V1, W1
U2, V2, W2

YY
U1, V1, W1 )
( U2, V2, W2
.

)(

I3 NO ) STOP ( . I4 NO ) ( . I5 NO ) ( . ) K1, K2, K3 (. - ) O.L.1, O/L.2 (.

- PLC
- . K1, K2, K3

- Q1 K1

Q2

K2 Q3 .K3
- I4 PLC
. Q1
- I5 PLC
. Q2, Q3
- I3

- .

I3 NO ) STOP ( . I4 NO ) (. I5 NO ) Emergency STOP ( .
- ) K1, K2, K3, k4 (.

ON delay
)( . T1 T4 T5
.

- PLC
- . K1, K2, K3,K4
- Q1 K1 Q2
K2 Q3 K3
Q4 . K4
- . I3
- I4 . I5

) ( ) (
) 10( .

. 3 . 5
. 5 . 10 ) 10 ( . I3, I4 ) ( I5 Reset .
) . = (

- I3 NO

( .
I4 NO ) (.
I5 NO Reset ) ( .

- ) K1, K2, K3 (.

V1
V1

V1 C1+0 0
V2 C1+0 5 C1+0 3 V3

: ) (

--

--

Vann

: PLC

: )(PLC

- )(PLC

- B

)(PLC
- )(PLC

: )(PLC

- )

/ (
-

- ) /(

- )(

Reference

1- M.Morris Mano ; Professor of Engineering . California State

Univeristy ; "Digital Logic and Computer Design" ; Prenlice
Hall Englewood Cliffs .
2- Lan G. Warnock MEDC . Paisley College of Technology ,
Scotland ;"PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLES Operation
and Application " Prenlice Hall London >
3- Basic Logical Function and Gates ;
HTTP://WWW.play-hookey.com/digital/basic-gates.html.

4- MOELLER ."Automation With Programmable Controllers

An Introduction for Beginners
5- Programming guide Zelio Soft 2
6- Zelio Logic 2 User Manual
. PLCS -
PLC -
PLC -
/ /