MAHATMA JYOTI RAO PHOOLE UNIVERSITY

(MJRP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY)

A seminar report on

Cloud Computing

Submitted To:
Mrs. Himani Nayyar DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013-14

Submitted By:
SOMENDRA BHATI B.Tech (IT) Roll No. 12134 7th semester

CERTIFICATE
This is to Certified that the seminar work entitled CLOUD COMPUTING is a bonafide work presented by Somendra Bhati bearing roll no. 12134 in a partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in INFORMATION TECHNOL0GY of MAHATMA JYOTI RAO PHOOLEUNIVERSITY JAIPUR RAJ. during the year 2013-14. The seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to seminar work presented for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree. Staff In charge Mrs Himani Nayyar HOD IT Depart. Name: Somendra Bhati Roll: 12134

Cloud computing is the latest of computing paradigms. It promises to change the way people use computing resources. Using Internet as In this report there is a brief overview of cloud computing. Cloud the backbone, cloud computing asserts that it is possible to provide computing as a utility to end users as and when needed basis. Cloud computing has a potential to serve users of all kinds: individual users, institutions, industry at large. This report cover issues such nature and scope of cloud computing, its applications, business rationale etc. Executive Summary A common understanding of cloud computing is continuously evolving, and the terminology and concepts used to define it often need clarifying. Press coverage can be vague or may not fully capture the extent of what cloud computing entails or represents, sometimes reporting how companies are making their solutions available in the cloud or how cloud computing is the way forward, but not examining the characteristics, models, and services involved in understanding what cloud computing is and what it can become. This white paper introduces internet-based cloud computing, exploring the characteristics, service models, and deployment models in use today, as well as the benefits and challenges associated with cloud computing. Also discussed are the communications services in the cloud (including ways to access the cloud, such as web APIs and media control interfaces) and the importance of scalability and flexibility in a cloud-based environment. Also noted for businesses desiring to start using communication services, are the interface choices available, including Web 2.0 APIs, media control interfaces, Java interfaces, and XML based interfaces, catering to a wide range of application and service creation developers.

Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........................2 Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........................2 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................2 Service Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................3 Deployment Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................4 Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................5 Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................5 Communications in the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................6 Using the Communications Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....................6 Accessing through Web APIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....................6 Media Server Control Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................7 Communications Scalability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................7 Getting Started with Communications Services . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing .......................................................16 The Future of Cloud Computing ........................................................................................ .22 Hardware and software requirements for cloud computing ............................... 35

1. Introduction The process and possibilities of business has been radically affected and hugely expanded by continuously changing technological advances. For instance, the invention of printing press and the consequent ability to produce books in large numbers created new business of publishing. This in turn helped in organizing education and determined the structure of university. The invention of steam engine led to creation of transportation industry and the invention of aero plane created aviation industry and computers created industry of information. Something similar is ushering in the field of computing. Cloud computing is a business model that harnesses the web as the ultimate business platform. Cloud computing is impregnated with immense potential for array of practical applications. The model is expected make computing needs available via web on retail basis and is called cloud computing.

Cloud computing intends to make the Internet the ultimate home of all computing resources- storage, computations, applications and allow end user to available them in quantities of her choice, location of their preferences, for duration of their liking. In other world web become the provision store for all your computing needs. 2. What is CLOUD COMPUTING?

Why do I buy a computer when I use it for only few hours a week? Why do I buy a printer when I need printing occasionally? Is it possible to avail computing on need basis as it is possible in case of electricity or water? In other words, can I avail computing resources such as storage, application, and infrastructure as a utility? The answer is yes. And the name of model which is expected make computing available on retail basis is called cloud computing. Cloud computing intends to make the Internet the ultimate home of all computing resources- storage, computations, applications and allow end user (both individuals and business) to avail these resources in quantities of her choice, location of their preferences, for duration of their liking.

In other world web become the provision store for all your computing needs. A business model built on this paradigm offers these resources as services either on pay per use basis or rental basis. Cloud computing is a term used to describe both a platform and type of application. A cloud computing platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Servers in the cloud can be physical machines or virtual machines. Advanced clouds typically include other computing resources such as storage area networks (SANs), network equipment, firewall and other security devices. Cloud computing is an attractive paradigm that allows consumers to self-provision cloud-based resources, application services, development platforms and virtualized infrastructures. The benets associated with cloud computing are enormous; however, there still are numerous inherent issues due to the dynamic, virtualized, distributed and multi-tenant nature of the cloud environment. Some of the major concerns relate to the security and privacy of consumer data, interoperability and portability of services across different clouds, inappropriate service level agreements and lack of open standards as well as cloud provider and vendor lock-in. Although the technologies underlying the cloud paradigm have been in existence for some time, the frameworks and methodologies for construction, deployment and delivery of cloud services and environments are in the process of being further developed and rened. Newer approaches to such methodologies and mechanisms are required to ensure that the software developed is scalable and suitable for virtualized distributed environments, the deployment of platforms is secure and exhibits the inbuilt characteristic of multi-tenancy, there are clear open standards with respect

to the interoperability and portability across different clouds and the new breed of security threats that now exist due to the shared trust boundaries in the cloud environment are, at least, minimized. It is also important that the chosen frameworks and mechanisms are suitable and appropriate for the distributed and virtualized environments.

Everyone is talking about the cloud. But what does it mean? Business applications are moving to the cloud. Its not just a fadthe shift from traditional software models to the Internet has steadily gained momentum over the last 10 years. Looking ahead, the next decade of cloud computing promises new ways to collaborate everywhere, through mobile devices. Life before cloud computing Traditional business applications have always been very complicated and expensive. The amount and variety of hardware and software required to run them are daunting. You need a whole team of experts to install, configure, test, run, secure, and update them. When you multiply this effort across dozens or hundreds of apps, its easy to see why the biggest companies with the best IT departments arent getting the apps they need. Small and mid-sized businesses dont stand a chance. Cloud computing: a better way With cloud computing, you eliminate those headaches because youre not managing hardware and softwarethats the responsibility of an experienced vendor like salesforce.com. The shared infrastructure means it works like a utility: You only pay for what you need, upgrades are automatic, and scaling up or down is easy. Cloud-based apps can be up and running in days or weeks, and they cost less. With a cloud app, you just open a browser, log in, customize the app, and start using it. Businesses are running all kinds of apps in the cloud, like customer relationship management (CRM), HR, accounting, and much more. Some of the worlds largest companies moved their applications to the cloud with salesforce.com after

rigorously testing the security and reliability of our infrastructure. As cloud computing grows in popularity, thousands of companies are simply rebranding their non-cloud products and services as cloud computing. Always dig deeper when evaluating cloud offerings and keep in mind that if you have to buy and manage hardware and software, what youre looking at isnt really cloud computing but a false cloud. Cloud 2: Mobility and collaboration The latest innovations in cloud computing are making our business applications even more mobile and collaborative, similar to popular consumer apps like Facebook and Twitter. As consumers, we now expect that the information we care about will be pushed to us in real time, and business applications in the cloud are heading in that direction as well. With Cloud 2, keeping up with your work is as easy as keeping up with your personal life on Facebook.

3. Why cloud computing? Cloud computing infrastructure accelerates and fosters the adoption of innovations. Cloud computing can enable innovations. It alleviates the need of innovators to find resources to develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the innovation. Cloud computing helps leverage innovation as early as possible to deliver business value to a company and its customers. Cloud computing infrastructure allows enterprises to achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments. Cloud computing can increase profitability by improving resource utilization. Pooling resources into large clouds drives down costs and increases utilization by delivering resources only for as long as those resources are needed. Cloud computing allows individuals, teams, and organizations to streamline procurement processes and eliminate the need to

duplicate certain computer administrative skills related to setup, configuration, and support. 4. Cloud Computing: The Promise Cloud computing is the newest paradigm in the history of computing. It is made possible by a unique combination of facts: exponentially grown world wide web, reliable and broadband connectivity, phenomenal increase in online population both individuals and businesses, commoditized storage and processing power and increasing migration of businesses on to web platform. Cloud computing proposes to harness these factors in establishing a new paradigm in computing. It is a new order of computing. Cloud computing paradigm claims that it is possible and beneficial to make Internet or web as the home of all computing resources and to provide these resources to consumers as "utilities" on retail basis. It asserts that by using cloud model small business can take advantage of cost reductions. By availing cloud services, business can focus on its "core" issues. "The "cloud" represents the Internet: Instead of using software installed on your computer or saving data to your hard drive, you're working and storing stuff on the Web, in cyberspace. Data is kept on servers run by the service you're using, and tasks are performed in your browser using an interface provided by the service." Cloud Computing is the next step in the evolution of the Internet as a source of services. Its those services that users are interested in, not the underlying technologies. While most people have become accustomed to using services such as emailing or searching or shopping on the Internet, by extension, it makes sense that business technologies should be accessible in the same way. In other words, instead of installing packaged software applications on their computers, people and businesses will use their browsers to access a wide range of cloud services available on-demand over the Internet. As this transition accelerates, the IT industry has an opportunity to drive a quantum-leap improvement in the user experience. 5. Examples of cloud computing. Although most of us use cloud computing in one or the other form, we are not usually

aware of them. In this section we list some of the well known web services that are built using cloud infrastructure.

When Hotmail started offering free web-based email service in 1996, it represented first instance of cloud computing. Hotmail has all the features of cloud computing. The service is offered via web to the user, user data is stored in data centre and use remote servers; service is made available through a browser. Popular networking sites such as facebook, orkut, flickr offer services based on cloud computing. If all user want is to type a document and maybe include some basic formatting, you don't need all the power of a proprietary Microsoft Word you can simply log in to Google Docs another example of cloud computing in action. So far we listed services aimed at general users. However, cloud computing has far reaching implications for business in general. It gives the ability to run a geophysical modeling application on the most powerful systems available anywhere. It can be the ability to rent a virtual server, load software on it, turn it on and off at will, or clone it ten times to meet a sudden workload demand.

6. Cloud Computing is characteristics Cloud computing is characterized by the following * Dynamism It means that the system can expand and contact based on the needs of the application, at any point of time. It is this characteristic that allows cloud vendors to offer services in any degree of granularity. From the cloud consumer perspective becomes a "pay per use" model. * Abstraction The actual implementation is always hidden. The programmer or even the end users need never to worry about how and when of the system. This abstraction is achieved through what is known as "virtualization". Every resource can be subjected to virtualization. Storage, Operating system, platform are some of resources that be "abstracted" or "virtualized". * Resource-Sharing The resources are designed in such a manner that it can be shared. It is this feature that allows cloud providers to build massive scale resource pools and operate them cost effectively. Data centers are one example. * Platform Almost every cloud computing is build on one of the platforms. It makes things program specific. Although end user and interfaces are abstracted, at lowest level applications have been implemented on specific platforms and environments.

7. Cloud technologies and services Cloud paradigm has a huge potential. Cloud computing paradigm offers services broadly in the following categories. 1. Software as Service- Individuals and business can consumes applications such as CRM, Email, office work productivity applications that are offered as a service by a cloud vendor. Instead of buying software package in traditional form, individuals and businesses can buy software as a "service" as and when needed. For example, you may say one hour of Microsoft word time for preparing your documents or a company may buy it for a longer duration. It may be called as "retail" purchase of a service. Examples: Free: Gmail

Commercial: Salesforce.com`s SFA services, Google Office productivity applications. 2. Platform as a service: One can avail a platform of choice such as windows or Linux as a service and host company and launch its services on and from it. A service consumer r such an individual or a business can rent or avail an entire application development environment as a service. The consumer may then use this environment to develop and deploy applications. Example: Google App Engine, Application Server virtual images, Amazon Web Services, Boomi, Cast Iron, and Google App Engine. 3. Infrastructure as service: In this cloud vendor provides a complete infrastructure as needed by the consumer. This may include operating system environment, database system environment, and storage environment. The vendor takes responsibility for hosting and managing the infrastructure Example: Amazon EC2, Amazon SimpleDB. IBM Blue House, VMWare, Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun ParaScale Cloud Storage, and more. 8. Implications of Cloud computing Cloud computing paradigm has practical as well as theoretical implications at all levels: individuals through institutions to society at large. It has implications for academics, enterprises as well as to government. Let us consider them.

1 Implications for individuals Cloud computing 's idea of making web a central place to meet one's computing needs in "retail" formats opens up for an individual for a range of existing and upcoming services. Although now a common place free web based email services represents one of the earliest example of cloud computing service. This frees a common man from the clutches of institutional computing policies and helps him have life long digital presence on the web. Freely available but industrial strength services such on-line docs, emails already have put an ordinary person on par with a company in terms of access to products and services. 2. Implications for entrepreneurs The Cloud opens a new world of entrepreneurial opportunities, not just to those in the industrialized world, but also to emerging economies across the globe, including three billion new capitalists from China, India, Brazil, and the former Soviet Union. Individuals will be able to use one of the worlds largest supercomputers, without having to house it, manage it, power

it, administer it, provision it or buy it. So far businesses have oriented their services on a global basis. Cloud computing, because of its distributed nature of resources may help them consider "local" approaches. 3. Implications for business Cloud computing heralds a new business opportunity for business in two distinct domains. The domains are service providing and service consumer. As a service provider on cloud platform business can extend the range of their services. For instance software service providers can extend their existing service portfolios or transform them into cloud consumers. For instance, a user who has bought MS Word package and is currently using it on her desktop may be allowed to upgrade it to newer version as a cloud service. On the other hand, a service consumer of cloud computing, a business can have cost advantages and also focus on "core" processes. Cloud Computing makes it possible to create new business operations platforms that will allow companies to change their business models and collaborate in powerful new ways with their customers, suppliers and trading partners stuff that simply could not be done before. 4. Implications for academics and research Cloud computing is a new environment. As such, it demands a new approach in almost all fronts. It needs a different kind of databases, security mechanism, algorithms locate widely scattered database and search within them.

9. Cloud computing models

The Cloud comprises three aspects:

Cloud computing a design pattern that enables selfservice automation, scaling, flexing, variable costs, and rich data analytics; Cloud Platforms, the tools, programming and information models, supporting software run-time components, and related technologies. Platforms facilitate implementing Cloud Services that depend on the Cloud Computing design pattern to meet their requirements, particularly those related to cost; Cloud Services, a delivery model for information services.

10. Cloud computing architecture

Cloud computing paradigm like any other needs an infrastructure to build and deliver services. However, it is more an evolution than a revolution. Existing technologies such a grid computing, utility computing, adaptive computing constitute the infrastructure leading to cloud computing. Other technologies that underpin cloud computing include virtualization, data centre etc. 11. Advantages of Cloud Computing Cloud computing has a true potential to offer a series of benefits to both cloud vendors and cloud service consumers. Business needs as reason for using cloud services. Here is a brief list. Today business systems contain a lot of technological components. Building and using technological components may drive business away from its "core" activities. Cloud computing comes as a rescue for such businesses that can define a set of technological components that can be availed as services.

1. Improve cost structures Cost reduction remains the single most concern of any business. Cost reductions in building and running IT components form a major part of cost structure for any business. Meeting those IT needs via cloud service may come as a boon to many enterprises. 2. Dealing with change Keeping in tune with rapid technological by way of regular up gradation poses serious challenges for business. Cloud vendors because of their scale of operations and wide client base always ensure that technological developments are integrated into their service portfolios at the earliest. In addition to above, scalability, security etc which are constant concern of every business can be well managed by way of using cloud services 3. Focus on core By availing cloud service in areas where it has not core value proposition, a company can keep its key personnel can focus more on producing value and innovation for the business.

12. Who can use Cloud computing?

Cloud computing paradigm and its range of services is potential enough to wide range of services and can meet the needs of business of all sizes and variety. Here are examples. 1. Cloud computing in start ups: Start up companies needs industrial strength and contemporary technological infrastructure to commence their service offerings. However, investing upfront for that infrastructure may be prohibitively expensive or even may be risky. Cloud vendors can provide them with minimal infrastructure set up and allow them to scale up as they go further. 2. Cloud computing in companies with existing IT infrastructure. A rapidly growing company may be stretching its current IT resources to the limit. Planning and procuring additional technologies cost in terms of time and investments. Cloud vendor can offer technology as well as software as service to the company in scalable fashion. This helps company to buy in required quantities and pay only for that.

Cloud computing is all the rage. "It's become the phrase du jour," says Gartner senior analyst Ben Pring, echoing many of his peers. The problem is that (as with Web 2.0) everyone seems to have a different definition. As a metaphor for the Internet, "the cloud" is a familiar clich, but when combined with "computing," the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts and vendors define cloud computing narrowly as an updated version of utility computing: basically virtual servers available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything you consume outside the firewall is "in the cloud," including conventional outsourcing. [ Stay on top of the state of the cloud with InfoWorld's "Cloud Computing Deep Dive" special report. Download it today! | Also check out our "Private Cloud Deep Dive," our "Cloud Security Deep Dive," our "Cloud Storage Deep Dive," and our "Cloud Services Deep Dive." ] Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.Cloud computing is at an early stage, with a motley crew of providers large and small delivering a slew of cloud-based services, from full-blown applications to storage services to spam filtering. Yes, utility-style infrastructure providers are part of the mix, but so are SaaS (software as a service) providers such as Salesforce.com. Today, for the most part, IT must plug into cloud-based services individually, but cloud computing aggregators and integrators are already emerging. InfoWorld talked to dozens of vendors, analysts, and IT customers to tease out the various components of cloud computing. Based on those discussions, here's a rough breakdown of what cloud computing is all about:

1. SaaS This type of cloud computing delivers a single application through the browser to thousands of customers using a multitenant architecture. On the customer side, it means no upfront investment in servers or software licensing; on the provider side, with just one app to maintain, costs are low compared to conventional hosting. Salesforce.com is by far the best-known example among enterprise applications, but SaaS is also common for HR apps and has even worked its way up the food chain to ERP, with players such as Workday. And who could have predicted the sudden rise of SaaS "desktop" applications, such as Google Apps and Zoho Office? 2. Utility computing The idea is not new, but this form of cloud computing is getting new life from Amazon.com, Sun, IBM, and others who now offer storage and virtual servers that IT can access on demand. Early enterprise adopters mainly use utility computing for supplemental, non-mission-critical needs, but one day, they may replace parts of the datacenter. Other providers offer solutions that help IT create virtual datacenters from commodity servers, such as 3Tera's AppLogic and Cohesive Flexible Technologies' Elastic Server on Demand. Liquid Computing's LiquidQ offers similar capabilities, enabling IT to stitch together memory, I/O, storage, and computational capacity as a virtualized resource pool available over the network. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

Introduction Cloud computing refers to the use of computing resources, those being hardware and/or software) that reside on a remote machine and are delivered to the end user as a service over a network, with the most prevalent example being the internet. By definition, a user entrusts his data to a remote service, on which has limited to no influence.

When it first appeared as a term and a concept, a lot of critics dismissed it as being the latest tech fad. However, cloud computing managed to cut through the hype and truly shift the paradigm of how IT is done nowadays. The Cloud has achieved cutting costs for enterprises and helping users focus on their core business instead of being obstructed by IT issues. For this reason, it seems that it is here to stay for the immediate future. Categories of Cloud Computing There are mainly four models of cloud computing:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS) Network as a Service (Naas)

Lets discuss those in more detail. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): This is the most basic cloudservice model, which provides the user with virtual infrastructure, for example servers and data storage space. Virtualization plays a major role in this mode, by allowing IaaScloud providers to supply resources on-demand extracting them from their large pools installed in data centers. Platform as a Service (PaaS): In this model, cloud providers deliver to the user development environment services where the user can develop and run in-house built applications. The services might include an operating system, a programming language execution environment, databases and web servers. Software as a Service (SaaS): In this model, the cloud provides the user with access to already developer applications that are running in the cloud. The access is achieved by cloud clients and the cloud users do not manage the infrastructure where the application resides, eliminating with this the way the need to install and run the application on the cloud users own computers.

Network as a Service (Naas): The least common model, where the user is provided with network connectivity services, such as VPN and bandwidth on demand. Advantages of Cloud Computing Cloud computing offers numerous advantages both to end users and businesses of all sizes. The obvious huge advantage is that you no more have to support the infrastructure or have the knowledge necessary to develop and maintain the infrastructure, development environment or application, as were things up until recently. The burden has been lifted and someone else is taking care of all that. Business are now able to focus on their core business by outsourcing all the hassle of IT infrastructure. Lets visit some of the most important advantages of cloud computing and discuss them in more detail. Those will include both a companys and an end-users perspective. Cost Efficiency This is the biggest advantage of cloud computing, achieved by the elimination of the investment in stand-alone software or servers. By leveraging clouds capabilities, companies can save on licensing fees and at the same time eliminate overhead charges such as the cost of data storage, software updates, management etc. The cloud is in general available at much cheaper rates than traditional approaches and can significantly lower the overall IT expenses. At the same time, convenient and scalable charging models have emerged (such as one-time-payment and pay-asyou-go), making the cloud even more attractive. If you want to get more technical and analytical, cloud computing delivers a better cash flow by eliminating the capital expense (CAPEX) associated with developing and maintaining the server infrastructure.

Convenience and continuous availability Public clouds offer services that are available wherever the end user might be located. This approach enables easy access to information and accommodates the needs of users in different time zones and geographic locations. As a side benefit, collaboration booms since it is now easier than ever to access, view and modify shared documents and files. Moreover, service uptime is in most cases guaranteed, providing in that way continuous availability of resources. The various cloud vendors typically use multiple servers for maximum redundancy. In case of system failure, alternative instances are automatically spawned on other machines. Backup and Recovery The process of backing up and recovering data is simplified since those now reside on the cloud and not on a physical device. The various cloud providers offer reliable and flexible backup/recovery solutions. In some cases, the cloud itself is used solely as a backup repository of the data located in local computers. Cloud is environmentally friendly The cloud is in general more efficient than the typical IT infrastructure and It takes fewer resources to compute, thus saving energy. For example, when servers are not used, the infrastructure normally scales down, freeing up resources and consuming less power. At any moment, only the resources that are truly needed are consumed by the system. Resiliency and Redundancy A cloud deployment is usually built on a robust architecture thus providing resiliency and redundancy to its users. The cloud offers automatic failover between hardware platforms out of the box, while disaster recovery services are also often included.

Scalability and Performance Scalability is a built-in feature for cloud deployments. Cloud instances are deployed automatically only when needed and as a result, you pay only for the applications and data storage you need. Hand in hand, also comes elasticity, since clouds can be scaled to meet your changing IT system demands. Regarding performance, the systems utilize distributed architectures which offer excellent speed of computations. Again, it is the providers responsibility to ensure that your services run on cutting edge machinery. Instances can be added instantly for improved performance and customers have access to the total resources of the clouds core hardware via their dashboards. Quick deployment and ease of integration A cloud system can be up and running in a very short period, making quick deployment a key benefit. On the same aspect, the introduction of a new user in the system happens instantaneously, eliminating waiting periods. Furthermore, software integration occurs automatically and organically in cloud installations. A business is allowed to choose the services and applications that best suit their preferences, while there is minimum effort in customizing and integrating those applications. Increased Storage Capacity The cloud can accommodate and store much more data compared to a personal computer and in a way offers almost unlimited storage capacity. It eliminates worries about running out of storage space and at the same time It spares businesses the need to upgrade their computer hardware, further reducing the overall IT cost. Device Diversity and Location Independence Cloud computing services can be accessed via a plethora of electronic devices that are able to have access to the internet.

These devices include not only the traditional PCs, but also smartphones, tablets etc. With the cloud, the Bring your own device (BYOD) policy can be easily adopted, permitting employees to bring personally owned mobile devices to their workplace. An end-user might decide not only which device to use, but also where to access the service from. There is no limitation of place and medium. We can access our applications and data anywhere in the world, making this method very attractive to people. Cloud computing is in that way especially appealing to international companies as it offers the flexibility for its employees to access company files wherever they are. Smaller learning curve Cloud applications usually entail smaller learning curves since people are quietly used to them. Users find it easier to adopt them and come up to speed much faster. Main examples of this are applications like GMail and Google Docs. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing As made clear from the above, cloud computing is a tool that offers enormous benefits to its adopters. However, being a tool, it also comes with its set of problems and inefficiencies. Lets address the most significant ones. Security and privacy in the Cloud Security is the biggest concern when it comes to cloud computing. By leveraging a remote cloud based infrastructure, a company essentially gives away private data and information, things that might be sensitive and confidential. It is then up to the cloud service provider to manage, protect and retain them, thus the providers reliability is very critical. A companys existence might be put in jeopardy, so all possible alternatives should be explored before a decision. On the same note, even end users might feel uncomfortable surrendering their data to a third party.

Similarly, privacy in the cloud is another huge issue. Companies and users have to trust their cloud service vendors that they will protect their data from unauthorized users. The various stories of data loss and password leakage in the media does not help to reassure some of the most concerned users. Dependency and vendor lock-in One of the major disadvantages of cloud computing is the implicit dependency on the provider. This is what the industry calls vendor lock-in since it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to migrate from a provider once you have rolled with him. If a user wishes to switch to some other provider, then it can be really painful and cumbersome to transfer huge data from the old provider to the new one. This is another reason why you should carefully and thoroughly contemplate all options when picking a vendor. Technical Difficulties and Downtime Certainly the smaller business will enjoy not having to deal with the daily technical issues and will prefer handing those to an established IT company, however you should keep in mind that all systems might face dysfunctions from time to time. Outage and downtime is possible even to the best cloud service providers, as the past has shown. Additionally, you should remember that the whole setup is dependent on internet access, thus any network or connectivity problems will render the setup useless. As a minor detail, also keep in mind that it might take several minutes for the cloud to detect a server fault and launch a new instance from an image snapshot. Limited control and flexibility Since the applications and services run on remote, third party virtual environments, companies and users have limited control over the function and execution of the hardware and software. Moreover, since remote software is being used, it usually lacks the features of an application running locally.

Increased Vulnerability Related to the security and privacy mentioned before, note that cloud based solutions are exposed on the public internet and are thus a more vulnerable target for malicious users and hackers. Nothing on the Internet is completely secure and even the biggest players suffer from serious attacks and security breaches. Due to the interdependency of the system, If there is a compromise one one of the machines that data is stored, there might be a leakage of personal information to the world. Conclusion Despite its disadvantages and the fact that it is still in an infant age, cloud computing remains strong and has great potential for the future. Its user base grows constantly and more big players are attracted to it, offering better and more fine tuned services and solutions. We can only hope that the advantages will further grow and the disadvantages will be mitigated, since cloud computing seems to have made IT a little bit easier. Happy cloud computing! Pre-selected cloud hardware: Cloud-in-a-box If you would prefer to invest in specially selected, optimised cloud computing hardware, then please see details of our cloud-in-a-box solution. In partnership with Very PC, we offer complete hardware and software solutions, carefully optimised to run ElasticStack with the best price/performance. See more about cloud-in-a-box solutions. Self-selected hardware The minimum cluster required for our turnkey cloud platform is one virtualization host, one management server and a single switch - so the entry point for hardware investment is very low. Extra virtualization hosts can be added at any time after the cluster has been set up. This means that you can enter the

cloud market on a small scale initially, and scale up easily as required. We handle all installation and management of our cloud platform on your hardware as part of our fully managed operations.

Cooling hardware for cloud data centers Cloud data centers have the luxury of being able to engineer the way systems (boards, chips, and more) are cooled. When systems are cooled via air conditioning, they require

tremendous amounts of power. However, purpose-built cloud data centers can be engineered to be cooled by water, for example (which is 3,000 times more efficient than air in cooling equipment). CPU, memory, and local disk equipment in cloud computing centers Traditional data tends to be filled with a lot of surplus equipment (either to support unanticipated workloads or because an application or process wasnt engineered to be efficient). Surplus memory, CPUs, and disks take up valuable space and, of course, they need to be cooled. The cloud data center typically supports self-service provisioning of resources so capacity is added only when you need it. Data storage and networking in cloud data centers Data storage and networking need to be managed collectively if theyre going to be efficient. This problem has complicated the way the traditional data centers have been managed, and has forced organizations to buy a lot of additional hardware and software. The cloud data center can be engineered to overcome this problem. The cloud knows where its data needs to be because it is so efficient in the way it manages workloads. Its actually engineered to manage data efficiently. Redundancy in data center hardware Data centers must always move data around the network for backup and disaster recovery. Traditional data centers support so many different workloads that many approaches to backup and recovery have to be taken. This makes backing up and recovering data complicated and expensive. The cloud, in contrast, is designed to handle data workloads consistently. Software embedded within the data center Theres a lot of talk about software in the context of applications, but a considerable amount of software is linked at a systems level. This type of system level software is a big cost

in the traditional data center simply because there are so many more workloads with so many operating systems and related software elements. Cloud data centers have fewer elements because they have simpler workloads. There are some differences in how software costs are managed depending on the type of cloud model. Cloud providers understand these costs well and design their offerings to maximize revenue. It will help you understand pricing by understanding the cost factors for each of the models. The Future of Cloud Computing Cloud computing has been called the way of the future. It opens doors by making applications and technology more accessible than in previous years. Companies that would normally require enormous amounts of startup capital may only need a fraction of what was previously required to succeed. Currently, if the company can afford it, then they can have access to the full Microsoft Suite, ERP applications, CRM applications, accounting software, and a host of other applications that will improve productivity within a company. The past of cloud computing is bright, but the future of cloud computing is even brighter. Here is what you may need to know about trends in cloud computing. Proactive Application Monitoring Proactive application monitoring technology is currently available, but predictive technology and software will soon make this more robust and accurate. Companies will be able to foresee disaster and avert it, mitigating damage to their systems. This will prevent downtime and make the company safer. Technology to Ensure Uptime Companies need uptime guarantees. With low-power processors, data centers will become more affordable, allowing

companies to acquire seven to ten data centers around the world in different time zones and thereby allowing them to guarantee 99.9 percent uptime. This will keep companies from losing money and falling prey to their competitors. In the future, this concern will be near obsolete. Because of this, many small hosting companies like GloboTech Communications are offering cloud services to ensure better uptime, while big players like Hivelocity and Amazon are also leveraging this new technology. Cloud Computings Role in Disaster Recovery and Remote Access Cloud computing enables and enhances remote access and faster disaster recovery. When companies have an emergency information security strategy with security penetration tests, companies can maintain their competitive edge within their respective industries. With cloud computing, some companies that didnt recognize a breach may recover within minutes instead of hours. Losing proprietary data can cripple a company and even cause doors to close. Every company should migrate to cloud computing for this reason. Cloud Computing Becoming More Robust Cloud computing is becoming more about fit and function than about the hype surrounding the new technology. Most companies can benefit from cloud computing, but some companies have suffered failed projects during the migration phase because the technology is still in the developmental stages. Typically, migrations fail because of inaccurate or missing data. Data accuracy must be ensured to avoid catastrophe or business interruption. Service providers must ensure that the migration of all data occurs without mishap. Technicians can still make configuration mistakes that compromise the safety of company data. In the future, migrations will be seamless, and technology will be more robust.

The Ability to Validate Identities through Trusts In the future, cloud security systems will be able to validate identities through a centralized trust. Identity-based security is thought to be more secure than current forms of security. More people will begin to trust cloud computing when this happens. Centralized Data is the Future in Cloud Computing Centralized data is expected in abundance in the future of cloud computing. This allows companies to create huge databases. Patient care can be improved with centralized data in huge databases. Better stock market decisions are also possible. Centralized data is a way of the future. More Capability Mobile devices that rely on the cloud will become more powerful and thinner because all applications will be webbased. All mobile devices will store data that resides in the cloud, and designers can add more capability and lower costs of the phone. One example of this concept is Apples iCloud. Hybrid Cloud Computing Increases Efficiency Hybrid cloud computing is expected to help businesses become more efficient by optimizing business process performance. Businesses are excited about hybrid cloud computing because it enhances internal infrastructure and applications. The ability to scale the strengths of local networks and cloud computing is coveted by designers.

Mobile Optimization for Cloud Services Mobile commerce is on the rise. Cloud computing applications require fewer resources and are recommended for mobile devices. Accessibility is increased because fewer resources are required. This is why cloud computing is recommended for business and personal applications. Commodity Hardware Pundits predict that by 2020, low-cost hardware will make it easier to configure advanced data centers capable of complex algorithms at fast speeds. This will increase uptimes and improve user satisfaction. In fact, some pundits commented that servers and storage devices will look like replaceable sleds. Low-Power Processors Low power processors are expected to lower the cost of operation in large data centers. Users can expect to reduce electricity bills significantly. Low-power ARM chips will make this possible in the upcoming year. With 64-bit capability, uptake should be accelerated. These low-power ARM chips will be used in conjunction with RISC chips and enterprise software to yield an economical and environmentally-friendly solution. Faster Interconnects Cloud computing is still in its infancy stage. By 2020, cloud computing is expected to be a permanent solution in many organizations. Data centers will be automated and will support scalable software architecture. Cloud Computing Will Help Businesses Optimize Their Investments Cloud computing can help companies optimize investments and scale operations. In the future, new low-power processors and other chip technology will help businesses operate to their full IT capacity. With more innovation, greater revenue potential is

possible. Companies can re-invest in their products and services with higher profit margins. Scaling investments will also lead to greater operational agility. Efficient business models are also possible with cloud computing. With greater efficiency, companies can bring innovative and superior products to market faster than competitors. Better Overall Security and Assumed Reliability Currently, designers are working hard to ensure people that cloud computing is the way of the future. It will be the preferred method of hosting applications, platforms, and services. By 2020, it will no longer be a topic of discussion, and experts will be more concerned with how companies can use big data to solve complex problems with cloud computing than with convincing people of its usefulness. Data center physical security is just as important as data encryption. While minimum encryption regulations may be increased from the current 256-bit SSL, physical access to data center facilities may require biometric scans in addition to electronic pass. These facilities will also be protected by advanced alarm systems. In addition to physical security, firewall and VPN technology will be improved to protect data transfer. New firewall policies, although not fully defined, will limit VPN traffic to specific IP addresses and ports. With upgraded firmware, breaches will be less likely to occur. What is the Future of Cloud Computing? The future of cloud computing is bright for the companies that implement the technology now. While these are some trends that are expected in the future, the future is not limited to these trends. Remain abreast of the latest developments to help your company maintain a competitive advantage. This will make your company more profitable and productive when it can complete tasks faster and more efficiently than the

competition. If Google's executive chairman Eric Schmidt is right, then the future of the cloud is of universal concern. In a recent post for the official Google blog, Schmidt suggested that cloud adoption will soon become not a subject of debate but a matter of fact - and that IT departments should embrace the change. "Today, moving to the cloud is not a questionable proposition it's inevitable," Schmidt wrote. "This is good news for IT staff, who don't need to spend time maintaining servers and installing upgrades, and also for employees, since the cloud makes it easy to collaborate and get more stuff done quickly." Should Schmidt turn out to be correct about the inevitability of moving to the cloud, then the nature of its services is sure to undergo considerable growth and change in the future. Cloud Tech recently suggested that in a world where cloud technology and software-as-a-service (SaaS) solutions become even more widespread, companies will choose to adopt the cloud for different reasons than they do now. The news source cited International Data Corporation Vice President and Chief Analyst Frank Gens' prediction that investment in the cloud will be driven not by the desire to increase efficiency and cut costs, but by the competitive advantage that cutting-edge cloud technologies will afford companies. In a column for Forbes, Joe Weinman predicted that just as heterogeneous technologies and service providers operate through the Internet today, the future may see the rise of the Intercloud, whereby different cloud providers will essentially be offering customers access to the same network. Weinman emphasized that companies in the field should embrace the change if and when it comes. "Cloud providers will likely benefit from greater customer flexibility to migrate workloads and data to competitors, by eliminating fear of lock-in as a barrier to cloud adoption," he wrote.

If Weinman is correct about the Intercloud, companies will be able to choose a provider based on how it meets their unique needs, including cloud-based data and email security. Calderon-Asselin Cloud computing has been called the way of the future. It opens doors by making applications and technology more accessible than in previous years. Companies that would normally require enormous amounts of startup capital may only need a fraction of what was previously required to succeed. Currently, if the company can afford it, then they can have access to the full Microsoft Suite, ERP applications, CRM applications, accounting software, and a host of other applications that will improve productivity within a company. The past of cloud computing is bright, but the future of cloud computing is even brighter. Here is what you may need to know about trends in cloud computing. Proactive Application Monitoring Proactive application monitoring technology is currently available, but predictive technology and software will soon make this more robust and accurate. Companies will be able to foresee disaster and avert it, mitigating damage to their systems. This will prevent downtime and make the company safer. Technology to Ensure Uptime Companies need uptime guarantees. With low-power processors, data centers will become more affordable, allowing companies to acquire seven to ten data centers around the world in different time zones and thereby allowing them to guarantee 99.9 percent uptime. This will keep companies from losing money and falling prey to their competitors. In the future, this concern will be near obsolete. Because of this, many small hosting companies like GloboTech Communications are offering cloud services to ensure better uptime, while big

players like Hivelocity and Amazon are also leveraging this new technology. Cloud Computings Role in Disaster Recovery and Remote Access Cloud computing enables and enhances remote access and faster disaster recovery. When companies have an emergency information security strategy with security penetration tests, companies can maintain their competitive edge within their respective industries. With cloud computing, some companies that didnt recognize a breach may recover within minutes instead of hours. Losing proprietary data can cripple a company and even cause doors to close. Every company should migrate to cloud computing for this reason. Cloud Computing Becoming More Robust Cloud computing is becoming more about fit and function than about the hype surrounding the new technology. Most companies can benefit from cloud computing, but some companies have suffered failed projects during the migration phase because the technology is still in the developmental stages. Typically, migrations fail because of inaccurate or missing data. Data accuracy must be ensured to avoid catastrophe or business interruption. Service providers must ensure that the migration of all data occurs without mishap. Technicians can still make configuration mistakes that compromise the safety of company data. In the future, migrations will be seamless, and technology will be more robust. The Ability to Validate Identities through Trusts In the future, cloud security systems will be able to validate identities through a centralized trust. Identity-based security is thought to be more secure than current forms of security.

More people will begin to trust cloud computing when this happens. Centralized Data is the Future in Cloud Computing Centralized data is expected in abundance in the future of cloud computing. This allows companies to create huge databases. Patient care can be improved with centralized data in huge databases. Better stock market decisions are also possible. Centralized data is a way of the future. More Capability Mobile devices that rely on the cloud will become more powerful and thinner because all applications will be webbased. All mobile devices will store data that resides in the cloud, and designers can add more capability and lower costs of the phone. One example of this concept is Apples iCloud. Hybrid Cloud Computing Increases Efficiency Hybrid cloud computing is expected to help businesses become more efficient by optimizing business process performance. Businesses are excited about hybrid cloud computing because it enhances internal infrastructure and applications. The ability to scale the strengths of local networks and cloud computing is coveted by designers.

Mobile Optimization for Cloud Services Mobile commerce is on the rise. Cloud computing applications require fewer resources and are recommended for mobile

devices. Accessibility is increased because fewer resources are required. This is why cloud computing is recommended for business and personal applications. Commodity Hardware Pundits predict that by 2020, low-cost hardware will make it easier to configure advanced data centers capable of complex algorithms at fast speeds. This will increase uptimes and improve user satisfaction. In fact, some pundits commented that servers and storage devices will look like replaceable sleds. Low-Power Processors Low power processors are expected to lower the cost of operation in large data centers. Users can expect to reduce electricity bills significantly. Low-power ARM chips will make this possible in the upcoming year. With 64-bit capability, uptake should be accelerated. These low-power ARM chips will be used in conjunction with RISC chips and enterprise software to yield an economical and environmentally-friendly solution. Faster Interconnects Cloud computing is still in its infancy stage. By 2020, cloud computing is expected to be a permanent solution in many organizations. Data centers will be automated and will support scalable software architecture. Cloud Computing Will Help Businesses Optimize Their Investments Cloud computing can help companies optimize investments and scale operations. In the future, new low-power processors and other chip technology will help businesses operate to their full IT capacity. With more innovation, greater revenue potential is possible. Companies can re-invest in their products and services with higher profit margins. Scaling investments will also lead to greater operational agility.

Efficient business models are also possible with cloud computing. With greater efficiency, companies can bring innovative and superior products to market faster than competitors. Better Overall Security and Assumed Reliability Currently, designers are working hard to ensure people that cloud computing is the way of the future. It will be the preferred method of hosting applications, platforms, and services. By 2020, it will no longer be a topic of discussion, and experts will be more concerned with how companies can use big data to solve complex problems with cloud computing than with convincing people of its usefulness. Data center physical security is just as important as data encryption. While minimum encryption regulations may be increased from the current 256-bit SSL, physical access to data center facilities may require biometric scans in addition to electronic pass. These facilities will also be protected by advanced alarm systems. In addition to physical security, firewall and VPN technology will be improved to protect data transfer. New firewall policies, although not fully defined, will limit VPN traffic to specific IP addresses and ports. With upgraded firmware, breaches will be less likely to occur.

hardware and software requirements for cloud computing

1. Business and financial skills: Cloud computing proponents need to be able to make the business case for a cloud deployment, or to nix a cloud project that doesnt meet these needs. They also need to be able to build a return on investment (ROI) case, and monitor and make

judgment calls on metrics based on business performance versus the costs of supporting or subscribing to the cloud. Cloud computing is very much a powerful business tool, and business-savvy evangelists are needed to make it work for enterprises. 2. Technical skills: While the types and extent of skills required on staff will depend on how much of the cloud will be built and managed in-house, theres no question that the ability to build applications that can run quickly on the Internet prevail. The knowledge base would need to be heavily focused on Internet capabilities. Java and. NET framework skills may come to the forefront, as well as knowledge of virtualization. Knowledge of open-source tools and languages may also come into play as well. 3. Enterprise architecture and business needs analysis: Essential for laying out a roadmap of what services whether they are coming from IT or an outside provider will be needed. Able to work with the business, speak the language of business, as well as work with IT professionals. An understanding of the principles of service-oriented architecture would go a long way. 4. Project management skills: Project management skills have been a necessity for some time with IT projects, which require marshaling people and a variety of resources from across the enterprise to agree on goals, establish timelines, and meet milestones in a timely manner. Unfortunately, as any IT veteran knows all too well, user preferences change, more deliverables are added and padded into the project (scope creep), and projects end up being delivered behind deadline and over budget. Since cloud computing offers end-users the potential to run wild with new requests for services, effective project management skills are needed to keep cloud projects from eventually costing far more than the on-premises systems they were designed to replace. 5. Contract and vendor negotiation: Working with cloud providers, able to negotiate service-level agreements, availability. Able to read the fine print in vendors contracts and call them on the carpet when things arent performing as planned. Who will step up to the plate and make the right noise when a cloud service goes down or is

habitually underperforming? Cloud makes vendors omnipresent in day-to-day operations, so individuals with training or savvy with vendor negotiating skills will be a must. 6. Security and compliance: An understanding of security protocols is essential, no matter what type of cloud is being deployed. Related to this is an understanding of mandates and regulations such as Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA, and the myriad of data-handling laws from the European Union to states within the United States. 7. Data integration and analysis skills: Data is more valuable than oil in todays economy. But having actionable information on which to base business decision requires consistency and timeliness. Will data generated through cloud-based systems mesh seamlessly with onpremises ERP, data warehouse or other systems? Data professionals are in strong demand, and those who can design systems that can ingest Big Data from the cloud, or use the cloud to provide analytical environments. 8. Mobile app development and management: The rise of mobile devices in the workplace is part and parcel of the cloud phenomenon. In many cases, the move to cloud computing is being driven by the need to provide services that can be accessed by any and all devices, be they laptops or smartphones. There is strong demand for professionals who can build and deliver apps that can reside in the cloud and reach employees, partners and customers anywhere and anytime.

13. Conclusions

In this presentation we provided a brief introduction to the emerging field of cloud computing. Cloud computing is way of provisioning computing resources on need basis. The paper showed the potential uses of cloud computing are many and every kind of user can benefits from it. Cloud computing needs to be explored further to extend its usefulness.

14. References 1. www.google.com 2. Cloud computing by Andy Bechtolsheim. 3.Cloud complete survey by F5 networks. 4. http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ 5. dastikop.blogspot.com