SPECIFICATION FOR FIRE AND SAFETY SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 1.0 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................2 2.0 CODES AND COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................2 3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................................3 4.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................................................3

1.0

SCOPE This Specification covers the design and application of safety systems and associated equipment for an offshore platform and onshore facility. The design, material, fabrication, inspection and testing requirements for individual system and equipment items outlined in this Specification shall be specified in a separate Specification for the particular system and associated equipment, as referenced in item 2.3 below.

2.0

CODES AND COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS The requirements and recommendations of the latest revision of the following listed Codes, Standards and COMPANY's General Specifications shall apply. 2.1 Codes National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 10 11 13 15 16 17 20 70 72A Portable Fire Extinguishers Foam Extinguishing System Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection Standard for the Installation of Deluge Foam - Water Sprinkler System and Foam - Water Spray Systems Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps National Electrical Code Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Local Protective Signaling Systems for Guard's Tour, Fire Alarm and Supervisory Service Standard on Automatic Fire Detectors Fire Hose Fire Hose Connections

72E 1961 1963 2.2 Basis of Design

Environmental Data Basis of Design Safety Plan Basis of Design Fire Protection Philosophy 2.3 General Specifications AFFF Fire Fighting Unit Dry Chemical Fire Fighting Unit Deluge Valves Sprinklers and Monitors Portable Fire Fighting Equipment Fire Detection System Pneumatic Piping Materials and Valves

Fire Water Pump - Diesel Driven 3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 The purpose of this Specification and referenced codes, standards and general specifications is to establish a minimum level of acceptable quality. Alternate standard design of equal or superior quality may be proposed; provided all exceptions are listed and written approval for all exceptions is obtained from COMPANY. Equipment supplied shall be of a standard model or series in regular production in the Vendor's facilities.

3.2 4.0

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 4.1 General a. For production facilities, fire fighting shall be by dry chemicals in combination with firewater and AFFF. Dry chemicals will be applied using fixed nozzles or hose reels, and firewater and AFFF will be applied using fixed nozzles (fire water only), hose reels or monitors. In addition to the above mentioned systems, portable CO2 and portable and semi portable dry chemical fire extinguishers shall also be provided. All system design and equipment location shall comply with the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). All equipment shall be FM approved, UL listed, or equivalent.

b. c. 4.2

Design Requirements for Hazard Protection Systems 4.2.1 Explosion sources and protection a. Explosive gas can accumulate on or in the vicinity of an offshore platform from the following sources: Operational sources, such as rupture of a gas line or pressure vessel, a gland leak, an emission from an instrument gas vent, or emissions from process vents. Drilling fluid. This source includes both the emissions from oil - base mud and the entrained gases brought to the surface by the drilling fluid from the formation being drilled. Miscellaneous failures of equipment or fittings which process, store, or transport hydrocarbon gas or liquid.

b. The basic design requirements for providing protection from explosive gas accumulations include the following measures: Adequate explosion ventilation equipment shall be provided for enclosures to expel unburned gases and the products of combustion before excessive overpressures or concentrations develop in the enclosures. Fuel sources shall be isolated (shut-in) as soon as an unacceptable level of gas is detected. Facilities shall be provided for de-pressuring production equipment to minimize fuel release. The de-pressuring of production equipment is not required on process shut-downs.

4.2.2

Gas detection equipment shall be provided to give an early warning of gas accumulations. Regardless of the type and size of a fire, protection design requirements shall be based on the concept of rapid-fire detection, elimination of the fuel source, and automatic or manual fire extinguishing, depending on the location and potential magnitude of the fire. Water may be used in fighting fires on offshore and onshore platforms. Water shall be used to cool affected structures to prevent permanent deformation of structural members and to cool adjacent structures. Water also shall be used to reduce the likelihood of an explosion of a pressure vessel by cooling the vessel's contents and reducing the chances of rapid liquid and/or gas expansion. In addition to water, dry chemical shall provide a means of extinguishing fire. Fire classification can be describe as follows: Class A Fires Fire in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics. Class B Fires Fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases. Class C Fires Fires that involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical non-conductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance. (When electrical equipment is de-energized, fire extinguishers for Class A or Class B fires can be used safely.) Class D Fires Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium. Class K Fires Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media. (vegetable or animal oils and fats). Foam shall be provided for special applications, such as blanketing liquid spills.

Fire sources and protection a.

b.

c.

Design requirements necessary to provide an individual system with adequate fire detection and fire protection capabilities shall depend on several factors. These factors are the extent of the fire hazard and potential danger to personnel and property. An analysis of the factors shall determine whether a particular installation represents a low, medium, or high fire risk. Overall fire risk shall dictate the quantity and type of fire detection and protection equipment required. Risk factors to be considered are : Personnel safety factor, which shall consider the level of fire protection provided for personnel.

Consequential loss factor, which shall include the potential for delaying production revenue loss and actual permanent or temporary loss of reserves from a field. Probability of occurrence factor, which shall include fire hazards and potential danger inherent in equipment present on plant and standards, practices in maintaining equipment. Containment factor, which shall include fire hazards and potential dangers inherent in location and quantities of gas hydrocarbons and other flammable materials present at the plan.

4.3

Shutdowns 4.3.1 General Logic diagrams or cause-and-effect charts shall be developed to define the specific logic required between the input signal (causes) and the output signals (effects) of safety subsystems. 4.3.2 Emergency Shutdown (ESD) The general purpose of the emergency shutdown (ESD) system shall be to provide a method to block in, blow down major process systems and shut-down operating equipment in a safe and orderly manner. Activation of the ESD initiates the Process Shutdown (PSD) with no time delay. The ESD shall be manually or automatically activated. Automatic activation shall be by detection of fire or gas as follows: 4.3.3 Fire detector Fusible plug loop (pneumatic) Gas detector Low instrument air pressure (No blow down)

Process Shut-down (PSD) Process shut-down shall be automatically activated by the ESD or by certain abnormal operating conditions.

4.4

System Design 4.4.1 Gas Detection Gas detectors shall be provided as specified in the document number Fire Protection Philosophy. 4.4.1.1 Detector placement All locations plant facilities that have potential for combustible gas emission or gas collection shall be monitored by gas detection sensors. To meet these requirements, special attention shall be given to sensor placement below in spaces where the potential exists for gas pocket formation. Consideration also shall be given to accumulation of gases that are lighter than air and gases that are heavier than air. a. Detectors, except detectors placed in environmentally controlled areas, shall be weatherproof to NEMA 4X and shall be of a type suitable for installation in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC), Class I, Group D, Division 2, areas.

b. If appropriate to the installation, detectors shall be equipped with a gas-collecting cone or draft cone assembly. c. Detectors shall not be placed in areas where wind velocity is higher than the maximum velocity allowed for the detector to function. 4.4.1.2 Alarms a. Gas detectors shall be capable of initiating the following alarms. LEVEL High level; 20 percent LEL of methane High-High level; one detector head at 60 percent LEL of methane Two detector heads at 60 percent LEL of methane ACTION Alarm only Alarm only Alarm and automatic shutdown

b. Both the high level and the high-high level alarm shall activate an audible alarm. Both alarm levels shall provide a signal to the main enunciator panel. c. Where solid state modules are used to avoid false alarms due to wiring faults or power failures, gas detector control/indicator monitors shall be designed with de-energized output alarm/shutdown (SD) relays. Output relays for fault alarm circuits shall be energized under normal operating conditions i.e. failsafe. 4.4.1.3 Detector maintenance and testing a. All gas detection system components shall be accessible for maintenance and testing without taking the entire system out of service or shutting down the facility. b. All gas detectors shall be suitable for test gas injection. A convenient test point shall be provided by means of a piped connection from the detector. The test point shall have a nameplate that identifies the function and the associated detector head number. 4.4.2 Fire detection A fire detection system shall consist of flame, fusible plug, heat and smoke detectors. The detectors shall be displayed by zone on a fire monitoring station. The type of detector shall be in accordance with the Fire Protection Philosophy. 4.4.2.1 Zones For fire detection purposes, a facility shall be divided into either functional or operational zones. a. Fire zone design shall establish a direct relationship of zone detection to fire extinguishing. b. Design shall provide for easy identification and location of a faulty detector. c. Design shall provide for ease of maintenance and testing.

4.4.2.2 Fire and Gas Panel Each facility shall have one fire monitoring station installed within a safe area. In addition to providing zone alarms, the fire monitoring station shall initiate fire-extinguishing actions and provide shutdown signals to the platform shutdown (ESD) system. The fire panel shall provide an overview of the fire and gas status for the entire facility. 4.4.2.3 Detectors a. Sitting of fire and gas detectors shall be based on Manufacturers recommendations and shall be subject to COMPANY approval. b. Maximum coverage area for heat detectors shall be no greater than 150 square feet per detector, except in production areas, the maximum area per detector shall be 75 square feet. c. Smoke detectors shall have a maximum distance of 25 feet between detectors. Maximum area coverage for each detector shall be 300 square feet. d. Detectors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72A, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Local Protective Signaling Systems for Guard's Tour, Fire Alarm and Supervisory Service. 4.4.2.4 Pneumatic fire detection a. Pneumatic fire detectors shall be pneumatically direct coupled to the deluge valve for the specific deluge zone. b. Pneumatic fire detection shall provide an alarm to the fire & gas system. c. All fusible plugs shall be mounted facing downward to prevent accumulation of fusible material inside tubing or fittings. d. Pneumatic fusible plug loops shall be implemented in accordance with API RP 14C. 4.4.3 Firewater systems Water is the most commonly used medium in controlling fires. Proper application of water streams will keep adjacent structures and equipment cooled, so as to prevent further failures which can add to the fuel supply feeding the fire. Foam can be used effectively to control some fires, such as liquid spills, but the application of water is still of primary importance. The fire water system shall be capable of delivering specified flow rates at 80 psig minimum residual pressure at the farthest hydrants, fixed water monitors, hose reels, deluge system or sprinklers. 4.4.3.1 Firewater main a. b. c. The firewater main shall be a wet system and shall provide water to all fire fighting systems. The firewater main shall have a minimum design pressure of 150 lb ANSI. The firewater main shall be of ring main design sectioned by means of manual block valves so that sections of the main can be isolated in emergencies or for servicing and repair without shutting down the entire firewater system.

4.4.3.2 Firewater deluge system A. General A firewater deluge system comprises the piping and equipment that provide firewater to a specific deluge zone from the firewater main. a. Firewater deluge systems shall be dry down-stream from the deluge valve. b. In high-risk areas, provision shall be made for both automatic and manual activation of firewater deluge systems. As a minimum, all process equipment in a highrisk area shall be protected by a firewater deluge system connected directly to the firewater main. c. As a minimum all hydrocarbon handling equipment such as each pig receiver shall be protected by the fire water system. B. Zones a. Firewater deluge system zones shall be designed to achieve the best balance between the size of the area the system will protect and the ability of the system to adequately deliver water to protect the area. No deluge zone together with the required manual firefighting requirements shall exceed the available firewater capacity with the largest pump down for maintenance shall exceed 2000 GPM. b. Fire detection zones shall be directly related to firewater deluge zones. c. Each firewater deluge system shall provide an area of deluge water spray that extends a minimum of 5 feet beyond the periphery of the surface being protected. C. Deluge Valves a. The primary source for automatic operation of the deluge valve shall be by direct connection to the zonal fusible plug loop. The valve shall be capable of the following secondary means of operation. By signal from the fire and gas panel as the result of detection of a fire in the protected zone. Manual activation by hand at the deluge/fusible plug control panel.

b. Deluge valves shall be designed fail-safe. Under normal condition, the valve shall be maintained closed, to prevent flow of water into the sprinklers. On activation, the deluge valve shall open and allow firewater to the sprinklers. c. Deluge valves shall be certified by UL/FM for the service. d. Deluge valves shall be powered by the pressure of fire water in the mains. e. Piping for the deluge valve shall provide for a blockisolating valve on each side of the deluge valve with a full flow bypass line around the valve. The bypass line shall have a block valve. The isolating valve shall be capable of

being locked open. All valves shall be placed in locations that are easy to reach for ease of operation and maintenance. f. Deluge valves for each zone shall be located outside of, but adjacent to, the protected zone. g. Flow in a deluge valve shall be annunciated on the fire and gas monitoring system. D. Deluge Nozzles a. Deluge nozzles shall provide complete water coverage on all surfaces the nozzles are intended to protect. Rundown shall not be considered as acceptable coverage on vessels or equipment greater than 3 feet in diameter. b. Deluge nozzles shall be capable of delivering the volume of water required by the system at the rated system pressure. c. The minimum rate of water spray shall comply with NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection. Each well head shall be deluged by four (4) nozzles to achieve a total 100 US gpm deluge rate. d. Deluge nozzles shall not be installed higher than 10 feet above the surface to be protected. e. Narrow-, medium-, or wide-angle nozzles as well as longthrow and flat nozzles may be used to provide acceptable coverage of an area. E. Deluge Stations Each Manual Deluge Station (MDS) shall activate only one firewater deluge system. The station shall be clearly marked on the control to indicate the fire zone the MDS activates. 4.4.3.3 Foam Foam shall be used to extinguish a flammable liquid spill fire, e.g. diesel. a. Individual foam hose reels shall be placed adjacent to and make foam available to the area or equipment where liquid hydrocarbons could collect on the deck. b. Each requirement for foam extinguishing system shall be a hose reel with 60 gallons of 3% aqueous film forming foam. The nozzle shall be designed with an integral high back-pressure foam maker providing a foam mixture flow rate of 0.1 GPM/ft2 protected area. The minimum hose length shall be 100 feet. c. Controls for the hose reel shall be installed so that they can be operated while a fire is in progress. d. Water for the foam hose reel shall be provided directly from the firewater main. 4.4.3.4 Firewater Pumps a. Each facility shall be supplied by a minimum of two pumps. For relatively small installations, each pump shall have sufficient capacity to supply 100 percent of the minimum specified demand. On larger facilities a group of firewater pumps shall

be installed so that additional pumps will be brought on line as firewater demand increases. All firewater pumps for each facility shall be identical. b. All primary firewater pumps shall be equipped with an automatic start feature that is initiated by a low firewater main pressure or any confirmed fire or hi hi gas event. c. The following firewater pumps shall turn on and off at the pressures listed in the table. PUMP TYPE PUMP ON PUMP OFF Jockey pump 80 psig 125 psig [Where service water is used as the jockey system shall operate at 80 psig service water and standby pump will auto start at 80 psig. Service water pumps shall be manually stopped once started.] Primary pump 60 psig manual manual Secondary pump 60 psig

d. All firewater pumps shall supply water directly to the firewater main. Once started, the firewater pumps shall not be shut down by automatic means, but only by manual shutdown at the fire pump. e. Diesel driven pumps shall be supplied as completely self sufficient skid mounted units with an automatic start feature. f. Pumps shall be installed in accordance with the following requirements. All pump suctions shall be located so that the intake water will be clean with no possibility of hydrocarbon contamination. All fire water pumps shall be located on the cellar deck.

g. The minimum firewater demand shall be the sum of the following calculated values. The calculated water deluge system or sprinkler system demand for the largest protected area and, A 10 percent over spray allowance or, The flow of a single portable monitor of 400 GPM Total of individual hose line flow of 125 GPM at 100 psi main pressure

A protected area shall be defined as an area segregated from adjacent areas by firewalls or the extreme boundaries of the facility or by distance segregation. A protected area includes individual protection for equipment. h. A fire water pump test line with a flow meter shall be provided for each pump. The firewater test line shall be adequately sized for the pump. The test line shall have a flanged termination at the skid edge for pumping test water to the sea.

The firewater test line shall normally connect to the system between the firewater discharge check valve and the isolating valve. The test line shall have a retractable, flanged element with pressure taps for measuring flow. The test line flow metering device may be installed on a valve bypass line around the pressure control valve. No automatic pump test timer system shall be provided.

4.4.3.5 Jockey Pump System A jockey pump system shall be employed to maintain the firewater main pressure at 80psig or above. a. The operating pressure of the jockey pump system shall be 80psig or above. The system shall be rated above fire pump shut-in pressure. b. Demand on the jockey pump system shall be equal to the supply requirements for minor leaks and small users such as hose reels that may be used for wash down. The minimum demand shall be estimated at 30 GPM. This allows a continuous flushing of the fire-main ring of 20gpm. c. Pressure shall be maintained in the firewater main by a jockey pump system with pumps that automatically start as necessary to keep the pressure in the main between 80 and 100 psig. d. A drop in firewater main pressure may be caused by a pressure demand from any of the following. Deluge or sprinkler systems as a result of automatic actuation Monitors Hose reels

e. For firefighting purposes only, the jockey pump system shall have provision for manual testing and isolation of each pump. f. All jockey pump suctions shall be located so that the intake water will be clean with no practical possibility of hydrocarbon contamination.

4.4.4

Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems 4.4.4.1 Dry Chemical Fire Protection System Fixed dry chemical systems shall be used on plant only in areas specifically identified. a. The dry chemical extinguishing agent shall be suitable for fighting Class B and C fires. The definitions of Class B and C fires are listed in Table I, Fire Classes. Minimum dry chemical storage capacity shall be per NFPA 17.

b. 4.4.5

Portable and Auxiliary Firefighting Equipment Each facility shall be equipped with portable and/or auxiliary firefighting equipment.

4.4.5.1 Firewater Equipment A. Hose Reels Hose reel with adjustable stream nozzle and 100 feet of 1-1/2 inch hard rubber hose shall be installed to provide double hose coverage in all areas handling hydrocarbon. The location and mounting of the hose reels shall provide unencumbered access. B. Firewater Monitors Firewater monitors supplement the firewater deluge systems. Firewater monitors shall have minimum capacity of 400 GPM at 100 PSI water pressure at base flange. Fixed monitors shall be used where the area coverage can be achieved and otherwise portable monitors shall be used. At least 2 portable monitors are required on each facility. All areas of the facility shall be reached by two such hydrant streams. 4.4.5.2 Portable Fire Extinguishing Equipment The two types of portable fire extinguishing equipment are hand-held equipment and wheeled cart equipment. a. Hand-held fire extinguishers equipment shall be conspicuously mounted adjacent to the doors to enclosed areas, including rooms within the enclosed areas. The extinguishing equipment shall be mounted in areas throughout the platform that may require extinguishments of small fires. b. Wheeled cart fire extinguishers shall be provided in locations where large fires are possible. c. The quantity of fire extinguishing agent shall be determined by the likely size of a fire in a particular area. The type of extinguishing agent shall be determined by the potential type of fire. d. Portable fire extinguishing equipment shall be charged with an extinguishing agent in accordance with the guidelines shown in Table II, Extinguishing Agents for Various Classes of Fire. An explanation of fire classes is provided in Table I. 4.4.6 Flame Arrestors Atmospheric vent stacks shall be equipped with flame arrestors to prevent flashback to the vessel or sump being vented. Flame arrestors shall be UL or FM listed. Flame arrestors must be accessible for maintenance.

TABLE I Fire Classes Fire class A. Fuel Source Ordinary combustible material such as wood cloth, and paper Flammable liquids or gases such as paint, gasoline, and natural gas Energized electrical equipment

B.

C.

TABLE II Extinguishing Agents for Various Classes of fire

Extinguishing agent

Fire Classes

Comments

Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Dry chemical

A, B B, C

Liquid spills

CO2

B, C

Specialized equipment application and electrical fires