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The effect of using computer on the properties of the accounting information from the investors point of view (Studying Ammans Financial Market situation)

Enas Mahmoud Sa`ed Alabood PHD. Luchturer of Accounting at Al- Balqa Applied University, Amman, JORDAN Ayman Mohammad Al Shanti PHD. Luchturer of Accounting at Al- Balqa Applied University, Amman, JORDAN Majed , Abed Almajid Qabajeh Assistance Professor, Accounting Department, Applied Science University, Amman, JORDAN Khalil. M. Al-Refaee Associal Prof. AccountingDepartment, Al-BalqaApplied University, Amman, JORDAN

ABSTRACT This study aims to Identify the quality of the accounting information seeks by investors in AFM to support their decision, and the limitation of the most important properties of the accounting information and declaring the range of the achievements in the accounting information from the adequate and reliability perspective in processing financial data, in addition to find out the effect of stability and comparability of the accounting information on assisting the investors future predictions. The study found that there is a positive statistical relationship between adequacy, reliability, stability, comparability and properties of the accounting information and the use of the computer. This study recommended to adopt an integrated accounting information system including a central database with the accounting information system, and to develop the skills of investors in order to have access to all developments and changes that occur in this area. Keywords: Effect ; Using computer Properties , Accounting information ; Investors Point of view; sudying Ammans Financial Market situation Introduction: Computers have become the foundation stone in the communities cultures and in different fields of life, it is also considered to be a tool for knowledge, and since nowadays is also considered to be the information era and its systems and searching for the best uses of it with the least effort and time, is the reason why the importance of information has increased in the current years due to the development in technology that was followed by the development of computers, which lead to saving time, effort and the rapid transformation of data and information to its users. Computers are used in several ways, such as storing and data processing, which is considered to be a vital element of the decision making elements especially in this field that is going to be studied in the accounting information which is the most important of information that the
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user seeks to gain in order to make the right decisions. Thats why the accounting information should be described with main several features such as adequacy, reliability, stability, comparability till these information become useful and complete from all its sides in order to make wise decisions. In the past years, the information system ability increased in fulfilling the required needs of information while taking investment decisions in securities, especially in stock, as a result of the improvement in measurement methods, operating and analyzing information by using developed computer systems, which lead to creating and providing many different forms which is related to predicting the prices of securities. Nowadays it is necessary to choose the accounting information and forms that suit with the interested Environment.(1) That is why institutions and companies in its different fields- whether it were industrial, service, or productive companies, etc in using computer systems to provide suitable information and delivering it when needed to its users from the management levels of the company of the contributors. Due to this perspective, this study came along to acknowledge the effect of the use of computers on the properties of the accounting information from the investors point of view, through knowing the identity and quality of the accounting information that the investor seeks to gain and its importance in making investment decisions, because by not using the computer in storing and processing the accounting operations could lead to problems associated with human mistakes, not taking full advantage and timing in a proper way, subsequently working on the ability to contribute in solving problems that investors could face by knowing and determining the most important features for the accounting information that could effect the investment decisions. The background theory: With the development of technology, accounting has developed in all fields as well, when some issues and accounting items appeared which need speed in the storage and analysis operating and decision making such as online purchasing operations, using the accounting systems in recording and in inventory and in every other operations. Subsequently, the unavailability or usage of the computer in processing the accounting operations could lead to the appearance of issues related to mistakes, unreliability and unsuitability for comparability of the accounting information in order to make different decisions. This study seeks to: 1- Identify the quality of accounting information that the investors seek in Ammans Financial Market to support the investment decision making operations. 2- Limitation of the most important properties of the accounting information that can achieve the rightful investing decisions for the investor. 3- Declaring the range of the achievements in the accounting information from the adequate and reliability perspective in processing financial data or transforming it to accounting information. 4- Declaring the stability of the accounting information and its comparability assisting the investors in illustrating future predictions. The importance of this study is that it studies the properties of the accounting information and its effects by using computers from the investors point of view in Ammans

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Financial Market as the properties of accounting information computerized have the importance from two sides: Knowledge side: The researches in the quality of the accounting information provided by the accounting system for the investors are still continued nowadays. Also the availability of these systems require more knowledge, diversity, and understanding. Therefore, this study is interested in completing these gaps and gives an overview that determines the quality of the accounting information to be met. Scientific side: It determines the feasibility of providing an accounting system based on the computer, which provides accounting information with multiple properties that assist those who are responsible in the preparation of financial statements in the evaluation of accounting information and then help the investor to make the right decisions. (Al-Kabi 2004) has pointed out that there is a positive role of accounting information on managerial performance in commercial banks in the UAE in the areas of planning, control, and decision making, in addition to the lack of statistically significant differences between each of the national commercial banks, and non- national operating in the United Arab Emirates in carrying out the functions as mentioned previously. The study found a group of recommendations, most importantly the need to be concerned in the accuracy and timing of the arrival of information to its users as this has implications on their performance in the planning control and decision making as well as the need to develop accounting systems to ensure the provision of information which is characterized by realism and reliability for the securities and their risks, indicators of compliance with them. (Al-Qashi 2003) also noted that the e-commerce as a developed technique has effected all professional areas in general and the accounting and auditing professions in particular, it also functions in a unique environment so that all the functions through which processes of intangible character lacks a mechanism documentation in most stages, therefore it has contributed indirectly to find two major problems faced by accounting and auditing: the mechanism of verification and recognition of revenue generated from the operations of ecommerce and the mechanism of allocation of taxes on sales and revenues of e-commerce, in addition to the need for rehabilitation techniques to face new problems associated to the environment of electronic commerce and can solve many of the problems associated with electronic commerce in general and the problems of revenue recognition and allocation of tax in particular through the provision of policies and practical actions that contribute to safety and reliable confirmation that can be achieved only through the creation and development of a system that links between the companys accounting system and its website on the Internet. (Al-Qatnani 2002) also indicated the existence of a positive relationship and statistically significant morale among the elements of the accounting system and the quality of the accounting information that it produces. This study shows an impact and statistically significant morale relationship for the use of accounting information on managerial performance in the public shareholding industrial companies in Jordan in the areas of planning, control and decision making which led to rejection of nihilism hypotheses and accept the alternative hypotheses. (Bamzaham 2003) also indicated the need to oblige the public shareholding companies that have activity detrimental to the environment such as manufactures of chemicals, paper, and cement, oil refining to disclose the extent of maintaining healthy environment and how efficient it is in the disclosure of the social environmental performance. The securities commission should publish a list of companies that raised their shares for trading on the stock exchange so that the traders in the stock market especially potential investors to determine the suitability and efficiency of information provided when these companies disclose their efficiency in protecting the environment and fighting against any abuse of the rates of
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pollution allowed. The companies should start training their cadres of accountants on the financial goals, rules, and procedures of the content of the social environmental, accounting disclosure and development of standards for social environmental accounting with the assistance of the accounting departments in the Jordanian universities. In addition to training and educating dealers in the stock market and rationalize the investment decision maker to take advantage of the social content of environmental accounting disclosure. As (Al-Maayta 2002) indicated that the financial statements and accounting information are used by the departments of public universities of Jordan and a high degree in the areas of planning and decision making except for some of the obstacles that hinder the process of using the financial statements and accounting information optimally, for example determining the tuition and not knowing governments yearly spending to universities, there is a statistically significant effect of the variables (university) in the degree of using accounting data and the accounting information in the field of financial problems, while the statistical analysis does not appear that there is a statistically significant effect on other variables. The study concluded the need for a review of laws and regulations currently in place at universities to give more independence in running its affairs and the need for the application of appropriate accounting systems and effective participation in Jordanian public universities, also to advocate for the use of computers in a broader and more comprehensive way in the financial operations, in addition the need to train individuals working in administrative positions in public universities. Especially what is regarded to planning and decision making while using financial statements and accounting information. (Al-Rashid 1999) sees that the interests of investors in the market value of shares and the expected return on the stock in the future and quality while the financial analysts are concerned with the return on the stock in the past when making decisions to buy or sell shares in the Kuwait stock exchange, and the investors interest in the non-accounting information by the predictions that are prepared by the company in earnings on shares and trends in the future, also the stability of the companys activity and the companys reputation in the market. Since there is no difference in opinions among investors and analysts about the inadequacy of the accounting information published, and the need to disclose earnings forecasts for companies. To take all of the importance of the profit or loss per share as an effective factor on the value of the shares and to double the price to the market value of shares because it is an important indicator and influential on the market value of the shares during the periods of analysis when selling or buying securities on the Kuwait stock exchange. As for (Al-Hareth 1993), he indicated that senior management (decision makers) uses the accounting information that is derived from accounting reports and financial statements in taking administrative decisions that are related to the function of planning, the usage percentage reached 80% and that the senior management (decision makers) use the accounting information that is derived from the written plans and making the right administrative decision that are related to the function of control to prevent these deviations the percentage of use is 85%. As shown from the statistical analyzing there is a high usage in accounting information by the senior management in the public shareholding companies in making the administrative decisions that are related to the two functions, planning and controlling. Ass the percentage of use in the previous two functions reached 83%. This confirms the importance of the accounting data and information that are derived from reports and financial statements of senior management. We often find definitions that describe and explain the concept of a computer but they are all often similar, some believe that the computer is a set of electronic devices and mechanical work that can not be completed without programs. Others define the computer as a set of united electronic parts (hardware). As each electronic piece has a particular function it
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operates, so that eventually the operations that the user performs are carried out on the computer in an integrated manner. These parts are managed as one unit through the software to complete these processes correctly, accurately, and rapidly. The definition of data and accounting information: The concept of information is considered to be a controversial concept either if its used in normal life or in literature competent. There is a lack of clarity in the distinction between data and information. Data is defined as: numbers, alphabetic characters, symbols that represent facts and concepts in an appropriate way which can be delivered, translated and processed by human or devices to be transformed into results. Data can also be defined as: raw material in the information system it is also an expression of the primary facts or signals that are received and recorded, which are related to the event and these data are considered the raw material that is entered in the information system for processing to produce information, it also represents the input of the information system. As for information it can be defined as a set of data that is collected and prepared in a way that made it useful to the receiver or its user it is also considered to be the output of the information system and it has an effect in various decision making. It can also be defined as data that has need processed adequately to give full meaning to the user which enables it to be used in ongoing and future operations for decision making. The quality of information can be defined as the main properties that must be characterized by the useful accounting information; therefore the determination of these properties is a link between the stage of foal setting and other constituents of the conceptual framework of accounting. Also, these properties will be great benefit to both those responsible for the development of appropriate standards as well as those responsible for the preparation of financial reports to assess the quality of the information that results from the application of alternative methods and techniques. As mentioned above, the main objective of identifying a set of qualitative characteristics is using it as a basis for evaluating the quality of accounting information. (FASB) indicated that adequacy and reliability are the two main properties that make the accounting information useful for decision making, and that the properties that differentiate better (more useful) information from the information that is less useful, are called adequacy and reliability with the other properties that are derived from them. The users of financial statements are: current and potential investors, the employees, lenders, suppliers, other trade creditors, customers, governments and public agencies. These parties use financial statements to address their different needs of information, these requirements include the following: 1- Investors: the sponsors of the speculative capital and their advisers are interested in the risks to their investments and the revenues earned from them, they need information to help them determine whether they should make a decision in purchasing or retain investments or sales. Shareholders are also interested in information that assists them in assessing the projects ability to distribute profits. 2- Employees: employees and their representative groups are interested in information related to the stability and the profitability of their employers; they are also interested in information that enables them to assess the projects ability to pay their remuneration and retirement benefits in addition to providing job opportunities. 3- Lenders: they are interested in information that help them determine if their loans and interest implicated from it are going to be paid when due. 4- Vendors and other trade creditors: who are interested in information that enable them to determine if the amounts required are going to be paid when due. Trade
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creditors in the short term are more than the lenders except if they were depending on the continuation of the project as their primary client. 5- Customers: they are interested in information related to the continuation of the project especially when they have a long term association with them or if they rely on them. 6- Governments and their agencies: governments and their agencies are interested in the distribution of resources, therefore project activities, they also ask for information in order to organize project activities and identify tax policies as a basis for national income statistics and other similar statistics. 7- The public: projects affect the public in various ways, for example projects could present great assistance to the local economy in different ways like the number of individuals that they hire and its sponsorship to the local suppliers. Financial statements could help the public in providing then information about trends and recent development in the projects growth and the diversity of its activities. The role of information is reducing the benefiters uncertainty therefore its supposed to make them capable of making more useful or less harmful decisions which means that it is going to increase the profits or reduce the losses resulting from the decision making process. There is a method to measure the benefit of information, which is increasing the expected profit this method is considered to be one of the decision theories. Profit here means the interest (benefit) that is resulted from the decision as a result of the availability of information and the additional increase in profit is the value of information that produced this increase. Profit (benefit) that is resulted by the decision is usually measured in monetary units. As for the quantities measurement of the value of information, the distinguishment between full certainty and uncertainty is required in the case of certainty (when complete information is available), the value of information is measured by comparing the benefit of information and the costs of obtaining the information, because complete information allows optimal decision making each time decision making is required. As in the case of uncertainty (when incomplete information), the role of information is reducing the uncertainty. Therefore the degree of risk is taken under consideration when calculating the value of information, the degree of risk benefit resulting from the alternative is represented by multiplying the possibility of verifying this alternative. The definition of a system, the information system and the accounting information system: A system: Are a set of interrelated parts that interact with each other to achieve a specific goal by accepting input and producing output through an organized conversion procedure. It contains three major interactive parts (input, processing, output), and two components have been added so that the systems are more useful, these components are (feedback, control). Controlling monitors and evaluates feedback to determine whether the system runs to achieve its goal. The two writers (Mardock and Rose) defined information systems as a system that is operated by humans, equipment, procedures, documents, communication that combines summarizes, processes, stores data for using them in planning, budgets, accounts, controlling and other operations. Information systems are the main sources to provide the administration the suitable information for the rightful decision making, an information system is a group of employees, procedures and resources that collect, process, transfer data into useful
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information, deliver it to users appropriately and in a timely manner in order to help them in performing the functions assigned to them. As known, any information system consists of three main components: 1- Inputs: events, activities or data that was entered into a system for processing. 2- Processing: the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, division, which are conducted on the entered data to prepare it for the third phase of the system. 3- Outputs: Are information and the results obtained after processing data. The definition of an accounting system: The accounting system was developed in an easy and simple way to maximize the use of computers in the financial and accounting business. Accounting systems are considered to be one of the most distinct systems that are able to meet all the financial and accounting business needs of the companies, institutions, individuals. Systems function in both Arabic and English. In an operating system (windows), the desired application interface can be determined by the user through an independent option in the screens. Accounting systems include a set of sub systems that operate with each format with perfect integration. Examples of these systems are accounting systems, warehouse systems, customer and sales systems (accounting receivable systems), procurement and vendors system (accounting payable system). This system processes different accounting documents, entries, exchange, checks; it also processes warehouse documents such as inputs, outputs, deleting, etc. An accounting system can be defined as: one of the components of the administrative organization that collects, classifies, processes, analysis, delivers the quantitive and financial information for decision making to the internal and external parties. An accounting information system as any other system consists of a set of elements to achieve a specific goal. These elements are: 1- Documents, evidential paperwork that support the financial operations that occurred in the economical institution. 2- Databases that store financial data of the financial operations. 3- Computer software applications that process data to transfer it to useful and adequate information. 4- The accounting procedures that are set and written, due to the sequence of the operations in the institution. 5- Individuals that deal with one or more of the elements of the accounting system. 6- The technological electronic and communication methods used in the accounting information system. Accounting information systems have several properties which make it a dynamic information system, so that it performs its job that it was made for in the institution.

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The characteristics that make an accounting information system active and efficient: 1- Accounting information systems must achieve a high level of accuracy, rapid financial data processing when transferring it to accounting information. 2- Providing the administrative with the necessary accounting information in the appropriate timing for decision making and choosing the right alternative. 3- Providing the administrative with the needed information for controlling, evaluating the economic activities of the institution. 4- Providing the administrative with the needed information to assist it in its main role which is planning in a short and long business range, for the institutions future. 5- Accuracy and speed in restoring descriptive and quantitive information when needed, this information is saved in the database. 6- Sufficient flexibility when updating is required so that it suits the changes in the institution. Functions of the accounting information system: 1- Data collection: data collection is achieved in the input stage; it includes several steps such as recording data, verifying its accuracy and completeness. This data could be internal or external or a result of feedback. 2- Data processing: this function is achieved in the operational stage; it usually includes several steps and procedures such as classifying, copying, indexing, merging, summarizing, comparison. 3- Data management: which includes storing, saving, updating, constant modifying so that it reflects economic events or operations or decisions, it also includes retrieving stored data for using and reporting. 4- Data control: there are two main goals for controlling data: safeguarding assets from loss, and ensuring the completeness, proper functioning, and accuracy of the data. There are several procedures and methods used in an accounting information system for data controlling matters. Such as testing, and inspecting the inputs, reviewing the data stored into the computer and using passwords. 5- Information generation: information generation is the final function for an accounting information system, this function includes several steps such as interpretation, reporting, delivering the information to users, it is considered to be a complementary to information input and functioning. An accounting information system is a set of methods and principles which data and information are collected through it in a way that administrative goals are achieved in an institution. Economical currencies that are recorded in either internal or external documents are transferred through this system, then recording them in analytical statements or lists based on specific rules, to obtain information in forms of accounting reports for planning , controlling, decision making purposes. Information systems provide coordination, controlling, easing the operations within the institution and its departments, the administration needs
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information to achieve daily work in taking short range operational decisions, long range planning. It also provides information for the administrative formed in monthly reports about the financial situation, business results, and cash flows of the institution. Institutions design a general controlling system to guarantee that its computerized system is stable and is managed well. A set of general controlling procedures are followed in order to achieve that: 1- Developing a security plan. 2- Segregation of duties. 3- Controlling the development of the systems project procedures. 4- Controlling physical access control procedures. 5- Controlling logical access control procedures. 6- Controlling data storage procedures. 7- Controlling data transformation. 8- Documentation standards to ensure proper and clear documentation for the accounting information systems that can be used as a reference in user training, and accounting information system maintenance. 9- Reducing the time of system crashes. 10- Disaster recovery plans The importance of using computers in the management of accounting information systems: With the recent use in computer in processing accounting information that come from documents, accounting books, and transforming it to useful information for planning programs for business performance, controlling the implementation of plans, in order to achieve the institutions goals. All of these functions made this device an important means of reducing he time and effort costs by saving the accounting information and storing it to take advantage of it when needed and retrieving it in making decisions related to business and productive activities in the institution. 1- The elements of an accounting system that is based on operating electronic data will not be different from the elements of the manual accounting systems, which means that in all cases there must be a documentary, group, notebook group, accounting manual, financial statements and other reports, despite that, the use of electronic computers effect the form of each element of the previous elements and its relationship with the other elements. The programming of accounting information systems lead to the change of activities where data can be collected by using special means, as the necessary paper document is cancelled. Often, all computers are programmed automatically, as for the services, they increase in most cases. In addition, there are outputs that are allowed id needed. The distribution of output to people is also possible by the local information web which is interrelated through several computers with other smaller interrelated computers. The information technology also must be compatible and consistent with the components of the accounting systems and the operational functions are automated. When choosing the necessary material and software components for the accounting systems while analyzing the costs, the cost of the hardware and accounting system programs must be less than the benefit while using the system. The members of auditors and controls of the accounting information

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systems, the supportive software, the hardware used (because auditing will be done by using the computer), the team of auditing must be aware of the automation basis, automatical controlling, it also has an impact on the accountants future work, which is summarized as the accountants methods of work, methods of recording data, new systems, networks, auditing methods that are used in the future. The concept of investing: Investing is renounce the use of existing funds for a period of time in order to get more cash flows in the future which is considered to be compensate for the current value of the invested funds. Also a compensate for the expected decline in the purchasing power of invested money because of inflation- with the possibility of obtaining a reasonable return for carrying (bearing) the risk element. As for the capital investment, it is defined as the investments that are expected to distribute the return on a number of years (more than one year). Investing is a series of expenses followed by a series of revenues in consecutive periods of time. The more revenues or investment returns were greater than expenses the more the investment was successful and useful for the project. The topic of investment was one of the several topics with great interest by many economists, politicians, intellectuals and especially after world war two because of its effective impact to increase the national income, and in the process of achieving economic and social development, as any increase in the independent and through the multiple and accelerated investment which will lead to a manifold increase in income production, use and transmission of the economy to a better situation. Increasing and improving the productivity of capital and work to continually improve, to achieve optimum use and ideal distribution of capital among the several available investment opportunities. The goals of investment operations can be summarized as follows: 1Achieve an adequate return, as the goals of any investor are to obtain adequate return that will help the continuity of the project. 2Maintain the value of real assets: maintain the value of the original capital invested in the project. 3Continuity of obtaining income and working on increasing it which means that the investor always seeks from investing his money obtaining a constant, ongoing, increasing return. 4Ensure the necessary liquidity: which means providing a suitable cash to cover the business requirements and production process in order to be able to cover emergencies and non-computerized cases that may face the production process. Central register of securities: It is an electronic shareholders registering system; its available at the financial center and aims to create a decision database in a unified way for the shareholders of public shareholding companies. It also facilitates access to data and information related to ownership of securities by shareholders or other related parties. It also facilitates corporate procedures in the Amman stock exchange, there is opening and trading of bonds, corporate bonds and investment funds. As well as the trading phase of the bonds, corporate bonds and investments funds, there is also the opening, trading of the first and second companies market. Also, deals of all markets phase. This is all done in stages and at stock market times

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from Sunday to Thursday from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. only. The meaning of the first market is that part of the secondary market dealing in securities is done throughout it. In accordance to the valid provisions of laws, regulations and instructions, its rules are private conditions. Recent classification of sectors and a record number of companies listed on the stock exchange starting from July 1. The stock market did a new distribution for the companies listed in the stock exchange, which is consistent with international standards in this field, and gives a better picture for listed companies to help investors make investment decisions. The stock market also developed a new record based on free shares (available for trading) so that it gives a better representation of the movements of stock prices in the market and reduces the impact of companies with high market value to reduce its weight and impact on the record. The listed companies were classified into three main sectors: financial sector, it includes banks, insurance companies, financial services, real estate, investment companies, service sector, which includes companies working in the field of health services, education, power, transportation, tourism, and telecommunication. Industry sector includes companies working in the extractive industries, mining, construction, nutritional, beverage, tobacco, clothing, leather and electrical porcelain. The three main sectors were divided into three sectors, so that companies with the same operational activity were put in the same group. The market value means the number of shares subscribed by companies multiplied by the last closing price of the shares of that company. Methodology of the study: Methods of data collection: Two sources were relied on in collecting data: A Secondary sources: This was done by office survey, observing studies, theoretical and field research in different locations (internet) to develop the bases and premises underlying the theoretical framework for the study. B Initial sources: which were represented in the preparation of a questionnaire that was developed by the researcher. The questionnaire is consisted of a simple introduction to define the respondents of this study, and two parts: First part: contains general information about respondents such s their gender, qualifications, years of experience, specialization and age in the field of investors. As for the second part, which consists six sections, first section consists (7 questions) in order to know the effect of using computer on the adequate accounting information. As for the second section, it consists (7 questions) in order to know the effect of using computer on the reliability of accounting information. Third section, it consists (6 questions) in order to know the effect of using computer on the compatibility of accounting information. Fourth section, it consists (six questions), in order to know its effect on the stability of accounting information. Fifth section, consists (3 questions) in order to know the purpose of investment and finally, the sixth section consists (8 questions) to identify the variables of computers. The population of the study consist from all the investors of Ammans financial market (Amman stock exchange), in addition to those who have a high school degree (as a minimum), also those who invest in Amman stock exchange (750179) people. The available society in the Amman financial market (Amman stock exchange) is less than the full number of investors. Sample of the study: 140 questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of investors who are in the Amman Financial Market, the distribution was in 3 different stages, 112 questionnaires were retrieved, 2 questionnaires were excluded for lack of suitability for statistical analysis, 119

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questionnaires were also excluded because they were not filled by the investor, the total number of valid questionnaires for analysis is 190 questionnaires, which constitutes 65% of the population of the study, which is considered an acceptable ratio for the purpose of the scientific research. The following table clarifies that: Table number (1) (Number of retrieved and distributed questionnaires) Statement Investors Number Percentage Distributor 140 100% Retriever 91 65% Excluded 21 15% The Studys Instrument: The researchers developed a questionnaire by referring to books from libraries, researches, scientific studies. It was applied to know the effect of using computers on the properties of accounting information in Amman financial market from the investors point of view, and it consists two sections. First section consists of the demographic factors (gender qualifications, years of experience, specialization, age). The second section consists (37 questions) to measure the hypothesis of the effect of using computer on the properties of the accounting information and the purpose of investing, which is the first hypothesis to know the effect of computer on adequacy (questions 1-7), second hypothesis, the effect of computer on reliability (8-14), third hypothesis, the effect of computer on the ability to compare (questions 15-20) as for the fourth hypothesis the effect on stability (questions 21-26), finally the purpose of investing (questions 27-29). As for the questions (30-37) the independent dimension of the computer. Each paragraph is followed by a gradual scale to determine the answers of the individuals as follow: 1- (5) Means I strongly agree. 2- (4) Means I agree. 3- (3) Means neutral. 4- (2) Means I disagree. 5- (1) Means I strongly disagree. Three questions were asked in order to know the purpose of investing answered by (yes) or (no). Determinants of the study: This study was limited to the investors who were only present in the Amman stock exchange during the distribution of the questionnaires, males and females who have a high school degree as minimum (or above). Form of the study: The study form included independent variables and its dimensions, dependent variables which are the properties of the accounting information system.

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Independent variables Independent variables

Computer Qualityofcomputersused. Adequatesoftwareused. Supportandtraining presentedtotheusersofthe computers. Usability.

1 Propertiesoftheaccounting information. Adequacy. Reliability. Comparability. Stability.

Validity of the study tool: The questionnaire was presented to Dr. Talal Hamdoun, dean of the faculty of administrative sciences in the Arab Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences to verify the sincerity of the paragraphs of the questionnaires, and their feedback has been taken under considerations, some of the paragraphs were reformed, the required adjustments were made to achieve accurate balance between the content of the paragraphs. Stability of the study tool: The reliability coefficient was extracted according to (cronbach alpha) for internal consistency in its final form, and for each variable with all its dimensions, the results were as mentioned in table (2). Table number (2) The value of reliability coefficient for internal consistency of the dependent and independent variables of the study Paragraph number in the Name of the variable and Reliability coefficient questionnaire dimension 30-37 Independent dimension 0.90 (using computer) 1-29 Total dependent variable 0.92 (properties of the accounting information) 1-37 Total for the questionnaire 0.93 (variables dimension paragraphs) As noticed from the table number (2), the stability coefficients for all variables of the study are high, the stability coefficients for all paragraphs of the tool are (0.93) which is a high stability proportion, it is also accepted for the study purposes. Hypotheses of the study: The study focused on the following assumptions: First hypothesis: There is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of computer on the adequate accounting information. Second hypothesis: There is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of computer on the reliability of the accounting information.

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Third hypothesis: There is no significant effect for the use of computer on the stability of the accounting information. Fourth hypothesis: There is no significant effect for the use of computer on the comparability of the accounting information. Fifth hypothesis: There is no significant effect for the use of computer on the properties of the accounting information. Statistical processing: Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to test the validity of the hypotheses by using the statistical package (spss 12). 1- Descriptive statistic measures to describe the properties of the sample of the study in percentages and answering the questions of the study, sorting the dimensions (descending). 2- Multiple regression analysis, to test the validity of the study models and the impact of the independent variable and its dimensions on the dependent variable and its dimensions. 3- Variance inflation factory (VIF) to test the tolerant variance to make sure there is no high correlation between the independent variables. 4- Skewness, to make sure that the data follows the normal distribution. Testing the hypotheses: Before applying regression analysis to test hypothesis, some tests were conducted, to ensure the adequacy of data to assumptions of regression analysis as following: regarding the assumption that there should be no high correlation between the independent variables (multicollinearity) the researcher conducted the variance inflation factor (VIF) and testing the tolerance for each variable of the independent variables. Table (3) shows that if the (VIF) for the variables is more than 10 and the variant was less than (0.05) then this variable has a higher correlation than the other independent variables, therefore that will lead to a problem in analyzing the regression. This rule was relied on in testing the correlation (multicollinearity) between the independent variables. Table (3) also contains independent variables and the value of variance inflation factory (VIF) for all of the variables if they were less than 10, (0.41-2.69), therefore we can say that there was no real problem concerning the existence of high correlation between the independent variables. Table number (3) Testing the VIF, skewness, tolerance Variables Tolerance VIF Skewness Quality of the 0.37 2.69 0.21 computers used Adequacy of the 0.35 2.90 0.23 software used Support and training 0.24 for the users of computers Usability 0.41 4.19 2.47 0.16 0.46

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In order to investigate the assumption of normal distribution of data, the value of skewness was calculated as table (4) shows, skewness value for all of the variables of the study was less than (1) so we can say that there isnt a real problem related to normal distribution for the study data. The validity of the form for each hypothesis will be ensured separately. Table number (4) Results of the analysis of the variance to ensure the validity of the form to test the hypothesis of the study The dependent source Coefficient of Sum of Average Calculated Level of variable determination the of value of F significance R^2 squares squares of F Properties of regression 0.451 12.202 3.051 *17.69 0.000 accounting error 14.824 0.172 information Adequacy of regression 0.234 7.709 1.927 *6.57 0.000 accounting error 25.223 0.293 information Reliability of regression 0.404 12.062 3.015 *14.57 0.000 accounting error 17.797 0.207 information Stability of regression 0.490 13.771 3.443 *20.63 0.000 accounting error 14.351 0.167 information Comparability regression 0.418 11.994 2.999 *15.42 0.000 of accounting error 16.721 0.194 information *Statistical significant level ( 0.01) Table (4) shows the validity of the form to test the hypothesis of the study and because the value of (F) is more than the level of significance ( 0.01), levels of freedom (4< 86), the dimensions of using computer explain (45.1%) of the variance in the total dependent variable (properties of accounting information), it also explains (23.4%) of the variance in the (adequacy of the accounting information), also (40.4%) of the variance in the reliability of the accounting information, it also explained the dimensions of using computer. (49%) of the variance in the (stability of the accounting information) dimension, finally it explained the dimensions of using computer (41.8%) of the variance in the comparability dimension. All mentioned previously emphasizes the role and effect of using computer in explaining the properties of accounting information, based on that we can test the hypotheses of the study.

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The first hypothesis: there is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of information on the properties of accounting information. Table number (5): The results of regression analysis of test the effect of using computers on the properties of accounting information. Use of computers B Standard Beta Calculated Level of error value of T significance Quality of 0.264 0.055 0.403 *4.789 0.000 computers used Adequate 0.189 0.056 0.303 *3.370 0.001 Software used Support and 0.123 0.064 0.172 **1.913 0.059 training offered to computer users Usability 0.056 0.056 0.094 **1.161 0.249 * Statistically significant at the level of ( 0.05) ** Not functional As shown in the statistical results from table (5) and from trailing values of (t), the following sub-variables related to (quality of computers used, adequate software used) are the most influential variables of computer use in the adequacy of accounting information, the value of calculated (t) (4.789, 3.370) respectively and level of significance (0.000, 0.001) respectively which are moral values at the level of significance (=0.01). The results also show that the following sub-variables concerning (support and training offered to computer users, usability) have no effect on the properties of the accounting information, the calculated value (1.193, 1.161) respectively and at a level of (significance 0.059, 0.249) respectively which is not statistically significant at the level (=0.05). From the above the following is required: rejecting the null hypothesis which states that there is no partial significant statistical impact in (quality of computers used, adequacy of software used) on the properties of accounting information, and accepting the null hypothesis which states that there is no important significant statistical impact on (support and training offered to computer users, usability) in the properties of accounting information. Second Hypothesis: There is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of computer on the adequate accounting information. The second hypothesis: There is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of computer on the adequate accounting information.

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Table number (6) The results of regression analysis of test the effect of using the computer on adequate accounting information. Use of computers B Standard error 0.072 Beta Calculated value of T *2.849 Level of significance 0.005

Quality of 0.205 0.283 computers used Adequate 0.194 0.073 0.281 *2.657 0.009 Software used Support and 0.047 0.084 0.060 **0.564 0.574 training offered to computer users Usability 0.032 0.07 0.042 **0.444 0.658 * Statistically significant at the level of ( 0.05) ** Not functional As shown in the statistical results from table (6) and from trailing values of (t), the following sub-variables related to (quality of computers used, adequate software used) are the most influential variables of computer use in the adequacy of accounting information, the value of calculated (t) (2.849, 2.657) respectively and level of significance (0.005, 0.009) respectively which are moral values at the level of significance (=0.01). The results also show that the following sub-variables concerning (support and training offered to computer users, usability) have no effect on the adequacy of accounting information, the calculated value is (0.564, 0.444) respectively and at a level of significance (0.574, 0.658) respectively which is not statistically significant at the level (=0.05). From the above the following is required: rejecting the null hypothesis which states that there is no partial significant statistical impact in (quality of computers used, adequacy of software used) on the adequacy of accounting information, and accepting the null hypothesis which states that there are no significant statistical impacts on (support and training offered to computer users, usability) on the adequacy of accounting information. Third Hypothesis: There is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of computer on the reliability of accounting information.

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Table number (7): The results of regression analysis to test the effect of using computer on the reliability (credibility) of accounting information. Use of computers B Standard error 0.060 Beta Calculated value of T *4.465 *3.106 **1.498 Level of significance 0.000 0.003 0.138

Quality of 0.269 0.392 computers used Adequate 0.190 0.061 0.292 Software used Support and 0.106 0.070 0.141 training offered to computer users Usability 0.069 0.061 0.095 * Statistically significant at the level of ( 0.05) ** Not functional

**1.122

0.265

As shown in the statistical results from table (7) and from trailing values of T, the following subvariables relate of computers used, adequate software used) are the most influential variables of computer use in the reliability of accounting information, the value of calculated T (4.465, 3.106) respectively and level of significance (0.000, 0.003) respectively which are moral values at the level of significance (=0.01). The results also show that the following sub-variables concerning (support and training offered to computer users, usability) have no effect on the reliability of accounting information, the calculated value is (1.498, 1.122) respectively and at a level of significance (0.138, 0.265) respectively which is not statistically significant at the level (=0.05). From the above the following is required: rejecting the null hypothesis which states that there is no partial significant statistical impact in (quality of computers used, adequacy of software used) on the reliability of accounting information, and accepting the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant statistical impact on (support and training offered to computer users, usability) on the reliability of accounting information.

Fifth Hypothesis: There is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of computer on the stability of accounting information. Table number (8): The results of regression analysis to test the effect of using computer on the stability of accounting information. Use of computers B Standard error 0.054 Beta Calculated value of T *4.666 *3.343 **2.659 Level of significance 0.000 0.001 0.009

Quality of 0.253 0.379 computers used Adequate 0.184 0.055 0.290 Software used Support and 0.168 0.063 0.231 training offered to computer users Usability 0.107 0.055 0.152 * Statistically significant at the level of ( 0.05) ** Not functional
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0.055

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As shown in the statistical results from table (8) and from trailing values of T, the following sub-variables related to (quality of computers used, adequate software used and support and training offered to the users of computers) are the most influential variables of computer use in the stability of accounting information, the value of calculated T (4.666, 3.343, 2.659) respectively and level of significance (0.000, 0.001, 0.009) respectively which are moral values at the level of significance (=0.01). The results also show that the following sub-variables concerning (usability) have no effect on the reliability of accounting information, the calculated value is (1.946) respectively and at a level of significance (0.055) respectively which is not statistically significant at the level (=0.05). From the above the following is required: rejecting the null hypothesis which states that there is no partial significant statistical impact in (quality of computers used, adequacy of software used and support and training offered to computer users) on the stability of accounting information, and accepting the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant statistical impact on (usability) on the stability of accounting information. Sixth Hypothesis: There is no significant effect with a statistical indication for the use of computer on the comparability of accounting information. Table number (9): The results of regression analysis to test the effect of using computer on the comparability of accounting information. Use of computers B Standard error 0.057 Beta Calculated value of T *4.357 *3.137 **2.057 Level of significance 0.000 0.002 0.043

Quality of 0.255 0.378 computers used Adequate 0.186 0.059 0.291 Software used Support and 0.141 0.068 0.191 training offered to computer users Usability 0.045 0.060 0.063 * Statistically significant at the level of ( 0.05) ** Not functional

**0.750

0.455

As shown in the statistical results from table (9) and from trailing values of (t), the following sub-variables related to (quality of computers used, adequate software used and support and training offered to the users of computers) are the most influential variables of computer use in the stability of accounting information, the value of calculated (t) (4.357, 3.137, 2.057) respectively and level of significance (0.000, 0.002, 0.043) respectively which are moral values at the level of significance (=0.01). The results also show that the following sub-variables concerning (usability) have no effect on the comparability of accounting information, the calculated value is
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(0.750) respectively and at a level of significance (0.455) respectively which is not statistically significant at the level (=0.05). From the above the following is required: rejecting the null hypothesis which states that there is no partial significant statistical impact in (quality of computers used, adequacy of software used and support and training offered to computer users) on the comparability of accounting information, and accepting the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant statistical impact on (usability) on the comparability of accounting information. Results and Recommendations Results: 1) Results indicated that the average answers of respondents on the dimensions of computer use (quality of computers used, adequate software, support and training provided to the users of computers, easiness of using) were moderate, and the overall average of computer use was (3.333). 2) The results show that the average answers of respondents on the dimensions of the properties of information (adequate accounting information, reliability of accounting information, stability of accounting information, comparability of accounting information) were high, and that the overall average of properties dimension of information was (3.93). 3) The results show that (76.9%) of the individuals of the samples see that the purpose of investing is trading in the short range while taking advantage of price differences. 4) The results show that all of the correlation relations are statistically significant at positive levels between the independent variables for computer use and properties of accounting information as a dependant variable, both at the total level or at the level of one dimension. The total value of the correlation relationship between the use of computer, and the properties of accounting information as a whole (0.643) which is a positive value which confirms the active role for using computer in its relation with the properties of accounting information. 5) The results indicated that there is a result for using computer in explaining the dimensions of the properties of accounting information and that the dimensions of using computer explains (45.1%) of the variants in the total dependant variable (properties of accounting information) and explains (23.4%) of the variants in the dimension of (adequate accounting information), it also explains (40.4%) of the variance in the dimension of (reliability of accounting information), it also explained the dimensions of using computers (49%) of the variance in the (stability of accounting information), in addition to explaining the dimensions of using computer (41.8%) of the variance in the (comparability of accounting information dimension).

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6) The results indicated that the following sub variables related to (the quality of computers used, adequate software used) are the most influent variables of computer use in the properties of accounting information. 7) The results indicated that the following sub variables related to (the quality of computers used, adequate software used) are the most influent variables of computer use in the adequate accounting information. The results also showed that the following sub variables related to (support and training offered to users of computers, usability) have no effect on the adequate accounting information. 8) The results also showed that the following sub variables related to (the quality of computers used, adequate software used) are the most influent variables of computer use in the reliability accounting information. The results also showed that the following sub variables related to (support and training offered to users of computers, usability) have no effect on the adequate accounting information. 9) The results also showed that the following sub variables related to (the quality of computers used, adequate software used, training and support offered to the users of computers) are the most influent variables of computer use in the stability accounting information and that the sub variable related to (usability) has no effect in the stability of accounting information. 10) The results also showed that the following sub variables related to (the quality of computers used, adequate software used, training and support offered to the users of computers) are the most influent variables of computer use in the comparability of accounting information, and the result indicated that the sub variable related to (usability) has no effect in the comparability of accounting information. Recommendations: 1) There is a need to keep up with the numerous and ongoing developments which are taking place in the modern business environment. The need to continue to develop the skills of investors in the integrated system of accounting information through continuing education courses and courses of professional competence in order to have access to all developments and changes that occur in every area. 2) There is a need to apply the integrated system of accounting information that need a set of basic requirements include both the accounting information system, a central data base, the use of modern technologies and a group of qualified individuals from both scientific and practical terms. 3) The importance of the need for an integrated accounting information system through the creation of relations of coordination, exchange, interdependence, between all of the information system of accounting (with all its subsystems) and use of computer and what might contribute to the achievement of a set of objectives including: reducing the cost of producing

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the necessary information to the different agencies, reduce the time and effort necessary to obtain information by the beneficiaries. 4) Since this study did not cover all the dimensions that it had kept the field open for future studies addressing other new dimensions related to the study variables such as (knowledge management, information technology).

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