11 Understanding Points, Lines, and Planes

Draw and label each of the following.

g $

1. a segment containing the points A and 8 2. a ray with endpoint M that passes through N

8
)------;

/y

3. a plane containing a line segment with endpoints X and Y

4. three coplanar lines intersecting ih one point. Name each of the following. 5. three coplanar points 6. a line contained in neither plane 7. a segment contained in plane R 8. a line contained in both planes FG A,B,C

8E

12 Measuring and Constructing Segments

Find the length of each segment. A
0011(

I I c> I -5

1 1 I I I I

BC
0

r-.11.AC
5

9. AB 3.5

10.8C

1.5

12. Sketch, draw, and construct a segment congruent to EF.

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23

Geometry

I CHAPTER 1 REVIEW CONTINUED I

13. B is between A and C. AC = 24 and BC = 11. Find AB. 14. Y is between X and Z. Find XY. 13

26
X
3X+ 2

z
+ 27.

14

M is the midpoint of AB. AM= 9x- 6, and BM = 6x 15. Find x.

11

16. Find AM.

93

17. Find BM.

93

1-3 Measuring and Constructing Angles

18. Name all the angles in the diagram.

LEFG, LEFH, LHFG Classify each angle by its measure.

o(

19. m L XYZ
acute

89

20. m L PQR = 150

21.m L BRZ= goo

right

obtuse

22. MT bisects L LMP, m L LMT, = (3x + 12)0 , and m L TMP, = (6x- 24) Find m L LMP.
0

23. Use a protractor and a straightedge to draw an 80 angle. Then bisect the angle.
/
/ /

/
/

/ /
/

14 Pairs of Angles

Tell whether the angles are only adjacent, adjacent and form a linear pair, or not adjacent.
24. L2 and L3

only adjacent adjacent and form a linear pair

25. L3 and L4

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24

Geometry

I CHAPTER 1 REVIEW CONTINUED I

26. L3 and L 1 not adjacent
0 ,

If mLA = (7 x- 12)

find the measure of each of the following. 28. complement of L A 102- 7x

27. supplement of L A 192- 7x

15 Using Formulas in Geometry

Find the perimeter and area of each figure.

29.

4x

30. i_j

+12x
2X+ 8

3x-2

= 9x + 6;

= 4x 2 + 16x
32.

P = 48x. A= 144x 2 '

2x

31.

x-3

P = 33 em; A= 50.06 cm 2

P = 6x - 6; A = 2x2 + 6x

33. Find the circumference and area of a circle with radius 9 in. Use then key on your calculator and round to the nearest tenth.
C 56.5 in.; A254.5 in
2

1-6 Midpoint and Distance in the Coordinate Plane

34. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of AB with endpoints A( -2, 6), and B(-4, -1).

(-3, 2.5)
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Geometry

CHAPTER 1 REVIEW CONTINUED

35. Sis the midpoint of RT, R has coordinates (-4, -3) and S has coordinates (3, 5). Find the coordinates of T.

(10, 13) 36. Using the distance formula, find PO and RS to the nearest tenth. Then determine if PO :::.: RS.

\126 = 5.1;

yes; PQ:::::: RS

37. Using the Distance Formula and the Pythagorean Theorem, find the distance, to the nearest tenth, from M(4, -3) to N(-5, 2).

v106:::::: 10.3

1-7 Transformations in the Coordinate Plane

Identify the transformation.Then use arrow notation to describe the

38.

FQc
'A BAo' 8
E
D

D'

39.K'DL'
K

transformation.

M
L

A'B'C'D'E'

reflection: ABCDE

rotation 90; JKLM J'K'L'M'

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26

Geometry

I CHAPTER 1 REVIEW CONTINUED I

40. Find the coordinates for the image of figure JKLM after the translation (x, y) (x- 1, y + 2). Graph the image.

J'(-6, 6), K'( -3, 8), L'(O, 6) M'(-3, 0)

41. A figure has vertices at A(2, 4), 8( -5, 1) and C(O, -3). After a transformation, the image of the figure has vertices at A'(5, 6), 8'( -2, 3), and C'(3, -1). Graph the preimage and image. Then, identify the transformation. Transformation: (x, y) (X+ 3, y+ 2)

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27

Geometry

H Chapter Review
21 Using Inductive Reasoning to Make Conjectures
Find the next term in each pattern. 1. 6, 12, 18, ... 2. January, April, July, ... October
Student Ann Betsy Carla Denise Ellen Morning Afternoon

24

3. The table shows the score on a reaction time test given to five students in both the morning and afternoon. The lower scores indicate a faster reaction time. Use the table to make a conjecture about reaction times. The scores for the afternoon test were lower, indicating a faster reaction time as compared to the morning test.

2.4
3.1

1.9

2.7
3.9

4.0 2.7 2.2

2.8 2 . 0

4. Show that the conjecture "If a number is a multiple of 5, then it is an odd number'' is false by finding a counterexample. (10, 20, 30) are counterexamples. . .

22 Conditional Statements
5. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional statement "Two angles whose sum is goo are complementary angles". Hypothesis:Two angles whose sum is goo. Conclusion:The angles are complementary. Write a conditional statement from each of the following.

If a number is an even number, then it is an integer. If an angle measurers 90, then the angle is a 7. An angle that measures goo is a right angle. right angle.

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43

Geometry

I CHAPTER 2 REVIEW CONTINUED

Determine if each conditional is true. If false, give a counterexample.

8. If an angle has a measure of goo, then it is an acute angle.

False, it is a right angle. 9. If

6x- 2 = 4x + 12, then x = 3.

False, x = 7

10. Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the statement "If a number is divisible by 4, then it is an even number." Find the truth value of each. converse: If a number is an even number, then it is divisible by 4 truth value: F inverse: If a number is not divisible by 4, tllen it is not an even number. truth value: F contrapositive: If a number is not an even number, then it is not divisible by 4. truth value: T

23 Using Deductive Reasoning to Verify Conjectures

11. Determine if the following conjecture is valid by the Law of Detachment. Given: Nicholas can watch 30 minutes of television if he cleans his room first. Nicholas cleans his room. Conjecture: Nicholas watches 30 minutes of television. Valid 12. Determine if the following conjecture is valid by the Law of Syllogism. Given: If a point A is on MN, then it divides MN into MA and AN. If MA AN then A is the midpoint of MN. Conjecture: If a point is on MN, then A is the midpoint of MN. No, it is not valid.

24 Biconditional Statements and Definitions

13. For the conditional "If two angles are complementary, then the sum of the measures is goo," write the converse and a biconditional statement. Converse: If the sum of the measures of two angles is goo, then the two angles are conplementary. Biconditional statement: Two angles are complementary if and only if the sum of their measures is goo.

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44

Geometry

I CHAPTER 2 REVIEW CONTINUED I

14. Determine if the biconditional "A point divides a segment into two congruent segments if and only if the point is the midpoint of the segment," is true. If false, give a counterexample.
True

2-5 Algebraic Proof

Solve each equation. Write a justification for each step.

15.m+3=-2

16. 3m- 4 = 20 +4 +4, Add. Prop. of Equality 3m= 24, Simplify.

3;' = 234 Div.

-3 -3 Sub. Prop. of Equality m = -5 Simplify.

-2(_x2 ) = -5(-2), Mult Prop. of Equality x = 10 Simplify.

Prop. of Equality m = 8 Simplify. Identify the property that justifies each statement.

18. mL1mL2, so mL 1 mL3 = mL2 = mL3

Addition Property of Equality

19. MN PO, so POMN

Symmetric Property of Congruence

20. AB = CD and CD so AB= EF

EF,

21. mLA = mLA

Transitive Property of Equality

Reflexive Property of Equality

2-6 Geometric Proof

22. Fill in the blanks to complete the two-column proof. . mLMOP = mLROP = goo G rven: L 1 L4 Prove: L2L3 Proof:
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45

Geometry

I CHAPTER 2 REVIEW CONTINUED I

i I
Statements

----

- --

'--- ,-LROP =goo 1. mLMOP = m L1 :.= L4

Reasons 1. Given 2. Definition of Congruent Angles

J 2. mL 1 = m L4
1 m-L1 mL2 = mLMOP 3 j mL3 + mL4 = mLMOP
1

3. Angle Addition Postulate 4. Transitive Property of Equality 5. Substitution

I

.... ----- 4. mL1 + mL2 = mL3 + mL4

m_ 1

+ m L2 = m L 3 + m L 1

L2 _ mL_ 3 23. Use the given plan to write a two-column proof. Given: LMOPL NOQ Prove: L MON = LPOQ

j 6. Subtraction..Proprty of Equality

Plan: By the definition of angle 0 congruence, mLMOP = mLNOQ. Use the angle addition postulate to show that mLMOP = mLMON + mLNOP. Show a similar statement for LNOQ. Use the given fact to equate mLMON + mLNOP and mLPOQ + mLNOP. The subtraction property of equality allows you to show m L MON = mLPOQ. Use the definition of congruent triangles to establish what needs to be proved. Statements LMOP ::::: LNOQ , mLMOP = mLNOQ mLMON + mLNOP = mLMOP mLPOQ + mLNOP = mLNOQ mLMON mLNOP Given Definition of Congruent Angles Angle Addition Postulate Transitive Property of Equality Subtraction Property of Equality Definition of Congruent Angles Reasons

+ mLNOP =

mLPOQ +

mLMON = mLPOQ LMON::::: LPOQ

--

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46

Geometry

3-1 Lines and Angles

Identify each of the following. Sample answer: BC and AD Sample answer: AB and BC 4. a pair of parallel planes Sample answer: plane BHGC and plane AEFD

1. a pair of parallel segments

2. a pair of perpendicular segments 3. a pair of skew segments Sample answer: AE and CD

Give an example of each angle pair.

L2 and L7, L6 and L3

5. alternate interior angles

6. corresponding angles 7. alternate exterior angles

L1 and L3, L2 and L4, L5 and L 7, L6 and LB

8. same-side interior angles

L1 and LB, L4 and L5

L2 and L3, L6 and L7

3-2 Angles Formed by Parallel Lines and Transversals

Find each angle measure.

9.

10.

11.

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Geometry

I CHAPTER 3 REVIEW CONTINUED I

33 Proving Lines Parallel
Use the given information and the theorems and postulates you have learned to show that a II b. Converse c.:rf Alternate Interior .l\ng!es Theorem

12. mL2

mL 7

13. m L 3 x mL 7 = 180

Same-side interior angles have a sum of 180 degrees.

14. mL4 = (4x + 34t, mL7 = (7x- 38) 0 , x

15. mL 1mL5
=

24 Corresponding angles are congruent.

Corresponding angles are congruent.

16. If L 1 :::: L 2, write a paragraph proof to show that DC It is given that L1 :.:::: L2, and since vertical angles are congruent, L2 :.:::: L3. By the transitive property, L 1 :::: L3 and therefore DC II AB because when two lines are cut by a transversal, and corresponding angles are congruent, the lines are parallel (corresponding angles congruent postulate).

II AB.

.- 1r--- ---- t
8

3-4 Perpendicular Lines

17. Complete the two-column proof below.
Given: r _l_ v, L 1 :::: L2 Prove: r _l_ s

.-I

---- - ---

Statements
I

Reasons

lo---

1 . r _l_ v, L 1L2

1. Given 2. Converse of corresponding angles are congruent

2. s II v
1

I
j

J
Geometry

3. r _l_ s

Perpen icular transversal theore

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67

l CHAPTER 3 REVIEW CONTINUED I

3-5 Slopes of Lines
Use the slope formula to determine the slope of each line.

1a.

cr
4

19.

A8
3
4

20.

Ef:
i 2

21.

Da
2 3

Find the slope of the line through the given points.

22. R(2, 3) and S(4, 9)

23. C(4, 6) and 0(8, 3) 25. S(4, 0) and T(3, 4)

3 4

24. H( -8, 7) and /(2, 7) zero

-4

Graph each pair of lines and use their slopes to determine if they are parallel, perpendicular, or neither. 26.

Co and AB for

A(3, 6), 8(6, 12), C(4, 2), and 0(5, 4)

27.

rM and NP for L( -6, 1), M(1, 8),

N(-1, -2), and P(-3, 0)

parallel

perpendicular

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68

Geometry

I CHAPTER 3 REVIEW CONTINUED I

28.

Ps and Rs for P(6,

6), 0(5, 7), R(5, -2), and S(7, 2)

29.

GH and FJ for F( -5,

-4), G( -3, -10), H(-5, 0), and J( -8, -1)

neither

neither

36 Lines in the Coordinate Plane

Write the equation of each line in the given form.

30. the line through (1, -1) and ( -3, -3) in slope-intercept form
31. the line through ( -5, -6) with slopein point-slope form 32. the line with y-intercept 3 through the point (4, 1) in slope-intercept form

y=x-2
2

Y + 6 = 5(x + S)

33. the line with x-intercept 5 and y-intercept -2 in slope-intercept form

Graph each line.

y= 2 x- 2

34. y= -3x+ 2

35.x= 4

36. y

+2

-1(x - 3)
:=)..)....

)y

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69

Geometry

I CHAPTER 3 REVIEW CONTINUED I

Write the equation of each line.

37.

38.

39.

X=

-3

y=3

= -:-2x + 1

Determine whether the lines are parallel, intersect, or coincide.

4x+5y=10 40. Y
=

- x+ 2

41

_y=-7x+1 y= -7x- 3
parallel

42

y= 6x- 5 4x + 6y= 8
intersect

coincide

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70

Geometry

Chapter Review

41 Classifying Triangles
Classify each triangle by its angle measure.

1. 6XYZ
Acute

2.6XYW Equiangular

3.6XZW Obtuse
X

Classify each triangle by its side lengths.

4. 60EF
Equilateral

5. 6DEG
Scalene

6.6EFG Isosceles
F

&
.
L

42 Angle Relationships in Triangles

Find each angle measure.

7. mLACB

B.mLK

M
9. A carpenter built a triangular support structure for a roof. Two of the angles of the structure measure 32.5 and 47.5. Find the measure of the third angle.

43 Congruent Triangles
Given l:lABC :::: l:lXYZ. Identify the congruent corresponding parts.

10. BC::::
12. LA-

YZ

11.

zxLB

LX

13. L Y::::

Given f:lJKL - f:lPQR. Find each value.

L K R Q

14.x
14

15. RP 15
J

2y-1

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Geometry

I CHAPTER 4 REVIEW CONTINUED I

16. Given:

e II k; 80 CD; A8

:::: AC; AD

l_

CB; AD l_ XW; L XAC WAB

Prove: 6A80 6ACD

e
k

c
Statements
1. 80 CO ; AB :::: AC;

Reasons 1. Given 2. Reflexive Property of Congruence

2. ADAD 3.

e 11 k; AD 1_ C8;

AD 1_

xw

3. Given 4. Def. of
l_

4. LADB and LADC are right angles.

5. L ADB LADC

lines

5. Rt. L :::: Thm

6. LXAC ==: LWAB

7. L XAC :::::: L ACO; L WAB LABO

6. Given
7. Parallel lines cut by a transversal, alternate interior angles are congruent. 8. Transitive Property of Congruence 9. Third Angles Theorem

8. LACD :::: LABD 9. LCAO:::: LBAD 10. b.ABD :::: b.ACD

10. Def of Congruent Triangles

44 Triangle Congruence: SSS and SAS 17. Given that HIJK is a rhombus, use SSS to explain
why 6HIL 6JKL.

HI:::: JK by the definition of a rhombus. HL :::: JL and Ll:::: LK because diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.Therefore, b.HIL :::: b.JKL by SSS.

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Geometry

I CHAPTER 4 REVIEW CONTINUED I

18. Given: NR ::::: PR; MR QR Prove: L.MNR L.QPR Statements Reasons

1. NR PR; MR :=:-OR
2. LMRN - LQRP

1. Given
2. Vertical angles are congruent
Q

3. L.MNR::::: L.QPR

13. SAS

4-5 Triangle Congruence: ASA, AAS, and HL

Determine if you can use the HL Congruence Theorem to prove the triangles congruent. If not, tell what else you need to know.

19. L.HIK L.JIK

No; HI :::= Jl

20. L.PQR L.RSP

Yes

J 21. Use ASA to prove the triangles congruent. Given: 80 bisects LABC and LADC Prove: L.ABD ::::: 6CBD Statements 1. SD bisects LABC and LADC 2. LASD :::= LCBD, LADS :::= LCDS 3. SD= SD 4. L..ASD :::= b..CSD Reasons 1. Given

s
A

2. Definition of angle bisector 3. Reflexive property of congruent angles 4.ASA

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Geometry

I CHAPTER 4 REVIEW CONTINUED I

46 Triangle Congruence: CPCTC
22. Given: UZYZ, VZ Prove: XY VU Statements Reasons 1. Given 2. Vertical angles are congruent 3. SAS

== XZ

1. UZ== YZ, VZ== XZ

2. LUZV== LYZX

3. !;:,.UZV

== /;:,. YZX

4. XY:::: VU

4. CPCTC

4 7 Introduction to Coordinate Proof

Position each figure in the coordinate plane. 23. a right triangle with legs 3 and 4 units in length
-4 - :. (0 3) i ....-.....;.
.

Answers will vary. Sample answers shown.

24. a rectangle with sides 6 and 8 units in length

...

;_ _ _ ..:._
. !...........

; :

-8

..6.._------'-----f;J
-- - ------ --

....

j _,: ..:.....:...............: .. .

:tb :r!}Fi-(s;:
-1 ......

1-H-d+H "2 "4-= "ij"' h"

Q)

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Geometry

I CHAPTER 4 REVIEW CONTINUED I

48 Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles
25. Assign coordinates to each vertex and write a coordinate proof. Given: rectangle ABCD with diagonals intersecting at z Prove: CZ = DZ Y

The coordinates of z are

r ) \ a,

because

--------

(0, c)

diagonals of rectangles bisect each other, meaning they intersect at each other's midpoints. By the midpoint formula the coordinates of z are {\Q.+a 2 ' 2 .

O+c)

CZ = (O--- -a-)2 __+_( c -- ----)2 -=

DZ = CZ
2 2

Ja + tc J .. - - Therefore, ...----J<o- a ) + (0- c ) = Jta + tc

2
2 2 2

= DZ, which means CZ:::: DZ.

Find each angle measure.

26. mL B

27. mLHEF

28. Given: b.PQR has coordinates P(O, 0), Q(2a, 0), and R(a, aV3) Prove: 6PQR is equilateral. y

PQ = v'(o QR

- 2a)2 + (0
2

- 0)2 = 2a :.. : '{2a;--o) x I I I I I 8 ' 12 6 1 :Q

= V(2a - a)2 + (0 - av3)2 = 2a

RP = Y(a

- 0) + (aV3 - 0)

= 2a

Since PQ

QR

RP, t6.PQR is equilateral.

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Geometry

HIChapter Review
5-1 Perpendicular and Angle Bisectors
Find each measure.

1. BC
B 5.6 0

2.RS

3.XW

c
11.2
43

w
27

4. Write an equation in point-slope form for the perpendicular bisector of the segment with endpoints K(10, 3) and L( -2, -5).

52 Bisectors of Triangles
5. NP, OP, MP are the perpendicular bisectors of i'::.JKL. Find PK and JM. K
6. DH and OG are angle bisectors of i'::.EGH. Find mLEHD and the distance from 0 to GH.
G

PK= 9.9 JM = 7.3

mLEHD = 44o DH= 42

E 7. Find the circumcenter of i'::.JKL with vertices J(O, 6), K(B, 0) and L(O, 0). (4, 3)

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Geometry

I CHAPTER 5 REVIEW CONTINUED I

53 Medians and Altitudes of Triangles
8. Nathan cuts a triangle with vertices at coordinates (0, 4), (6, 0), and (3, -2) from a piece of grid paper. At what coordinates should he place the tip of a pen to balance the triangle? ( 2)

3,3

9. Find the orthocenter of 6WYX with vertices W(1, 2), X(7, 2), and Y(3, 5).

54 The Triangle Midsegment Theorem

10. Find BA, JC, and mLFBA in 6KCJ. BA = 29 JC = 134 mLFBA = 40
K

11. What is the distance MP across the lake?

N

102 meters

12. Write an indirect proof that an equiangular triangle can not have an obtuse angle.

may vary. An equiangular triangle 1 Prove: The triangle does not have an obtuse angle I 2. Assume the equiangular triangle has an obtuse angle 3. An equilateral triangle, by definition, is a triangle whose angles are all congruent. Since the sum of the angles in a triangle measure 180, then each angle in an equiangular triangle must measure 60. j An obtuse angle, by definition, is an angle whose measure is greater! than goo. Since 60 is less then 90, none of the angles are obtuse. 1 I 4. Original conjecture is true. An equiangular triangle cannot have an j obtuse an le.

. G ;:

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Geometry

I CHAPTER 5 REVIEW CONTINUED I

55 Indirect Proof and Inequalities in One Triangle
13. Write the angles of 6QRS
in order from smallest to largest. R
41
Q

14. Write the sides of 6ABC in order from shortest to longest.

c
62.4

mLRSQ mLRQS mLORS

AC, AB, BC

Tell whether a triangle can have sides with given lengths. Explain. 15. 7.7, 9.4, 16.1 16. 3r,

r + 4, r 2 when r = 5

Yes, the sum of each pair of lengths is greater than the third length.

No, the sum of the pair of lengths is not greater than the third length in all cases.

17. The distance from Tyler's house to the library is 3 miles. The distance from his home to the park is 12 miles. If the three locations form a triangle, what is the range of distance from the library to the park? 9 < d< 15 miles

56 Inequalities in Two Triangles

18. Compare KL and NP.
N

19. Compare mLBAD and

mLCAD.
A

20. Find the range of values of x.

v
1.5

NP>KL

mLBAD > mLCAD

<X< 19

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119

Geometry