SPC - 7 BASIC TOOLS

2013.10.22 By ML

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC)-7 BASIC TOOLS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Check Sheet Stratification Scatter Diagram Histogram Pareto Chart Control Chart Cause and Effect Diagram

CHECK SHEET
Data record
Develop a matrix for data collection.

Checklist
To list all necessary items and their status.

STRATIFICATION ANALYSIS
Stratification Variables Stratification Tables Graph chart Advanced chart

To group your data by a stratification variable.

Summary Statistics by Groups or Levels of an Output. Common Summary Statistics include: Mean, Standard Deviation, Sums, Counts

Bar Graphs / Pie Charts / Flow Chart / Contingency table.

Stratify distributions using multiple histograms or multiple box plots

SCATTER DIAGRAM

EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN..

X and Y

HISTOGRAM
Normal manufacturing process, normal quality Limitation Data from difference sources.

HISTOGRAM VS. BAR GRAPH

Histogram
Size, shape and the density of interval. Normal manufacturing process, normal quality

Bar chart (bar graph)

Height The distribution of research subject.

CREATING HISTOGRAM
1. Collecting input data (n>50). 2. Define K (base on sampling size, density of the bin, narrow the interval) Either the experience or use the formula K=1+3.32*log(n) 3. Define I the Range : R=Xmax Xmin i= R/ K (take the odd number) 4. Bin range L = Xmin-(unit/2), U=L+I apply to other number, till > Xmax 5. On the Tools menu, click Data Analysis. 6. In the Analysis Tools box, click Histogram, and then click OK.

REVIEW THE 4 BASIC TOOLS

Check Sheet Stratification Scatter Diagram Histogram A systematic and constantly, data record collection. Category the cause of variation, distinct the difference. To find out the relationship of two variables. Represent tabulated frequency, often for density estimation.
Cause and effect relationship
Problem identification Cause and effect relationship Cause and effect relationship Problem identification

Problem identification

we found the process in red circle is Clarify with the issue X, does it associate with factor Y; the major problem. the other way is to stratify the process we noticed that its not a normal which in red circle. distribution thru histogram chart.

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM

Measurement
Materials

Method
Analytical procedure

Sampling

REVIEW THE OTHER 3 BASIC TOOLS

Pareto Chart Control Chart 80-20 rule. With comparing lines, to find and correct the process variation when unpredictable (out of control). The fishbone diagram identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem. It can be used to structure a brainstorming session. It immediately sorts ideas into useful categories.

Cause and Effect Diagram

ADDRESS YOUR CONCLUSION

Follow MECE Principle mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive
East South Blue North Seattle West East West North

East

west

south

Grouping

Find whatve been missing north

East

South Blue West

direction
East West South

North Seattle

Summarizing North