Crescent Girls' School

Mathematics Department

Quadratic Equations
Contents 1.1 1.2 1. 1." 1.# 1.% 1.1 Introduction Solve quadratic equation by completing the square Solve quadratic equation by !ormula Solve !ractional equations Solve $ord problems on quadratic equations Summary Introduction

&hat is a 'uadratic (quation) *********************************************************************** (+amples o! quadratic equations are *********************************************************************** &e have learnt ho$ to solve quadratic equations in ,o$er Secondary using Factorisation. (+ample 1 a. Solve the !ollo$ing equations by !actorisationb.

2 x 2 = /x

( 2 x 1)( x 2) = #

NOTE: Did you substitute your solutions back into the equation to confirm your answer?

0o$ try solving / x 2 + 2 x 2 = 1 using !actorisation again.

Can it be done) Is there another other methods $e can use to solve the above equation)

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Crescent Girls' School 1.2 Solve quadratic equations by completing the square

Mathematics Department

,et us try to solve the !ollo$ing equations a.

( x + 2) 2

= 2#

b.

( x )2

=/

It can be deduced that any quadratic equation $ritten in the !orm ( x + p ) 2 = q 7 $here p and q are real numbers7 the solutions can be !ound. Note: Expressions of the form of ( a + b ) 2 or ( a b ) 2 are referred as perfect squares. (.g. *************************************************************** ,et us ta8e a loo8 at this equation / x 2 + 2 x 2 = 1 given earlier again. &e $ill solve the equations by !ollo$ing the steps belo$Step1: Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient of x2 if it is not 1.

Step 2: Subtract the constant term from both sides.

Step 3: Add the square of half the coefficient of x to both sides.

Step 4: e!rite the left"hand side as a perfect square.

Step #: Solve the equation by ta$in% square root on both sides.

9his method is call : Completing the square: method.

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Crescent Girls' School (+ample 2

Mathematics Department

Solve the !ollo$ing equations using :Completing the square: method7 giving your ans$er correct to signi!icant !igures.

a.

2x 2 + ; x + 2 = 1

b.

#x 2 "x 2 = 1

c.

1 2 1 x + x =1 " / 2

Homework (Practice 3A) Pg. 43 '1<c7 d7 !7 g7 h.7 2<c7 !7 g7 =.

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Crescent Girls' School

Mathematics Department

1. Solve quadratic equation by !ormula &e have learnt ho$ to solve quadratic equations using the method o! completing the square. Since the general !orm o! a quadratic equation is ******************7 $here a7 b7 and c are real numbers and a 1 7 $e shall use the method o! completing the square to derive a !ormula !or the solution to all quadratic equations.
ax 2 + bx + c = 1

Step1: Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient of x2 if it is not 1.

Step 2: Subtract the constant term from both sides.

Step 3: Add the square of half the coefficient of x to both sides.

Step 4: e!rite the left"hand side as a perfect square.

Step #: Solve the equation by ta$in% square root on both sides.

>ence7 i! 7 then

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Crescent Girls' School (+ample a.

Mathematics Department

Solve the !ollo$ing equations using the !ormula. Give your ans$ers corrected to signi!icant !igures.

1" x 2 + 1; x % = 1

b.

x2 2 x =1 % "

c.

x % " x + = + % x x "

Homework (Practice 3B) Pg. 45 '1<e7 !.7 2<a7 d7 87 t7 +7 y7 ?.

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Crescent Girls' School 1." Solve !ractional equations

Mathematics Department

&e shall no$ learn about !ractional equations $hich can be reduced to quadratic equations. (+ample " a. (+press the !ollo$ing equations into the !orm ax 2 + bx + c = 1 .
= 1 %1

1 1 x x+

b.

2x #( x + = x 12

c.

2 d % 2 =1 d+ d 2

d.

" =1 m + m + 2 m 2 + #m + %
2

Homework (Practice 3C) Pg. 47 '1<b7 d.7 2<b7 c.7 a7 "<b7 d.7 #b 3%3 ,456211

Crescent Girls' School 1.# Solve $ord problems on quadratic equations (+ample # a.

Mathematics Department

9he product o! t$o consecutive odd numbers is 22#. @ind the numbers.

b.

A $ire o! length 211cm is cut into t$o parts and each is bent to !orm a square. I! the area o! the larger square is 2 times that o! the smaller square7 !ind the perimeter o! the larger square.

c.

An aircra!t !lies !rom A to 47 "#18m a$ay7 and bac8 !rom 4 to A in a total time o! #.# hours. During the $hole =ourney there is a constant $ind blo$ing !rom A to 4. I! the speed o! the aircra!t in still air is 1%# 8m6h7 !ind the speed o! the $ind.

d.

A group o! students are on a sightseeing tour. 9he total !are is B121 and is to be shared equally among the students. I! t$o more students =oin in the tour7 each $ill pay B2 less. @ind the original number o! students in a group.

Homework (Practice 3D) Pg. 50 '%7 ;7 /7 117 1#7 1%7 1;7 21 3;3 ,456211

Crescent Girls' School 1.% Summary

Mathematics Department

Solving 'uadratic (quations 9o solve quadratic equations7 there are methods7 namely 1. @actorisation Solve the equation +2 C 2+ C / D 1 +2 C 2+ C / D 1 <+32.< + E". D 1 9here!ore- +32 D 1 or + E " D 1 + D 2 or + D 3" + D 2 or + D 31 2. Completing the Square 2+2 E+ C % D 1
x 2 x +2 E 2 1 <+ E " 1 +E "
1

x2 E

D1 E<
1 2 . "

1 2 . D " "2 .2 D 1% "2 D 1%

E<

+ D 1.# or 32 . @ormula 9he General quadratic equation is a+2 E b+ E c D 1 Its solution is given by the !ormula7 +D
b b" ! 2a ac

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