FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

1. Enumerate the control attributes of various FACT Controllers that are used in practice with their diagrams. 2. A) What is meant by Limits of Loading Capability? Explain them in detail. B) What is meant by Controllable parameter? Explain their relative importance in control of power flow in a power system. 3. A) Into how many categories FACTS Controllers are divided? Explain them in detail. B) Explain the relative Importance of Different Types of FACTS Controllers. 4. A) What is meant by Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)? Explain different types of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with the help of a neat circuit diagram. B) What is meant by Combined Shunt and series Connected Controllers? Explain different types of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with the help of a neat circuit diagram. 5. Explain the operation of 12-pulse voltage-sourced converter with wye and delta secondaries of a transformer with the help of a neat circuit diagram and draw relevant waveforms. 6. Explain the operation of Three-Level Voltage-Sourced converter with the help of a neat circuit diagram and derive expression for fundamental and harmonic voltages. 7. Explain the operation of Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) converter with a neat circuit diagram and explain how PWM Inverter is useful in eliminating harmonic components. Draw the necessary waveforms. 8. A) List out the advantages and disadvantages of current-sourced over voltage-sourced converters B) What is meant by current source Inverter? Name the different types of current source Inverters and explain them. 9. Explain the operation of a three-phase, full-wave thyristor-based currentsourced converter with the help of a neat circuit diagram and waveforms. 10. What is meant by Commutation failure? Explain Commutation failure in a thyristor-based line-com mutated converter.

POWER QUALITY

1. What is meant by Power Quality? Explain in detail. 2. A) Is Power Quality is equal to Voltage Quality? Justify your answer. B) Why Power engineers are most concerned about Power Quality? Explain. 3. A) Name different Basic steps involved in a power quality evaluation and explain them. B) What are the general Classes of Power Quality Problems? Explain them in detail. 4. Name the commonly used power quality terms and define them. 5. What is meant by Transients in power system? Explain about different categories of transients in power system. 6. A) What is meant by Long-Duration Voltage Variations? How many types of Long-Duration Voltage Variations are there and explain them. B) What is meant by Short-Duration Voltage Variations? How many types of Short-Duration Voltage Variations are there and explain them. 7. A) Define Voltage Fluctuation and Power Frequency Variations. B) Voltage Fluctuation in a power system in detail. 8. Explain in detail how Voltage Sag Performance is estimated? 9. What meant by Utility Capacitor-Switching Transients and explain them in detail. 10. Name the different Devices for Overvoltage Protection and explain about (a) Surge arresters and transient voltage surge suppressors (b) Low-impedance power conditioners. 11. What is meant by Utility System Lightning Protection and explain in detail how it is achieved by using (a) Shielding (b) Line arresters 12. Name the different Switching Transient Problems with Loads explain in detail about (a) Transformer energizing (b) Transients from load switching.