This is an amazing trick which was always appreciated by the audience I have addressed in various workshops.

This awe inspiring technique helps you find out the cube root of a 4 or 5 or 6 digits number mentally. efore going further on the method to find the cube root! please make a note of the following points " 1) #ube of a $%digit number will have at ma& 6 digits '(()* + (,-!$((.. That implies if you are given with a 6 digit number! its cube root will have $ digits. 2) This trick works only for perfect cubes! it will not work for any arbitrary 6%digit 3) It works only for integers /ow let us start with the trick to find cube root of a 5 or 6 digit number in vedic mathematic way. 0ay you have to find the cube root of 54872. It is known that it1s a perfect cube. /ow divide this number into two parts. The right hand side should always have * digits. 2emaining digits will come in left hand side. 3o it as shown below. 54 | 872

4ou know the answer will have $ digits. 3igit at tens place and digit at units place. 5e will get the digit at tens place using the left hand side of the original number '54. and digit at units place using right hand side of the number '6,$. Step 1. 7emorize these tables 'very soon you will know why. " Table 1: Cube of 1 to 10 Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cube 1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512 729 1000

Table 2: Units digit of Cube Roots Cube Ends in Cube Root Ends in 1 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Step 2.

8 7 4 5 6 3 2 9 0

8or left hand side we need to use table 9. 5e have to see between which $ numbers in the $nd column do 54 lies. In this case it lies between $, and 64. 0o we will take the cube root of the smaller number i.e. $, which is *. 0o * is the tens digit of the answer. Step 3. 8or right hand side we need to use table $. 0ince our original number 'the perfect cube. ends in $ 'see 546,2), its cube root will end in 6. Thus the units digit will be 6. #ombining the results we get the answer as *6. Thus '546,$.)9:* + *6 Try for perfect cubes like 9659(*! 4$6,5! 9,$6.

;et ready for another trick which will help in finding out the square root of a 4 or 5 or 6 digits number mentally. efore going further on the method to find the square root! please make a note of the following points "

9. 0quare of a $%digit number will have at ma& 4 digits '(()$ + (6-9.. That implies if you are given with a 4 digit number! its square root will have $ digits. <ence! square root of 5 or 6 digit number will be a * digit number. $. This trick works only for perfect squares! it will not work for any arbitrary 4 or 5 or 6 "digit. #heck out the method of finding square root of number which is not a perfect square *. It works only for integers /ow let us start with the trick to find square root in vedic maths way. 0ay you have to find the square root of 3481. It must be known that it1s a perfect square. /ow divide this number into two parts. The right hand side should always have $ digits. 2emaining digits will come in left hand side. 3o it as shown below. 34 | 81

4ou know the answer will have $ digits. 3igit at tens place and digit at units place. 5e will get the digit at tens place using the left hand side of the original number '*4. and digit at units place using right hand side of the number '69. Step 1. 7emorize these tables 'very soon you will know why. " Table 1: Square of 1 to 10 Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Square 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100

8or finding square root of 5 digit numbers you need to know the square of number greater than 9Table 2: Units digit of Square Roots Square Root Ends Square Ends in in 1 1 or 9

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

NA NA 2 or 8 5 4 or 6 NA NA 3 or 7 0

=lease note that numbers with unit1s digit being $! *! , and 6 can1t be perfect squares. <ence /> 'not applicable. is written in front of such numbers.

Step 2. 8or left hand side we need to use table 9. 5e have to see between which $ numbers in the $nd column do *4 lies. In this case it lies between $5 and *6. 0o we will take the square root of the smaller number i.e. $5 which is 5. 0o 5 is the tens digit of the answer. Step 3. 8or right hand side we need to use table $. 0ince our original number 'the perfect square. ends in 9 'see $461.! its square root will end in either 9 or (. Step 4. ?ust observe the left hand side of the number carefully i.e. *4. If it1s closer to larger square in step $ '*6.! we1ll choose the bigger number out of 9 and (. If it would have been closer to smaller square in step $ 'i.e. $5.! we would have taken smaller number i.e. 9 as the unit1s digit <owever! in this case *4 is closer to bigger square i.e. *6! hence! the unit digit will be ( and not 9. #ombining the above results we get the answer as 5(. Thus '*469.)9:$ + 5( 8ind the square root of 9*66(! ,($9 and 9$(6. =ost your answers below. I hope you like the trick to find the square root. @eave your comments below.

Today's Headlines Saturday, July 25, 200

!edi" #at$e%ati"s &esson 10' #ultipli"ation Spe"ial (ase 3
This is the last of the special cases that can be derived as a corollary from the general method we have dealt with in previous lessons. This special case deals with the squaring of numbers. 4ou can find previous posts about Vedic Mathematics belowA The upasutra 'sub%rule. that applies to this case reads 4avadhunam Thavadhunikritya Barga #ha 4oCayetu. @iterally! this means 5hatever The D&tent Ef The 3eficiency! @essen It 8urther To That D&tentF >nd >lso 0et Gp The 0quare Ef That 3eficiency. 5e will illustrate the application of this corollary by working out a simple e&ample. @et us compute the square of (4 using the method e&plained above. 8rom our previous lessons! we know that the figure below can be drawn to calculate the square of (4A (4 % 6 (4 % 6 %%%%%%%%%%% 66 H *6 This directly gives us the answer to the problem as 66*6. /ow let us see how the special case is applicable in this case. 5e see that the left hand side of the answer is equivalent to the number to be squared reduced by the deficiency of that number from the base. This is obviously the application of 5hatever The D&tent Ef The 3eficiency! @essen It 8urther To That D&tent. The right hand side is simply the square of the deficiency. This is the application of >nd >lso 0et Gp The 0quare Ef That 3eficiency. The algebraic e&planation of this corollary can be derived directly from the algebraic e&planation of the general method that has been provided in previous lessons. /ow we will apply this special case to solve a few more problems. 6( & 6( + ,($9 'the right hand side of the answer is 9$9 'the square of 99.! so we carry over the 9 to the left hand side! which started out as 6( % 99 + ,6. (( & (( + (6-9 'the right hand side of the answer has been padded with zeroes to the left so that it has the same number of digits as the number of zeroes in the base. ((, & ((, + ((4--( 'once again! the right hand side of the answer has been padded with the appropriate number of zeroes. 66- & 66- + ,,44-- 'the left hand side of the answer has been augmented by the carryover of 94 to the left hand side from the original right hand side of 944--. /ow! let us e&amine how to modify the upa%sutra slightly to deal with squares of numbers that are a little greater than the base rather than being a little less than the base. @et us deal with the case of 9-5 & 9-5. 5e get the figure below when we use the method we have learnt in previous lessonsA

9-5 I 5 9-5 I 5 %%%%%%%%%%% 99- H $5 The general rule thus becomes quite clearA instead of reducing the number by the deficiency! if there is an e&cess! increase the number by the e&cess to get the left hand side of the answer. >s before! use the square of the e&cess as the right hand side of the answer. /otice that the square of 9-5 could have been derived simply by using the technique e&plained in the previous lesson for squaring of numbers ending in 5. ut! the application of the technique e&plained in this chapter to the same problem serves to illustrate that there are several tools to perform the same function! and it is up to us to choose the method that is most suitable and easy to apply to the given situation. @et us now solidify our understanding of the technique by applying it to a few more problemsA 9* & 9* + 96( '* is the e&cess of 9* over 9-! 96 is 9* I the e&cess! and ( is the square of the e&cess. 9--* & 9--* + 9--6--( 'the right hand side has been padded with zeroes to make it * digits long! the same length as the number of zeroes in our base! 9---. 99-- & 99-- + 9$9---- 'the original left hand side of 9$-- has been added to the carryover of 9from the right hand side to get the final answer. 999 & 999 + 9$*$9 'the original left hand side of 9$$ has been added to the carryover of 9 from the right hand side to get the final answer. That is all there is to it. This has been a short lesson! but hopefully! this has been a useful addition to our arsenal of mental arithmetic techniques. >s is always the case! when we start accumulating more and more tools for our toolbo&! it is important to understand the functions! strengths and weaknesses of each tool! and use the most appropriate tool for the Cob that confronts us at any given point. =racticing is the key to understanding the tools at our disposal. <appy computing! and good luckJ