Madaray, Magsambol, Salvacion, Santiago, Tongco

HRIM 112

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR Father of Scientific Management

Biography Early Life Born on 20 March 1856 in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Parents: o Franklin Taylor o Emily Annette Taylor (ne Winslow) Marriage: o Louise M. Spooner of Philadelphia o 3 May 1884

Education Educated early by his mother Studied for 2 years in France and Germany; travelled Europe for 18 months 1872: entered Philips Exeter Academy (Exeter, New Hampshire) 1874: passed Harvard entrance examinations with honors Became an apprentice pattern-maker and machinist

Work Enterprise Hydraulic Works o Founded in Philadelphia o Pump-manufacturing company Death -

1878: Midvale Steel Works o Machine-shop labourer o Start of Taylors management observations o Recognized that workmen were not utilizing machines or skills efficiently 1890 1893: Manufacturing Investment Company of Philadelphia o General manager and consulting engineer to management o Company operations of large paper mills in Maine and Wisconsin 1893: independent consulting practice in Philadelphia 1898: Bethlehem Steel 1901: focused on promoting management and machining methods 1911: publication of The Principles of Scientific Management to The American Mechanical Engineering Society 19 October 1906: honorary degree of Doctor of Science by University of Pennsylvania; became a professor at Tuck School of Business in Dartmouth College

Date: 21 March 1915 Cause: pneumonia

Buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetary, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania

Allocate work between managers and workers, so that the managers spend their time planning and training, and the workers actually perform the tasks efficiently.

Scientific Management How did it start? Taylor and his associates were the first to study the work process scientifically Studied how work was performed and how this affected worker productivity Main philosophy: Making people work as hard as they could was not as efficient as optimizing the way the work was done Techniques Functional foremanship o Extension of principle of Division of Work/ specialization o Each worker takes orders from 8 foremen during production process o 8 specialists: Instruction card clerk Route clerk Time and cost clerk Disciplinarian Gang boss Repair boss Inspector Speed boss Standardization of work o Process of setting standards for every business activity o Ensures that they are of the required quality and quantity o Allows work to proceed at a faster pace with greater ease Simplification of work o Eliminate unnecessary diversity of products o Objectives: Effecting economy in the use of machines Bring down labor cost Affect economy in the staff

Main ideas Productivity increases when jobs are optimized and simplified Workers and managers need to cooperate with one another A fair days pay for a fair days work.

Four Principles of Scientific Management Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. Monitor worker performance, and provide supervision to ensure that they are using the most efficient ways.

Scientific study of work o Conduct deep analysis of all activities being performed o Aims to produce maximum possible quality output at minimum costs o Studies conducted by Taylor: Method study Motion study Time study Fatigue study Differential piece wage system o Rewards efficient workers while motivating less efficient ones to improve performance Mental revolution o Change in mind-set of both employers and workers o Promote feelings of cooperation

Legacy One of the first attempts to treat management systematically Emphasized cooperation between workers and managers Studied workplace efficiency and systematic organizational design Allowed for advancement of quality assurance, modern quality control Led to creation of knowledge management, modern human resources

References Conclusion Benefits Increase in productivity Decrease in inaccuracy Better utilization of resources Harmonious relationship between workers and managers Piecework pay system provides incentives to maximize productivity Early working method and control http://notes.tyrocity.com/advantagesand-limitations-of-scientificmanagement/ http://www.mindtools.com/pages/arti cle/newTMM_Taylor.htm http://kalyancity.blogspot.com/2011/06/fredericktaylor-principles-of.html http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/m anagement/6-different-techniques-ofscientific-management/887/ http://commerceedu.wordpress.com/ about/principles-ofmanagement/techniques-ofscientific-management/

Limitations Investment of huge capital Lack of flexibility Neglects human factor one right way to do something