IJECT VOL.

4, ISSUe SPL - 2, JAN - MARcH 2013

ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

IMT-Advanced Requirements for 4G Technology and its Components

Dept. of ECE, I.E.T Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar, Punjab, India
Abstract Mobile wireless networks has shown tremendous increase in technology sector with the evolution of 4G i.e. Fourth Generation. The ITU has defined requirements that will officially define and certify technologies as IMT-Advanced or 4G. So, in this paper, I had discussed about the IMT-Advanced Requirements and various technology components of 4G which makes it more effective than other generations. Keywords 4G, CoMP, ITU, IMT-Advanced, MIMO, OFDMA I. Introduction Mobile data is increasing at a compound annual rate of 108%, as a result of an increasing level of penetration of data-intensive devices (smart phones, broadband enabled laptops, and other devices) and an increasing level of usage per device [6]. The ITU has defined requirements that will officially define and certify technologies as IMT-Advanced or 4G, and technology submissions from standards organizations occurred in October 2009 timeframe pending evaluation and potential certification in the 2010 timeframe; the certified technology specifications are projected to be published by early 2011. Table 1 lists the IMTAdvanced requirements specified by ITU. Table 1: IMT-Advanced Requirements [4] Item Peak Data Rate (DL) Peak Data Rate (UL) Spectrum Allocation Latency (User Plane) Latency (Control Plane) Peak Spectral Efficiency (DL) Peak Spectral Efficiency (UL) Average Spectral Efficiency (DL) Average Spectral Efficiency (UL) Cell-Edge Spectral Efficiency (DL) Cell-Edge Spectral Efficiency (UL) Mobility IMT-Advanced 1 Gbps 500 Mbps >40 MHz 10 msec 100 msec 15 bps/Hz (4 X 4) 6.75 bps/Hz (2 X 4) 2.2 bps/Hz (4 X 2) 1.4 bps/Hz (2 X 4) 0.06 bps/Hz (4 X 2) 0.03 bps/Hz (2 X 4) Up to 350 km/h Fig. 1: Coordinated Multipoint B. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) technology offers tremendous performance gains for wireless LANs (WLANs) at relatively low cost. Any system with multiple inputs into the receiver and multiple outputs to the transmitter is a MIMO system, but implementing such a system involves several distinctly different radio techniques. Some of these techniques are beneficial and fully compatible with todays standard WLAN equipment, while others do not improve performance when used with existing equipment. In MIMO, multiple in means a WLAN device simultaneously sends two or more radio signals into multiple transmitting antennas. Multiple out refers to two or more radio signals coming from multiple receiving antennas [2]. Fig. 2 shows the concept of MIMO.
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Sudhir Singh

A. Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Coordinated multipoint or cooperative MIMO is one of the promising concepts to improve cell edge user data rate and spectral efficiency. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and mobile WiMAX use Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)-Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM) and achieve improved spectral efficiency within one cell. In this method coordination of base stations to avoid interference and constructive exploitation of interference through coherent base station cooperation is done. Conceptually, there is extension of single-cell MIMO techniques, such as multi-user (MU-MIMO), to multiple cells. The cooperation techniques aim to avoid or exploit interference in order to improve the cell edge and average data rates. CoMP can be applied both in the uplink and downlink [1]. Fig. 1 shows the concept of Coordinated Multipoint.

II. Technology Components The technology components which will play vital role in making 4G wireless technology practically feasible, are discussed in the following section:

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IJECT VOL. 4, ISSUe SPL - 2, JAN - MARcH 2013

Fig. 2: MIMO C. Carrier Aggregation (CA) Carrier Aggregation (CA) has been identified as a key technology to meet IMT-Advanced requirements. The need for CA in 4G arises from the requirement to support bandwidths larger than those currently supported in LTE while at the same time ensuring backward compatibility with LTE (B3G Networks). CA allows 4G to exploit spectrum allocations up to 100 MHz by aggregating multiple component carriers to provide the necessary bandwidth [3]. D. Relaying LTE-Advanced extends LTE Release 8 with support for relaying in order to enhance coverage and capacity. In the case of relaying, the UEs communicate with the relay node which in turn communicates with a donor eNodeB also called anchor eNodeB. The relay node is wirelessly connected to the donor cell of a donor eNodeB via the Un interface, and UEs connect to the relay station via the Uu interface. The (anchor) eNodeB may, in addition to serving one or several relays, also communicate with non-relayed UEs directly according to the Release 8 specifications [7]. Fig. 3 shows the concept of relaying. Fig. 4: OFDMA III. Conclusion This paper has provided a comprehensive overview of some technology components currently considered for 4G. According to recent studies, there is a large amount of increase in the mobile broadband customers due to falling prices and increasing speeds [5]. So, more and more companies are coming forward to provide better coverage along with data rates. References [1] Satnam Singh, Amit Kumar, Dr.Sawtantar Singh Khurmi, Tanvir Singh, Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Reception and Transmission for LTE-Advanced/4G, IJCST Vol. 3, Issue 2, April - June 2012 [2] Atheros Communication,Getting most out of MIMO: Boosting Wireless LAN Performance with Full Compatibility, June 2005. [3] Amit Kumar, Dr. Yunfei Liu, Tanvir Singh, Path To 4G Wireless Technology, National Conference, JalandharApril 2011 [4] Amit Kumar, Yunfei Liu, Tanvir Singh, IMT-Advanced: The ITU standard for 4G Mobile Communication, IJCST Vol.2 Issue.1 March, 2011. [5] Amit Kumar, Vasishath Kaushal, Tanvir Singh, Dr. Sawtantar Singh Khurmi, Wireless Technologies and their Radiation Hazards: A Practical Observation, IJECT Vol. 3, Issue 3, July - Sept 2012 [6] Amit Kumar, Dr. Yunfei Liu, Tanvir Singh, Dr.Sawtantar Singh Khurmi, Sustainable Energy Optimization Techniques in Wireless Mobile Communication Networks, The First International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research and Development, 31 May - 1 June 2011, Thailand [7] Meik Kottkamp, Rohde & Schwarz, LTE-Advanced Technology Introduction, [Online] Available: http:// cdn.rohde-schwarz.com/dl_downloads/dl_application/ application_notes/1ma169/1MA169_3E.pdf [8] [Online] Available: http://www.csd.uoc.gr/~hy439/reading/ list_2010/introduction_orthogonal_frequency_division_ multiplex.pdf

Fig. 3: Relaying Concept E. OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiple Access) In OFDMA systems, the multiple user signals are separated in the time and/or frequency domains. Typically, a burst in an OFDMA system will consists of several OFDM symbols. The subcarriers and the OFDM symbol period are the finest allocation units in the frequency and time domain, respectively. Hence, multiple users are allocated different slots in the time and frequency domain (i.e., different groups of subcarriers and/or OFDM symbols are used for transmitting the signals to/from multiple users). Fig.4 shows the concept of OFDMA.

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IJECT VOL. 4, ISSUe SPL - 2, JAN - MARcH 2013

ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

He has completed his bachelors degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) from IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar, Punjab, India under Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar. Currently, he is pursuing his masters degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Doaba Institute of engineering and Technology (DIET), Kharar, Punjab, India. He is working as an Assistant Professor at IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar, Punjab, India.

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