/

~ Thetester measuresdirectlythe resistanceof the earth

andalsomeasurethegroundresistivity.Thesturdy,elegantand
compact body makes the instrument portable,easy-to-use-
,Digital Earth Resistance Tester Hand-heldinstrument.
FourTerminals
markedasE1,P1,E2& P2.
Model: DEL - 2000
The instrumentis poweredby rechargeableNicd Cells.
Low battery(LOBATor .0. sign) indicationappearson LCD
indicatesthatthebatterygoesdown,whichcanbe rechargedby
INTRODUCTION:
connectingmainsA.C.supplythroughchargingchordprovided
withtheinstrument.
DigitalEarthresistance testeris directreplacement
of
the conventionIlandgeneratortypetester.It is designedfor OPERATINGPRINCIPLE
measurement of theresistance of earthusedin powercircuits, Theprincipleusedin measuring
theearthresistance
is
Telecommunication,Railway electrification, domestic & basedonsimpleohm'slaw.FourElectrodesA,B,C,Dareburiedin
industrialelectricalinstallation,lightingprotectioninstallation theearth,theresistanceofwhichisto betestedatadistanceof20
andvariousotherelectricalsystems.Theinstrumentperform metersfrom eachotherasshowninFig.1
equallywellinTerrainwheretheconductivity ofthesoilislowe.g. 1 "-"'" E2
in mountaineous areasandin placeswherepowerfulstrayearth
currentexist.
P1

The instrumentis speciallydesignedfor making FIg-1

straightforwardandapproximate soil investigation

of thekind
neededin agricultural,geologicalresearchandin planningof
A.C. signalis appliedto electrodesA and0 andvoltage
largecivilengineering
projectssuchastunnels,Dams,Drainage, developedacrosselectrodesBand C dueto flow of current
Sewerage schemes,Tube-Railwaysetc.
throughthe earthis measuredby ammeterM. If currentis
constant,thevoltagemeasured
will bedirectlyprop,ortional
to
\. ./ theearthresistance.

2-

- -- -------
 If the instrumentis to be usedfor aboveapplication,
PRINCIPLEOFMEASUREMENT: TerminalsE1&P1istobeshorted(asshowninFig.4 below)
To find out Resistance
of earthconnection,three e1 P-1
terminalmethodisto beused. ~\I8W.S ~ ,...,
MIl RUIo!EN , S
.I 0

UR'Oi

1 P2 IIi/: Flg~2 "!g...

A currentis passedthroughthe EARTHPLATEto an TerminalP2 hasto be connectedto Potentialspikeand

auxiliary electrodeA in the earth at a distanceawayfrom the terminal E2to the auxiliaryEarthas shownin Fig.Underthis
earthplate. conditionmeterwil givetheresistanceoftheearthingconnection
A secondauxiliaryelectrodeBIsInsertedbetweenEARTHPLATE and the earth.Toavoiderror due to the wire resistances,first
AND "A", and the potential differenceV between'E and B Is shortthewiresandnotedownthe meterreading.Thenconnect
measuredfor a givencurrent I so that the resistanceof earth the wires to the differentelectrodesas explainedabove,This
connection is VII. The placing of the auxiliary electrodeIs readingminus the readingwith wire shortedwill give actual
howeverimportant.FollowingIsthe curvewhich givena plot of valuedof resistance.Thedistanced1andd2 mayrangefrom 20
distanceofBfromEversusmeasured
resistance. . to 30metersdependinguponthesoil.
w
<.> SPECIFICATION:
~
~
c
Regularmodelhavingrange.
RE

~::Ii
0-20ohms(Readingscanbetakenupto19.99ohms)
Flg.3
DISTANCE OF B FROM E 0-200ohms(Readingscanbetakenupto199.9ohms)
Whenearthingresistanceis low,the spacingbetween Otherrangesinstrumentcanbesuppliedagainstspecific
the earthplateand auxiliaryelectrodemay be 20 to 30 meters. requirements.
Theexactvaluecanbedecidedbyactualexperiment.
~ "
,,-
--
 TECHNICAL
DATA: HOWTOOPERATE
THEINSTRUMENT:

Display To operatethe instrument,first turn the rangeselection

3.5digit LCDdisplay.
switch to higher ohms rangeposition,the digital displaywill
Dimension 172x 98x 38x mm(Approx) comein actionandwill readzero.Connectthetest leadsto the
Weight 575gms(Approx) four terminalsasperprocedur,e for testinggivenhereafterPress
PowerSource'
i theTestSwitchthe LCDdisplaywill indicatetheresistance.Ifthe
Re-chargeable
Nicdcells. reading is smaller than the lower range availablewith the
instrument,the rangeselectorswitch may be turnedto lower
ACCESSORIES: rangeavailablewith the instrument,the rangeselectorswitch
maybeturnedto lowerrangeposition.If"La BAT" indication
(a)CarryingCase appearson the left upperside on displayby pressingthe Test
(b)ChargingChord switch, it indicatesthat the batteriesgoes down and needs
(c) InstructionManual charging.Connectthe chargingadopterto the instrumentand
chargeit for 12Hrs.beforetesting.
OPTIONAL
ACCESSORIES: After completingthetesting,the selectorknobshouldbe
turned to "OFF"position and digits over the display will
TESTING
KITWILLBESUPPLIED
ONREQUIREMENT
ATEXTRA
disappear.
. COST.TESTINGKITCONTAINS
:-

4NOS. SPIKES
1NO. HAMMER
'f [P~CiD§!!.E!-gFJ~!!-~
4NOS. LENGHT OF CABLE MEASUREMENT OFEARTHRESISTANCE
ANDEARTH
iNO. PLIER I RESISTIVITY:
1 NO. SCREWDRIVER
ThedigitalEarthResistance testerhasfour terminals
ALLINONECANVAS
BAG. markedas E1,P1,P2& E2is suitablefor measuringEarth
\.. resistance
aswellasEarthresistivity.

.
.:;J> ,b.
 .

MEASUREMENT
OFEARTHRESISTANCE:
To measureEarthresistancewith digitalearthtester,it ...
shouldbeusedasthreeterminaltype.ForthatTerming E1&P1is
to be shorterandconnectedto the Earthconnectionwhose
resistance
hastobefound(AsshowninFig.5)
" EARTH

EARTH TESTER

Flg.6
50' to 70' I SO'to 70'
All thefour spikesto beburiedin onestraightlineand
distancebetweenthemto bekeptsame.

EARTH Thevalueof"L"maybekeptbetween50'to 70'

EARTHPLATE
UNDERTEST
Flg.5
Takethe readingby pressingtheTestswitch(TakingCare
ofRa~ge
Factor)Observed
valueisinohms, .
ConnectasperFig.5 andtakethereadingby pressingthe
Thevalueof EarthResistivity"p "may beobtainedfrom
Testswitch. Notedownthe readingdisplayedon the LCDof the
instrument. thefollowingformula.
"
p = 2 1t LRohms-cms.
MEASUREMENT
OFEARTHRESISTIVITY:
Where R = Valueof EarthResistance
measuredinohms.
TofindouttheearthResistivityfor preferredpositioning L = Distancebetweenspikesincm.
anddepthof proposedelectrode
system,fourterminalsmethod '"
1t = 3.14
istobeused.Connecttheinstrument
terminalsasperFig6.
p = Earth'sResistivityinohms- ems.

--1 9
r . '

/' '\

MEASUREMENTOFRESISTANCE
CAUTION:
(Noninductiveor Non-Capacitive)

Connectthe unknownResistance'X' as per Fig.7 below SincetheinstrumentsupplyA.C.voltageto thetest

andthe resistancecanbedirectlyreadoverthe LCDof themeter object,theobjecthavingnoreactance
canonlybetested.
bypressingthetestswitch.
,.
EARTH TESTER PRECAUTIONS:

(1) Testing should start from higher ranges to lower

ranges.

(2) It is necessary to reduce the resistance of the

UNKNOWN RESISTANCE
auxiliary earthing by moisting the soil near the
Flg.7
electrodes or by using several earth electrodes in
parallel.

(3) During tests, leads of predetermined resistances

should be used and taken care of when taking
reading particularly in the lower ranges Le. the lead
resistance should be measured before
measurement of Earth Resistance or any other
resistance.

.
"I' ,°