Lightwave to MotionBuilder

If you've ever done anything related to character animation for real time
applications - most noticeably games - you already know that these real-time
engines don't have any time to spare to "fix" our 3D characters bone influence
weightmaps like in most non-realtime 3D applications rendering. That basically
means you have to resort to "explicit" maps which have absolutely zero tolerance
for things like vertices with over 100% or under 100%. So if you have, say,
forearm and arm bones influencing the same elbow vertices, you'd better make sure
that both sum up to 100% - eg. 60+40 or 50+50 - or else all sorts of weird
distortions happen. In Lightwave 3D you can simulate the effect of explicit maps
by toggling the "Use Weightmaps only" bone properties option and making sure
"Normalize weights" is off.

Now, let's say you want to spare yourself from the troubles and complexities of
setting up a full rig - which's a digital puppet armature with all the wiring,
knobs and levers set up properly for ease of animation - yourself. The best
standalone option out there is Motion Builder, owned by the giant Autodesk. Once
you experiment its power, it's hard to look back. It's safe to say that
Lightwave's powerful IK booster comes close in terms of posing power and might
even surpass the market leader in terms of flexibility, but the fact is that for
professional high-end animation, you need live IK, physics and ragdoll effects,
and that Motion Builder delivers in spades.

The problem is, Motion Builder uses explicit weightmaps, just like most 3D
applications, so trying to import your Lightwave models with bones directly into
it will surely result in some of the weirdest deformations you'll ever see. So you
go back to Lightwave and painstakingly have to set up the weight maps one by one,
using the same naming conventions motion builder uses to make its "characterize"
process seamless. Not to mention having to set up that complex hierarchy of about
90 bones and later tying it all up together. And why don't we have a mirror
weights option, you don't mean I'll have to re-do everything finger part by finger
part in the other hand do ya?? Ouch..

Fear not though, Lightwave's community to the rescue! First, since this is the
most helpful 3D app community in existence, I want to give back I little so I'm
giving away my meticulously setup rig model with all skelegons properly named and
ready for joint conversion. It's in the bottom of this text just like all other
links. To use it, open it in Modeler, then tweak the vertices to comply to your
specific model, you can refer to any Motion Builder tutorial model to check where
each joint is supposed to be. To convert the skelegons to joints in Layout
(instead of regular z-bones, remember joints is what Maya and Motion Builder uses)
I strongly recommend using Adam Redwood's script, to make sure the joints are
named correctly in Layout.

So now the big problem is mapping those weights right? Okay, first let's explore
our options. If you have the bucks, you can try using the default Lightwave bone
options (strength and falloff type) to make sure no bones are affecting areas they
shouldn't, then use Okino's Polytrans software to generate an explicitly-weighted
model. Haven't tried it myself yet, but according to the company's info in their
website it'll joyfully create all weight maps for you.

As for the second option, you can manually set up the weights using symmetry for
things like the fingers, copying (duplicating) the map, rename it (say, left to
right), then clean up the vertexes from the non-desired side in both maps. Zzzzzz.
The apex of needless repetitiveness - read, tedium - in my book.

Third option is what I'm here to talk about. First set up parts for each weightmap
you want for just the center and left side of your model, I suggest hiding each
part as you create it to avoid overlapping regions. Then use Trueart's handy parts
to weight plugin to convert these parts to weightmaps. Now, manually optimize your
wmaps for best deformation - you know, things like lowering the shoulder influence
under the arm - not bothering about compensating the adjoining bones as one
regularly would. To smooth out large chunks automatically, use the wmapblur
plugin.

Now you've got a full half of your character done and you want to mirror these
weights to the other half. You may be tempted to use the ancient YO_mirrorweights
plugin, in my tests it did work on LW 6.5 but it crashed on 7.5, actually it won't
even show up on 9.6 as available after you install it. As hard as it is to find
and run, if you have access to a 6.5 installation by all means use it, it's a
great option. Kung Fu Tools is supposed to be even better, but I couldn't find it
anywhere - if you still have it lurking in your hard drive, please share it in the
Lightwave forums.

"MaDDoX, I don't have LW 6.5, am I doomed?". Not at all, because Sir Timothy Albee
kindly shared with us one amazing tool called BG Morph-and-Weight Copy. What this
little gem of a tool allows for is copying weightmaps from completely distinct
shapes. Although its intended use is for just slightly different shapes, in fact
all you have to do is create a morph map for the target character, tweak it to
roughly conform to the original (properly weightmapped) character and apply the
script with a sizeable threshold. What that technique allows for is that once you
have a good-behaving model of a certain style, say, a biped, you should never have
to spend time creating its weights again, just tweaking it to compensate for
different proportions.

Anyways, the point here is mirroring the weightmaps, how can BG weight copy help
us? Here's a technique that I figured out that solves just that:
1. Copy your object and paste it into a new object
2. Use FI's Move VMaps plugin to rename all your weight maps from "Left" to
"Right"
3. You'll now stretch your object horizontally, set -100 to the X axis in the
numeric window and apply. Flipping the normals after that is optional since we'll
just use it to copy the vertex maps from
4. Delete the non-symmetrical weightmaps, like Spine and Neck
5. Copy the mirrored object and paste it into a background layer of your original
object
6. Set the FG and BG properly and run Copy BG Weight.

Presto! After some moments you'll have your mirrored weights. If you run into any
"overlapping vertices" error, simply select any of your model polygons, perform a
'select connected' and cut/paste it to another BG layer.

Finally, all that's left to do is to run normalize weights, using the other script
by Timothy Albee, that'll adjust your weights proportionally to their original
values but make sure all vertices weights sum to 100%. Done, you'll now have a
complete motion builder compatible character ready to FBX export. So here's my
little gift setup/mini-tutorial to you guys, I hope you put it to good - and
profitable ;) - use. Have fun!

MB-compatible Skelegons Rig:

http://www.gamereplays.org/community/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=503607
Skelegons to Joints: http://www.newtek.com/forums/showthread.php?t=88466
Parts to Weight: http://www.trueart.pl/?URIType=Directory&URI=Products/Plug-
Ins/PartsToWeights
YO_MirrorWeights: http://www.pcpages.com/nilesh/yo_mirwgt.zip
FI's Weightmap Blur: http://www.lwplugindb.com/Plugin.aspx?id=b1110c24
TA BG Weight Copy and Normalize Weights:
http://loupguru.com/store/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=1_11