Voltage transformer

We have 2 types of VT in the power systems: 1Inductive Voltage Transformer (VT or PT 2!apacitive Voltage Transformer (!VT VT or PT used in power systems to step down e"tra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal# for measurement or to operate a protective relay$ %ased on &agnetic core is to design$ !VT or !!VT used in power systems to step down e"tra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal# for measurement or to operate a protective relay$ %ased on capacitive voltage divider principle$ In its most 'asic form the device consists of three parts: two capacitors across which the transmission line signal is split# an inductive element to tune the device to the line fre(uency# and a transformer to isolate and further step down the voltage for the instrumentation or protective relay$ The tuning of the divider to the line fre(uency ma)es the overall division ratio less sensitive to changes in the 'urden of the connected metering or protection devices$ The device has at least four terminals: a terminal for connection to the high voltage signal# a ground terminal# and two secondary terminals which connect to the instrumentation or protective relay$ In practice# capacitor !1 is often constructed as a stac) of smaller capacitors connected in series$ This provides a large voltage drop across !1 and a relatively small voltage drop across !2$

Can be thought of as a pure transformer with primary and secondary windings; PT's are sometimes referred to as magnetic transformers due to the fact that their mode of operation is purely magnetic.

$ PT is at the end of the 'us 'ar system$ used up to 1*2)V level

!VT is connected 'etween lightening arrester and !T 22+)V level and a'ove

the

%eyond 1*2,V economical

level

PT

is

not &ore economical at 22+,V and a'ove voltage levels -nly !VT we can use communication purpose less 'ul)y (save space !an 'e used as PT

.e(uire more space a'ove 1*2,V voltage level !annot 'e used as !VT

Transformer over flu"ing It can 'e result of 1$ over voltage 2$ /ow system fre(uency 0 transformer is designed to operate at or 'elow a ma"imum magnetic flu" density in the transformer core$ 0'ove this design limit the eddy current in the core and near'y conductive components cause overheating which within a very short time may cause severe damage$ The magnetic flu" in the core is proportional to the voltage applied to the winding divided 'y the impedance of the winding$ The flu" in the core increases with either increasing voltage or decreasing fre(uency$ When a transformer core is overe"cited# the core is operating in a non-linear magnetic region# and creates harmonic components in the e"citing current$ 0 significant amount of current at the 1th harmonic is characteristic of over e"citation$