Unit:1

Numbers And Arithmetic Operations

After studying this unit, the students will be able to: Read numbers up to 1,000,000,000(one billion) in numerals and in words. Write numbers up to 1,000,000,000(one billion) in numerals and words. Add numbers of complexity and of arbitrary size. Subtract numbers of complexity and of arbitrary size. Multiply numbers up to 6 digits by 10,100 and1000. Multiply numbers up to 6 digits by a 2-digit and 3-digit number. Divide numbers up to 6-digits by a 2-digit and 3-digit number. Recognize BODMAS rule, using only parenthesis ( ). Carryout combined operations using BODMAS rule. Verify distributive laws.

1.1 Numbers up to one billion.

1.1.1 Read the numbers up to one billion.
We know that 100000000 in international place value system is written as: Millions Thousands Ones

Hundred Ten Millions Hundred Ten Ten Hundreds Tens Ones Millions Millions Thousands Thousands Thousands 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Commas are placed after three places from right most digits. For example: 1. The number 200,000,000 is written in figures. It can be written as: Two hundred million. 2. The number 100,000,000 is written in figures. It can be written as: One hundred million. Similarly, 345,267,982 is read as: Three hundred forty five million, two hundred sixty seven thousand, nine hundred eighty two.
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100,000,000 and 999,999,999 are respectively smallest and largest 9-digits numbers. 999,999,999 is read as: Nine hundred ninety nine million, nine hundred ninety nine thousand, nine hundred ninety nine. One more than 999,999,999 is one thousand million. One thousand million is known as 1 billion. 1 billion is written as 1,000,000,000. 1 Billion=1000 million

Example 1 :
Read the following numbers and write in words. I. 14,020,748. II. 843,658,952 III. 435,525,243.

Solution:
I. II. 14,020,748: Fourteen million, twenty thousand, seven hundred and forty eight. 843,658,952: Eight hundred forty three million, six hundred fifty eight thousand, nine hundred and fifty two. 435,525,243: Four hundred thirty five million, five hundred twenty five thousand, two hundred and forty three.
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III.

1.1.2 Write numbers up to one billion

Example 2:
Write the following numbers in figures.
I.Seven hundred eight million, two hundred seventy two thousand, nine hundred twenty six. II. Eight hundred eighty six million , five hundred thousand, one hundred twenty six.

Solution:
I. 708,272,926. II. 886.500,126.

Activity
Place the commas in following numbers according to international place value system: 1.705366935 ___________ 2. 211435126 ____________

Exercise 1.1

1. Read the following numbers and write them in words:

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. 65,086,236 345,666,780 980,765,455 999,999,999 455.980,650 1,000,000,000 455,678,999.

2. Write the following numbers in figures:

I. II. One hundred twenty million three hundred six thousand four. Ninety five million, sixteen thousand, fifty five.

III. Sixty million. IV. Five hundred ninety million three hundred five
thousand five.

1.2 .Addition and Subtraction:

1.2.1 Add numbers of complexity and of arbitrary size :

We have learnt addition of numbers up to 6-digit numbers. Addition of larger number (7,8 or 9-digit) is done similarly. That is, addition of numbers is done by addition of digits having same place values(starting from ones). We should be very careful while placement of digits of numbers and commas. As an example, addition of 2,556,876,135 and 605,957 is performed as under:
1 1 1

2, 5 5 6 , 8 7 6 , 1 3 5 + 605,9 5 2

2,557,4 8 2 ,0 8 7

Example 3 : Add 24,571,344 and 5,690,345.

Solution:
1 1 1

2 4, 5 7 1, 3 4 4 + 5, 6 9 0, 3 4 5 3 0 ,2 6 1 , 6 8 9

Activity
Answer the following in 10 seconds each! 208,070 + 399,770

422,134 + 533,450

Exercise:1.2
Solve:
1. 3, 9 5 6, 2 3 4 + 8 9 0, 1 2 4

2.

5 7 8, 9 8 0 + 1 2 3, 6 7 0

3.

2, 8 9 0, 6 7 8 + 7 8 3, 1 2 7

4.

6, 7 3 4, 5 6 7 + 1 2 3, 6 8 0

5 . 4, 4 4 4, 4 4 4 + 4 4 4,4 4 4

6. 7,680,781 + 561,670

7. 6,870,456 + 675,321

8. 5 6 7 , 7 8 9 ,5 5 5 + 234,567,657

Find the Sum:

9. 490,456 and 467,335. 10. 65,444,290 and 23,543,670.

1.2.2 Subtract numbers Of complexity and Of arbitrary size.

Same method is applied for subtraction of larger numbers (7, 8, 9) as we have done for subtraction of numbers upto 6 digit numbers . It is done by subtraction of digits having same place while placement of digits of the numbers and commas . Let us take an example : Subtraction of 6, 567, 239 from 4,456, 112 is as under:

6 , 5 6 7, 2 3 9 - 4 , 4 5 6 , 11 2 2 , 1 1 1 ,1 2 7

Example 4:
Subtract 4,567,887 from 5,678,997.

Solution:
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5,678,997 - 4, 5 6 7 , 8 8 7 1, 1 1 1 , 1 1 0

Exercise: 1. 3 Solve:
1. 7 8 9, 9 9 9 , 8 6 7 _3 2 1 , 8 9 0 , 7 6 6

2. 5 8 9, 7 9 0, 9 8 8 _ 4 7 8 , 8 9 0 ,3 2 2

3. 8 8 , 9 8 0 ,8 7 9 _ 67,780,345

4. 8 9 7, 8 9 9 _ 3 4 5, 7 7 8

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5. 3 3 9, 9 9 8, 9 8 4 _ 2 2 8, 7 8 0 , 2 1 3

Solve:
6. 5 8 8 , 9 8 9 4 6 7, 8 1 2

1.3.1. Multiply numbers up to 6 digits by 10 ,100 and 1000 :

Multiplication by 10,100 and 1000. Let us see the product of a number 22222 with 10,000 and 1000. 22222 10 = 222220. 22222100=2222200. 222221000= 22222000.
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Example:
Multiply 3654 with 10,100 and 1000.

Solution:
365410=36540. 3654100= 365400. 36541000=3654000.

1.3.2 Multiply numbers upto 6 digits by a 2 digits and 3 digits number

Example 6 :
Multiply 224222 by 14.

Solution:
1

224222 14 89688 8 2242220 3139 1 08

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Exercise: 1.4
Multiply:
1. 512222 by 10. 2. 422116 by 13. 3. 112333 by 11 4. 310333 by 12.

1.3.3 Division Of numbers upto 6 digits by a 2-digit and 3-digit number:

Example:
Divide 537809 by 35 .Find the quotient and remainder as well.

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Solution:
15365 35 537809 -35 187 - 175 128 105 230 210 209 34 175 Remainder Quotient

Note: The remainder at every step would be less than the divisor.

Exercise: 1.5
Divide: 1. 425580 by 60
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2. 304480 by 40 3. 209800 by 20 4. 500800 by 40 5. 566700 by 30

1.4 Order Of operations: BODMAS rule :

BODMAS stands for Brackets, Of, Division, multiplications, addition and subtraction. It helps remembering the order of preferences of mathematical operators. We solve brackets first if given in the question. In case of more brackets, we solve from inner most bracket to the outer most bracket. BODMAS given order of preferences as: Preference No. Rule Operation Symbol 1 BODMAS Brackets () 2 BODMAS Of Of 3 BODMAS Division + 4 BODMAS Multiplication 5 BODMAS Addition + 6 BODMAS Subtraction -

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1.4.1 Recognize BODMAS rule,using only parenthesis ( ).

Order of Preferences is as under: (), Of, , , + , - . Now we simply 16+ (12 + 9 3) 5, using BODMAS rule, 16+ (12+ 93) 5 = 16 + (12+3) 5 (First divide within bracket) =16+ 155 (After Addition remove Bracket) = 16+75. (Multiplication) = 91. (Addition)

Example 12:
Solve (18+6) 24.

Solution:
= (18+6) 24 =2424. = 248. = 3.

Exercise: 1.6
Solve:
1. 24 (126). 2. (510) 5.
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3. (182+6) 3-2. 4. (85) 7+1.

Verification Of Distributive Laws:

We verify the distributive laws with the help of following examples.

Example :
Verily Distributive laws. a. 10 (13+2) = (1013) + (102).

Solution:
L.H.S= 10 (13+2) = 1015 = 150. (a)

R.H.S=(1013)+(102) =130+20 =150. (b) From (a) and (b) L.H.S=R.H.S. b. (6+4) 4= (64) + (4 4).
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Solution:
L.H.S= (6+4) 4. = (6+4) 4 = 104. = 40. R.H.S= (64) + (4 4). = 24+16. =40.

Exercise:1.7
Verify distributive laws:
1. 14 (9+5) = (149)+ (145). 2. (12+5) 6= (126) + (56). 3.16 (10+4) = (1610) +(164). 4. 11 (12-7) = (1112)-(117). 5.16 (12-6) = (1612)-(166).

Review Exercise
1. Read the following numbers and write them in words.
I. 101,001,017. II. 106,011,111.

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2. Multiply:
I. 244664 by 24. II. 993399 by 33.

3. Divide:
246444 by 22

4. Evaluate:
60-(4010-2) + 5.

5 .Multiple choice questions.

Encircle the correct answer: 1. 1 billion= ? a. 100 million million. b.10 million. c. 1000 million d.500

2. Eight hundred twenty three million five hundred thirty eight thousand two hundred seventy eight. a. 800,23,538,208 d.893,567,278. 3. 3566100= ? a. 355600 b. 356600 c. 356000
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b.823,538,278

c.804,567,278

d.344600.

4. 7 (4+4) = (74) + (74) is a. Distributive law b. Associative law c. Commutative law d. BODMAS rule. 5. 5668-1333=? a. 4335 b.4512 c. 4412 d. 4125.

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Answers Answers:

Exercise 1.1
Sixty-five million, eighty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-six. ii. Three hundred forty-five million, six hundred sixty-six thousand ,seven hundred and eighty. iii. Nine hundred eighty million, seven hundred and sixtyfive , four hundred and fifty-five. iv. Nine hundred ninety-nine million , nine hundred ninetynine thousand, nine hundred ninety-nine. v. Four hundred and fifty-five, nine hundred and eighty, six hundred and fifty. vi. One thousand million. vii. Four hundred and fifty-five, six hundred and seventyeight, nine hundred and ninety nine. 1. i.

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2. i. ii. iii. iv. 120,306,004. 95,016,055. 60,000,000. 590,305,005.

Exercise: 1.2
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. 4,846,358. 702,650. 3,673,805. 6,858,247. 4,888,888. 8,242,451. 7,545,777. 802,357,212. 957,791. 88,987,960.

Exercise: 1.3
i. 468,109,101. ii. 111,100,666.
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iii. iv. v. vi.

21,200,534. 552,121. 111,218,771. 111,177.

Exercise: 1.4
i. ii. iii. iv. 5122220. 5487508. 112344. 3723996.

Exercise : 1.5
1. i. ii. iii. iv. v. 7093. 7612. 10490 12520 18890.

Exercise: 1.6
i. 48. ii. 10. iii. 15.

iv. 5.
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Exercise: 1.7
i. ii. iii. iv. v. 196. 102. 224. 55. 96.

Review exercise
1. i. One hundred and one million, one thousand and seventeen. ii. Six million ,eleven thousand , one hundred and eleven. 2. i. 5871936. ii. 32782167. 3. 11202. 4. 53.
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5. i. ii. iii. iv. v. c b b a a.

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