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BETTER
WI TH
PI CTURES
YOU R
ioLDEN
towN
EXPOSURE METER
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You will enjoy using your new G-E GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter,
for this meter can show you-in 5 seconds or less-the exact lens setting
for perfectly exposed pictures.
No other exposure meter can match the GOLDEN CROWN for ver-
satility, sensitivity, and ease of use. Such features as direct reading,
pointer-lock
action, and lifetime accuracy, together with optional acces-
sories make it the finest that money can buy.
Read the following instructions carefully and learn how easy it is to
get exact lens settings with the GOLDEN CROWN. Regardless of the
kind of camera you own, you will find that you are completely equipped
to take pictures you will be proud to show.
\
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Low- l i g ht
Reo dout Li n es
I nci dent - I i ght At t ochment
(Opt i onol
Accessory)
Poi nt er , Di r ect Reodi ng on Di ql
Poi nt er-l ock
memor i zes r eodi ng
Exposur e- i nd ex
Wi ndow
Fr omes- per - second
( Movi es)
Wi ndow
Ronge Set t i ng
Wi t h DYNACELL' I '
Li ght Mul t i pl i er
* Reg.
Tr odemor k of t he
Gener ol El ect r i c Compony
ut t er-t i m e
( St i l t s)
Wi ndow
Out er
Mo sk
Di ol
Mosk- r el eo se
But t on
Ronge- sel ect orHond l e
For Di m Li ght For Br i ght Li ght
3
Ronge Set t i ngs
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EXP- I ND Wi ndow
Out er T!ME_SEC
FR- SEC Wi ndow
( f or
Button
Film: Press the mask-release
button and turn the outer di al
until the exposure index for
your fi Im appears i n the EXP
-IND
wi ndow. The correct
exposure-index for your film is
given in the instruction sheet
enclosed with the film. The
most frequently used films are
listed also on the last page.
When taki ng pi ctures i n dry-
l i ght, use the dayl i ght i ndex;
with artificial light, use the
tungsten i ndex.
4
Wi ndow
Time-Stills: Turn the outer
dial (do not press mask-release
button) until the shutter time
you have chosen appears in
t he TI ME- SEC wi ndow.
Fractions of a second are black
numerals, full seconds are gold
on a bl ack background.
Time-Movies: Set as for Stills
except read camera frames-
per-second (gold numerals on
red background) i n FR-SEC
window.
Ronge
Sel ect or
Hondl e
Li ght )
Range: Sel ect the range by
setti ng the range-sel ector han-
dl e to LO. Then ai m the meter
toward the scene and press
the poi nter-l ock button. If the
pointer goes off scale to the
ri ght, move the range-sel ector
handl e t o HI *. For ext reme
sensi ti vi ty, i n very di m l i ght,
use t he accessor y DYNA-
CELL. ( See page 8. )
*l f
t he some r ef l ect ed- l i ght r eodi ng
con be t oken on t wo ronges, t he
met er i s more di rect i onol on t he
hi gher r onge.
ro HI
(oi r
Li shr)
( Br i sht
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Poi nl er Lock Reqd Her e*
f-Stop: Rel ease the poi nter-
Iock button when the poi nter
comes to rest. Read the l ens
f/-number i ndi cated by the
poi nt er*. (I f you want t o use an
f-stop other than that i ndi -
cated, leaue the pointer locked
and si mpl y turn the outer di al
unti l the f-stop you want i s
opposi te the poi nter. Then re-
set your camera to the new
shutter ti me appeari ng i n the
TI ME SEC wi ndow. )
Exposure Val ues:
' I o
read Ex-
posure Values (red numerals
on the outer di al ) turn the
outer dial until the index fit
appears i n t he TI ME-SEC
wi ndow. Then read the EV-
n u mb e r i n d i c a t e d b y t h e
poi nt er*.
(Exposure Val ues were for-
merly designated as Light
Val ues, abbrevi ated as I-,VS.)
* When
t he poi nt er i s under ei t her of t he t wo whi t e dot s
qt
t he l ef t
end of t he scol e, f ol l ow t he cor r espondi ng r eqdout l i ne t o t he di ol
t o obt oi n t he pr oper exposur e set t i ng.
"\}
Pol aroi d Land Cameras: For
cameras marked with the
former Polaroid shutter num-
bers (1-8 or 1-9), t urn t he out -
er dial until the letter P (di-
rectl y over 15 seconds) appears
i n t he TI ME-SEC wi ndow.
Read the shuttet number i ndi -
cat ed on t he EV-scal e*.
F or cameras of recent man-
ufacture marked in Exposure
Values follow the instructions
at l eft.
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r
The numbers 1 to 20 on the outer dial of the GOLDEN CROWN
exposure meter represent Exposure Values which are for use with
cameras employing this systern of setting lens apertures and shut-
ter speeds. Each numeral denotes a definite camera exposure equiv-
alent to various combinations of lens openings and shutter times.
For example, an Exposure Value of L2 is equivalent to 1i30-sec. at
f11, 1/60 at f8, 71L25 atf5.6, etc. Provision is made in some cameras
for independently setting the shutter time and f-stop if desired.
Each number on the EV-scale represents twice as much exposure
as the next higher number.
Note: Exposure Values were known previously as Light Values
(LVS),
but this
term
is being superseded because of confusion with
the use of the same term on some exposure meters to indicate light.
Polaroid Land Cameras of recent manufacture are marked in the
Exposure Value system.
Former Polaroid Land Camera shutter-numbers can also be read
directly on the Exposure Value scale when the meter is properly
preset. (See Detailed Operating Instructions on page 5.)
#ss{
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SHUTTER TI ME AND ' . STOP DI AL
The dial of your GOLDEN CROWN
exposure meter is marked with Amer-
ican Standards Association preferred
shutter-time numbers and lens open-
ings. All unnumbered settings are indi-
cated on the dials by dots or triangles
(the triangles representing the former
preferred
shutter-time numbers which
are still prevalent
on many cameras).
The numbers represented by these dots
and triangles are shown in the illus-
trations.
4.5
4'
5' e
g
1.s
f - St op Mor ki ngs
Fr omes per Second
( For
Movi es)
EXPOSURE I NGREASE OR DECREASE
As you will see later in this book, there are certain unusual condi-
tions where your photographs
can be improved by increasing or
decreasing the exposure from that indicated by the meter. ttre
guter dial of your GOLDEN CROWN is designed to assist you in
finding this exposure adjustment at a glance. The
..cogs"
of the
outer dial are equally spaced, one full f-stop apart. The illustrations
at right show how to increase or decrease the exposure. (Note:
The
same general instructions apply when using Exposure Values.)
:'1
o. I ncr eosi ng exposur e by one
f-stop (Note: tower f/-number)
ffi
' l
b . t
I l t
t 0 . 1 2 '
b. Decr eosi ng exposur e by onb
f - st op ( Not e: Hi gher f / - number )
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The DYNACELL is an accessory to your GOLDEN CROWN,
for obtaining greater sensitivity in dim light (when the pointer on
the meter does not move far enough to obtain a reading).
The exclusive design of the eveiready DYNACELL permits it
to be attached to the GOLDEN CROWN at all times. It folds flat
against the back of the meter for ease in carrying. In this position
2
)
Fol di ns DYNACELL
l o corryi ng posi l i on
O
Al l ochi ng
( or
r emovi ng) DYNACELL
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it is automatically disconnected so that the meter can be used for
normal sensitivity. To increase the sensitivity, the DYNACELL
is simply raised into the operating position.
The GOLDEN CROWN with the DYNACELL is designed to
measure reflected light. If it is desired to measure incident light,
see the instructions included with the DYNACELL.
The illustrations below show how to attach and use the DyNA-
CELL. Additional details concerning its use are given on page 10.
Ronge-sel ecf or
hondl e set
ot DC posi i i on
a
Roi si ng DYNACELT t o oper ot i ng posi t i on
(Moke
sure i l cl i cks i nt o posi t i on. )
Hol di ne GOTDEN CROWN wi rh DYNACELL
for refl ected-light meosurement
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r : i . i *
When taki ng refl ected-l i ght readi ngs wi th your GOLDBN
CROWN exposure meter wi th the DYNACELL connected, set
the range-sel ector handl e to the DC posi ti on.
The meter should be aimed toward the subject. Always take
a cl ose-up readi ng (3 to 4 i nches from subj ect), except when
i mpracti cal to do so.
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There are two schools of thought on the
use of a meter in measuring exposure.
Some prefer to measure reflected light
and others, i nci dent l i ght. Through
extensive tests, it has been found that
each method has definite advantages
and l i mi tati ons.
In general, for outdoor scenes, the
reflected-light method is considered to
be more dependabl e. For smal l obj ects
outdoors and for indoor pictures with
artificial light, the incident-light meth-
od is preferred.
Your GOLDEN CROWN can meas-
ure ei ther wi th equal ease. By si mpl y
placing the incident-Iight attachment
(an accessory) on your meter, you
change it from a reflected-light meter
to an i nci dent-ti ght meter.
In the following sections you will see
illustrations of the different methods
for taking light readings.
REFLECTED LI GHT
)
i s l i ght r ef l ect ed f r om
'
subi ect t o comer o.
Ai m met er t owor ds subi ect .
I NCI DENT L I GHT
i s l i g h t wh i c h f o l l s
on t he s c ene or
s ubi ec t . Ai m met er
di r ect l y l owor ds
comer q f r om
subi ect posi t i on.
)
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Methods ol Taki ng
Usual Met hod
For t he maj ori t y of out door pi ct ures,
ai m the meter di rectl y at the center of
t he scene f rom t he camera posi t i on.
Gl ose- up Met hod
When preci se exposure for a parti cul ar
part of t he scene i s desi red, t ake a cl ose-
up readi ng. Hol d t he met er 3 t o 4
i nches f rom t he i mport ant subj ect mat -
t er, t aki ng care t hat t he met er does not
read i t s own shadow.
When phot ographi ng peopl e, t ake
a cl ose-up readi ng on t he f ace.
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12
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i
.;,
REFLEGTED. LI GHT READTNGS
.it#
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13
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Subst i t ut e Met hod
When the subject is inaccessible and a
close-up reading is desired, take the
readi ng on a substi tute obj ect of si mi l ar
characteristics and in similar light. If
the pal m of the hand i s used as a sub-
sti tJte, hol d the meter 3 to 4 i nches
from the hand and take a readi ng.
Scanni ng t he Br i ght ness
Range
)
fn scenes havi ng a wi de range of l i ght
and dark val ues, i t i s someti mes
de-
si rabl e to use the average exposure,
parti cul arl y i n bl ack-and-whi te
pho-
tography.
Tti.u readings on the lightest and
darkest obj ects i n the scene, and choose
an f-stop or Exposure Val ue hal f way
between the extreme readi ngs.
Your GOLDEN CROWN can al so be
used to determine the brightness rangb
in terms of f-stops or Exposure Values.
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w
Fr
;n
ffi '*
H
E
?z/aru/Aa
r angc may be conver t ed t ; o t he l r r i ght
-
n(' ss i : at ; i o as i ncl i c: t t ecl i n t he t abkr l xrl orv:
I )ct crmi ne t hi s rang(' as f ol l ows:
1.
' l ' akc
a r t ' i r r l i ng
( ) n
t hc cl ar kest
ol l j cct i r nr l r ot i r Lc t hr : out , cr di al t o st ' t
I i r posur e V: r l ur ' I o1t 1>osi t e t he
Jr r i i nt er .
2.
' I ' l r
ke i l rci rcl i ng
()n
t hc l rri ght t : st
obj ect . ( Ol r angr : r ango i { ' nccc. ssar y. )
: 1. Sul r t r r r t : t 11' r om t hc I l xposur r :
\ / ; r l uc i ncl i c: r t , t . d bv t hc poi nt er .
' I ' hi s
i s
t ht , r ; l nt r ( . i n I ' - st ( ) ps
( ) r
I i xl l r ) sur ( . ! ' , ' 11 11q' s.
I f ' r l t ' si r ( ' ( 1, t ht : l - st o1l or I j xl ) ( ) sur t : \ / : t l ut - '
f - st op or
Exposur e Vol ue Ronge
I
2
3
4
Br i ght ness
Rot i o
2r 1
4' 1
8 ' l
l 6 : l
15
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Dar kest and Li ght est C) bi ect
Met hods f or Gont r ast Y Scenes
To record as many t one val ues as pos-
si bl e i n a cont rast y scene havi ng deep
shadows, a compromi se exposure can be
used. I f t he shadow area i s more i m-
port ant , ai m t he met er at t hi s part of
i h"
"""ne,
and decrease the exposure i n-
di cated by the meter by usi ng the thi rd
hi gher fi -number or EV-number for
bl ack-and-whi t e,
or by usi ng t he second
hi gher f/-number
or EV-number for
col or. By decreasi ng t he exposure' t he
shadows wi l l be underexposed, but not
enough t o be bl ocked uP, and many
t ones i n t he hi ghl i ght area wi l l be re-
corded rat her t han l ost due t o over-
exposure. Conversel y,
i f t he hi ght i ght
area i s more i mportant, ai m the meter
at t hat part of t he scene, ancl t hen i n'
(:rease the exposure i ndi cated by the
meter by usi ng the thi rd l ower f
l -
number or EV-number f <l r bl ack-and-
whi t e, or by usi ng t he second l ower
f / -number or EV-number f or c<l l or'
Al t hough t he hi ghl i ght s wi l l be some-
what overexposed, t hey wi l l be ren-
dered reasonabl y wel l , and many of t he
cl arker tonc' s wi l l al so bet recorde-' d-
16
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nz/azru/04r
Go p y i n g
I n maki ng copi e' s t l f doct t ment ' s or pho-
l ogr zr pl ' r s i n col or or i n bl ack and whi t e,
t ake a c: l ose- u1t r ezt di ng t l n a whi t e c: ar d
l - r el t l i t gai nst t l t t '
( : ( ) [ ) v. I ) i vi de t he f i l m
exposur e- i ndex
bv
wi t h t , he card hel d
t , he copy t o check
nr i na t i t l n.
5. Take r eadi ngs
at vari ous poi nt s on
uni f or mi t v of i l l u-
L7
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Usual Met hod
l Jse t he i nci dent -l i gl rt at t : r<: hrnt ' t t t .
Fl ol cl t he met er at t he ccnt err of i t rl t ' ru' st
of t he subj ect and i ' ri m i t t owi t rrl t he
(: ameri l .
I n
( ' ?t se
t ht ' su l r
i cr : t
i s i l t i t t : ct , ssi l r l e,
Met hods of Taki ng
I NGI DENT. LI GHT
READI NGS*
t hc i nci dent l i ght may be measur c' cl
f r <>m anot her r
1r l : r cc
wl t t ' r c i l l umi ni r t i ot r
i s
j udger d
t o be t her si l mc' , r cmenr ber i ng
t h: r t t he cl i r er ct i on of ai mi ng t he t nei t er
i s al l v: r vs t ow: t r d t he camer i r or i n i l
1r : r r i t l l cl
cl i r ect i on.
k T o
t o k e i n c i d e n t - l i g h t r e o d i n g s wh e n u s i n g t h e DY NA CE L L ,
r e f e r t o t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s i n c l u d e d wi t h t h e DY NA CE L L . T h e
i n c i d e r r t - l i g h t o t t o c h me n l r e f e r r e d t o o b o v e h o s n o f u n c t i o n
wh e n t h e DY NA CE L L i s u s e d .
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.4.
Key- l i ght Met hod
In some cases i t i s desi rabl e to measure
i nci dent l i ght by poi nti ng the meter
wi th the i nci dent-l i ght attachment
i n
pl ace toward the "key" or mai n l i ght
source i nstead of toward the camera.
Hold the meter as close to the sub-
ject as possible, or in a pl-ace where
illumin.iiott
is the same- Aim toward
the key light source and increase the
indicated exposure by using the next
lower f/-nurnber
or the next lower EV-
number.
19
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Li ght i ng-Gont rast Met hod
)
It is frequently desirable to ad-
just
the lighting-contrast, that is,
the ratio of "key" light to fill-in
light. A ratio of between 2:L
and 4:L is usually used. Your
GOLDEN CROWN can be used
to measure the ratio as follows:
1. With the incident-light at-
tachment in position, hold the
meter near the subject (the fore-
head in portraiture)
and take a
reading with the meter aimed at
the fill-in light.
2. Rotate the outer dial to set
Exposure Value 1 opposite the
pointer.
3. Aim the meter directly at
the key light and take a reading
as before but do not move the
outer dial.
4. Provided the key light is stronger than the fill-in
l i ght, as i t shoul d be, the number opposi te the new
pointer position can be used to determine the lighting
ratio from the Table at right.
The cor r espondi ng numer i cql r ot i os
qr e:
Number on
Exposur e Vol ue
Scol e
Numer i col
Li ght i ng
Rot i o
20
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HO\ M T( ) ALLOW FOR FI LTERS
I
There are two ways to allow for filter factors in using
your
GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter.
1. When the same fiIter is to be used for a series of pictures,
as frequently is the case in black-and-white
photography, divide
the exposure index for the film by the filter factor and set the
result in the Exposure-Index window. The filter factor will then
automatically be taken into account in your exposure measure-
ments until the exposure-index setting is changed.
2. For occasional use, a filter factor generally is more con-
veniently applied to the final exposure-meter reading. Increase
the exposure as indicated in the Table at right-
W't'
1. 5
2
3
I
5
6
I
l 0
Increose
in f-stops or
Exposure Volues
2A
I
1y3
2
2 %
2+6
3
3V3
*&;
2L
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The three mai or l actors whi ch control exposure are:
G
=t oosur e I ndex
Photographic film is manufactured in many types. The main
difference between them affecting your exposure meter is sensitiv-
ity to light. The sensitivity rating of the film must be set on your
meter before taking a measurement.
The American Standards Association has assigned numbers for
rating films according to their sensitivity to light. These numbers
are called exposure-index numbers, which, numerically, are higher
for the more sensitive fiIms and lower for the less sensitive.
^4.
El
f-Stop
\ g
The amount of light that is allowed to reach the film is controlled
by the relative size of the camera lens opening. The relative lens
opening, in most cameras, is adjustable and is set according to a
numbering system. These settings
(relative openings) are called
f-stops and are marked on your exposure meter and camera. f-stops
are numerically higher for small relative openings and lower for
larger relative openings; for example, f
12
admits 4 times as much
light as f
14,
and f/4 admits 4 times as much light as f/8.
Thus, the amount of light which reaches the film is controlled by
setting the f-stop on your camera. And since the f-stop system deals
wit}n relatiue openings, different sized lenses admit the same relative
amount of light when set at the same f-stop.
s.E}lf]ffi*{;ffi;
: : : I i : I i : t 1: I i : u: l u: i l t : i : l : i 1l t : i ul
22
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=,"ffidex,ffi
(n Ti me
(shutter speed)
-'
The length of time the film is exposed to light is controlled by the
Iength of time the camera shutter stays open. This is called shutter
"p""d
and is usually expressed in seconds and fractions of a second;
for example 1/30 second, 1-lI25 second, etc.
It should be remembered, especially when using speeds in the
average range, that more pictures are spoiled by camera move-
ment than in any other way, and it is recommended that speeds at
1/60 second or higher be used for hand-held exposure-
Exposur e Set t i ng
The pointer-lock of your GOLDEN CROWN remembers the light
reading. The pointer indicates the correct lens f-stop for the Time
and FiIm Exposure index you have preset. You can dial any other
combination without having to take a new light reading. You may
want a higher shutter time to "fteeze" action, or a smaller lens
opening to increase depth of field.
-
The depth of field is the distance between the nearest and
farthest points in which all objects will appear acceptably sharp
in the pliotograph. The smaller the lens opening, the greater will
be the depth of field.
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24
Exposure Hl nl s
For most scenes in color and black-and-white photography, your
GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter wilt give the preferred expo-
sure when aimed directly at the scene from the camera position.
For certain unusual conditions, however, results can be im-
proved by either increasing or decreasing the exposure from that
indicated by the meter, depending upon the nature of the scene.
Exposure for color film transparencies differs from that for
ordinary negatives in that increased exposure makes the image
lighter on the projection screen. This is often desirable to brighten
the mood of a picture or to portray more naturally a light subject.
Color can be controlled slightly by exposure. Less exposure
increases color saturation, while more exposure reduces saturation
and the colors tend toward pastel shades.
Exceptionally bright scenes usually reflect proportionately
more
light and influence the exposure meter to indicate slightly less
exposure than is actually desired.
The following are hints to assist you in obtaining preferred ex-
posures for several scenes and lighting conditions.
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I
ft
-
IF
I
Snow or Sky
To photograph a subject in a scene
which includes mostly snow or skY,
use the close-up method (See page 13.)
whenever
possible. If readings must
be taken from the camera
position,
a preferred exposure is usually obtain-
ed if the indicated exposure is increas-
ed by using the next lower f/-number
or the next lower EV-number.
Overcast Scenes
For scenes in overcast or foggy weather
there is very little lighting contrast.
For more realistic rendering with color
transparencies, the indicated exposure
may be increased by using the next
lower f/-number or the next lower EV-
number. With black-and-white a thin-
ner negative is usually desired for en-
Iarging, and this may be obtained bY
decreasing the indicated exposure by
using the next higher f/-number or the
next higher EV-number.
Back-l i ght ed Subi ect
For back-lighted subjects close-up
readihgs are preferred.
Direct sunlight should be prevented
from shining into the meter. However,
for sunsets, aim the meter directly at
the scene and use the exposure indi-
cated by the meter.
Fog and Water
A scene which is a combination of fog
and water is similar to overcast or
foggy scenes, where the atmosphere it-
self becomes the source of Iight and is
bright compared to foreground objects.
For color photography, increase the ex-
posure indicated by the meter by using
the next lower f/-number or the next
lower EV-number. For black-and-white,
decrease the exposure by using the next
higher f/-number or the next higher
EV-number.
Metered-fl ash Outdoors
In outdoor photographY, especially of
back-Iighted subjects, photoflash is
used to reduce or increase lighting con-
trast between the foreground and back-
ground objects. For the combination of
$
26
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film, lamp, and shutter time, find the
guide number on the photoflash
lamp
carton. Aim the meter at the scene and
determine the f-stop. Then divide the
photoflash guide number by this'f/-
number to get lamp distance from
subject.
If the distance found is too great
for
convenience, cover the flash reflector
with a handkerchief and advance the
lamp
14
of the way to the subject.
Tel evi si on
U_ se a tripod for the camera and adjust
the TV image for best brightness Lnd
contrast. Focus on the lines across the
screen, rather than the image itself.
Set the shutter for 1/30 second. Dim
the room lights. Hold the meter abour
rf
screen diameter from the
set and
obtain an average exposure reading.
Aeri al Pi ctures
Aim the meter toward the ground
and
for color photography
rncrease the indi-
cated exposure by using the next lower
f/-number or the next lower EV-num-
ber. Pictures taken on color film from
high altitudes are improved by use of a
warm-colored filter to reduce the blue
haze.
Ot her Speci al Uses
Projection-Screen
Brightness
To obtain the best possible projected
image, your
screen should reflelt 5 to t+
footlamberts (with no slide in the pro-
jector).
Measure screen brightness by
holding the meter light-cell against thL
center of the illuminated screen and
then drawing the meter (set for LO
range) away from the screen until the
maximum reading is obtained. Convert
the scale reading to footlamberts. See
Scale Equivalents on page 28. Move
the projector
towards or away from the
screen as required to adjust the bright-
ness.
1
i
I
I
i
26
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I
)
I
Scal e Equi val ent s
When using the incident-light attachment, the GOLDEN CROWN
exposure meter measures the quantity of illumination falling on an
object or scene. This can be expressed in footcandles by use of the
tables given on the following page.
Anytbject or scene absorbi some of the light which falls on it,
and reflects the remainder. The percent that is reflected is called
the reflectance of the object. Reflected light may be expressed as
the brightness in footlamberts, which is equal to the illumination
in footcandles multiplied by the reflectance. The GOLDEN
CROWN is calibrated for average scene reflectance of 18 percent.
For special purposes it may be desired to measure incident
illumination (in footcandles) and brightness (in candles per sq ft
or footlamberts). To do this, rotate the outer dial until the Ex-
posure Value numeral 1 appears exactly opposite the lower read-
out line in the window, as shown in the illustration. In this posi:
tion, the scale numerals correspond to the photometric equivalents
in the following tables.
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Wi t h I nci denl -l i ght
Al l ochment
i
I
I
I
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
wi rh
DYNACELT
Iow
' Ro n g e
Hi sh
Ronge
r 00
200
400
800
1, 600
3,20O
6,1OO
12, 800
25,600
Scol e
Numer ol t
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
\Mirh
DYNACELT
0.03
0.06
o . 1 2
0. 25
0.50
I . 0
2.O
1.0
8.0
Low
Ronge
o. 4
0. 8
1. 6
3. 2
6.1
12.8
26.0
52.0
r 04.0
Hi sh
Ronge
6. 1
12. 8
26.O
52.O
I 04. 0
208.0
116.0
832. 0
1, 661. 0
0. 08
o. r 6
o. 32
o.61
1. 3
2. 6
5. 2
10. 4
20.8
6
1 2
25
50
r 00'
200
400
800
1, 600
28
*f f
rhe vol ue f or ref ect ed l i ght i s requi red i n f oot l qmbert s, mul t i pl y condl es/ sq. t l . by T
(: 3. 14. )
t See
poge 27.
&
REFLEGTED-LTGHT
' i l
T:=""="::J:T:;=
fl
Scol e
Numer ol t
I NGI E' ENT- LI GHT
SCALE EOUI VALENTS
(i n footaandl es)
i&ffir&< ;J-r:r*r*S{dl *C&*t+--, -*!ii. .
";r;;..,**i,ri|
;1.'
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Gal l bratl on Data
The exposure required to photograph an average subject is given
by the formulas-
T
:Exposure
time in seconds
A
:Relative
aperture, or f/-number of lens
S
:Fi l m
exposur i ndex
B
:Scene
brightness, reflected light, in candles per square foot
I
:
Incident light in footcandles
K:1.0; ASA cal i brati on constant, refl ected l i ght
'
C
:15;
ASA calibration constant, incident light
Acceptance
Specific acceptance angles of the meter are:
,1,:," (
l*i"t*+-,
ii?i
|
.#;"
(
*rm'"
+ 30o
+L7"
r$4ii-1,:r6,f.i
,*it' ,",,..d,,ir*et,
29
www.orphancameras.com
HO\ ^' TO GARE FOR YOUR GOLDEN GROWN EXPOSURE METER
Your GOLDEN CRowN exposure meter is a precision instrument. rt
should receive the same careful handling aird treatment that are given
to
an expensive camera or any fine precision instrument.
Your meter has been assembled with watchmaker's skill and should
not, under any cit'cumstances, be tampered with or taken apart. It
should not be subjected to prolonged
heat or moisture.
Although your GOLDEN cRowN meter witl withstand norrnal
shock and handling, be particularly
careful not to drop or bang it. A neck
cord is provided
with each meter. Your meter may be conveniently
carried in the G-E leather case.
Zer o- set
Adl ust ment
If your meter receives normal use and care, no
special adjustments will be required. Periodically,
however, the zero position
may be checked as fol-
lows: Mask the light-cell window thoroughly.
(Never use gummed paper or tape on the window.)
Press the pointer-lock
button. The pointer
should
be as shown at right.
Correct any deviation by turning the zero-set
adjustment (large
screw in back-center of meter).
i
" .
Service If your GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter requires servicing, place
it
in a well-padded box and return it to the nearest:'Authorized
G-p Expo-
sure Meter Repair Center."
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ARI ZONA
Met er cr af t , I nc.
3304 Nort h 24t h St reet
Phoeni x, Ar i zona
CATI FORNI A
Qual i t y El ect r i c Company
3700 Sout h Broadway
Los Angel es 7, Cal i f or ni a
Gener al El ect r i c Company
1098 Har r i son St r eet
San Fr anci sco 3, Cal i f or ni a
COLORADO
Rocky Mt . Camer a Repai r
Ser vi ce
100 East 20t h Avenue
Denver 5, Col orado
For Canadian users,
send to:
For foreign users
HAWAI I
Hawai i I nst r ument Ser vi ce
1235 Kapi ol ani Boul evar d
Honol ul u, Hawai i
I rUN0l s
l nt ernat i onal Cani era
Corporat i on
844 West Adams St reet
Chi c ago, l l l i noi s
MASSACHUSETTS
Gener al El ect r i c Company
40 Federal St reet
West LYnn 3, Massachuset t s
MI SS0URI (St . Loui s Area)
Newt on J. Dr aper Camer a Repai r
2319 Brent wood Boul evard
Brent wood 17, Mi ssouri
Canadian General Electric Company, Ltd., In-
dustrial Center No. 5,
Quebec
City, P.Q., Canada
Contact your nearest International Geneial
Electric Company office for service instructions
Your General Electric GOLDEN CROWN exposure meter is war-
ranted to be free from defects in material or workmanship for the life-
time of the device. If your meter requires servicing because of any de-
fects in materials or workmanship, it will be serviced without charge.
This warranty does not extend to servicing or repairs resUlting from mis-
handling, or normal wear.
The obtigation of the General Electric Cornpany shall be limited to
repairing or replacing the exposure meter and in no event shall it be
liable for consequential damage.
NEW I ERSEY
Mack Camer a Sal es
1025 Commer ce Avenue
Uni on, New Jer sey
NEW YORK
Mack Gamera Servi ce of New York
20 West 31st St reet
New York, New York
TEXAS
Gener al El ect r i c Company
3202 Manor Way
Dal l as. Texas
WASH I NGTON
I nst rument Laborat ori es
934 El l i ot Avenue, West
Seat t l e, Washi ngt on
wAsHf NGToN, D. G.
St rauss Phot o Techni cal Servi ce
930 "F" St reet , Nort h West
Washi ngt on, Di st r i ct of Col umbi a
-J*-":
Repai r .
Genters
Warranty
31
I
www.orphancameras.com
Exposure-index numbers for some of the most frequently
used photographic films are given here.
COLOR Fl t t t l
EXPOSURE I NDEX*
(
\
+For
meters morked for Ameri con
St ondor d exposur e i ndexes.
$Wi t h
Kodok Phot of l ood Fi l t er No.
808.
#Wi t h Kodok Wr ot t en No. 85C
Fi l t er .
t l Wi t h Kodok Wr ot t en No. 85
Fi l t er .
**Wi t h
Kodok Wr ot t en No. 858
Fi l ter.
fl Wi th
Photofl ood l omps ond Kodok
Wr ot t en No, 82A Fi l t er .
l T2 Wi t h Kodok Wr ol t en No. 82A
' .
Fi l t er ond Yz second or l ess
exposure.
f f For
Tungst en 3200 l omps ond
Kodok Wr ot t en No, 82C Fi l t er .
l f your f i l m i s not l i st ed her e,
see l he i nsl r ucl i on sheet pocked
wi t h t he f i l m.
At t he t i me of pr i nt i ng, t hese
Exposur e I ndex number s wer e
cor r ect , l f your pr esent i nf or mq-
t i on di f f er s f r om t he number s
l i sl ed, f ol l ow t he f i l m monuf oc-
t ur er ' s r ecommendof i ons.
I N S T R U ME N T D E P A R T ME N T ,
GEJ-356, t C
; : l $i , f u; t r * " . - - , 1t f , . 9, - . , , . .
Anscochr ome, Doyl i ght Type. . . 32
Anscochr ome, Tungst en Type, 3200K
Anscochr ome I 6mm, Tungst en Type, 3400K" 25t t
Super Anscochr ome, Doyl i ght Type. . I 00
Super Anscochr ome, Tungst en Type, 3200K. 80x*
Movi echr ome 8, 8mm Doyl i ght 20
Ekt ochr ome, Doyl i ght Type ( except sheet ) . . 32
Ekt ochr ome, Doyl i ght Type ( sheet ) .
12
Ekt ochr ome, Type F. . 16#
Ekt ochr ome, Type B. . 6*x
Ekt ochr ome, Pr of essi onol , Doyl i ght Type. . 50
Hi gh Speed Ekt ochr ome, . Doyl i qht Type. . 160
Hi gh Speed Ekt ochr ome, Type B. 80*x
E k t o c o l o r , T y p e l ( s h e e t ) . , . ! . . . . . . 2 0 * *
Ekt ocol or , Type S ( sheet ) , doyl i Ej ht ond f l osh. . . . . . . 25#
Kodocol or , doyl i ght
qnd
f l osh. 32
Kodochr ome, Doyl i ght Typ. . . .
Kodochr ome, Type A.
Kodochr ome, Type F. 10#
BTAGK
Ansco
l l ford
Kodok
Doyl i ght
200
1 2 5
500
400
400
200
64
2 5
200
80
32
1 2 5
80
Tungst en
rrr
25
32
40$
100
8$
l 2 $
4$
l 61T
i :
l i i
l 6
20l f l
2On2
5$
l 6
l 2 ! J o r l 0 1 l
l 6 0
1 0 0
400
-
320
320
1 6 0
50
l 6
1 6 0
64
25
1 0 0
64
. l 5 0
2000
1 6 0
300
2000
AND WHITE FILTI
- Super pon
Pr ess. . .
- Al l - weot her
Pon. . .
- Super
Hypon .
- Tr i pl e
S Pon. ,
_ HPS.
_ HP 3 .
_FP3
.
- Pon
F.
- Tr i - X.
-
Pl us- X.
- Ponot omi c- X
- Super
Ponchr o- Pr ess Type B. .
- Ver i chr ome
Pon. . . .
Pol oroi d
l ond Fi l ms-Types 32 ond 42. . . .
- T y p e
3 7 . . . .
- T y p e 4 3 . . . .
- T y p e
4 4 . . . . . . . ' : . . .
- Ty p e
4 7 . . . .
ffi
{tF
GE NE RA T E T E CT RI C COMP A NY , WE S T L Y NN, MA S S .
200
3200
200
400
3200
Pr i nt ed i n U. S. A.
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