KJ2113 Basic Fluid Mechanics

Exercise 1

1. At temperature 20°C, the measurement shown in gauge A in Fig. E1.1 is 350 kPa (abs).
If the air pressure in the tank is 180 kPa (abs), calculate:
(a) height h in cm,
(b) the measurement that should be read by gauge B in kPa (abs).

Air
180 kPa (abs)

Water
998 kg/m3

80 cm Mercury
SG = 13.6

A B
Fig. E1.1

2. By neglecting the effect due to air column, calculate the gauge pressure at A.

Air

Oil
848 kg/m3
30 cm

45 cm
40 cm
Water
998 kg/m3
Mercury 15 cm
13570 kg/m3
A

Fig. E1.2
3. A triangular (isosceles) gate AB as shown in Fig. E1.3 is hinged at pin A. The gate has a
weight of 1500 N. Calculate the horizontal P at point B which can bring the gate in
equilibrium with the hydrostatic force generated by the oil.

3m 1m
Oil
SG = 0.83
A

2m

50°
B P
Fig. E1.3

4. A wood uniform pole of length 5 m is tied at the bottom of a lake using a rope as shown
in Fig. E1.4. Calculate:
(a) rope tension T,
(b) wood density,
Also, determine and explain whether or not the angle θ should be known in order to
solve the problem.

1m

θ
D = 8cm

4m
Water
998 kg/m3

Rope

B
Fig. E1.4
 Answers to Exercise 1

1. (a) Use level AB as reference. With p A = p air + ∑ ρ i ghi :

350 × 10 3 = 180 × 10 3 + 13.6(998)(9.81)(0.80 ) + (998)(9.81)(h )

h = 6.48 m
(b) With p B = pair + ρgh :

p B = 180 × 10 3 + (998)(9.81)(6.48 + 0.80)

= 251313 Pa = 251 kPa (abs)

2. Use the level made by the oil-mercury interface in the manometer as reference. By
neglecting effect of air column:
p atm + ρ oil g (40 cm ) = p air + ρ Hg g (15 cm )
= [ p A − ρ water g (45 cm )] + ρ Hg g (15 cm )

p A − p atm = ρ oil g (40 cm ) + ρ water g (45 cm ) − ρ Hg g (15 cm )

= (848)(9.81)(0.40 ) + (998)(9.81)(0.45) − (13570)(9.81)(0.15)
= − 12.2 kPa (negative sign means suction)

3. The length of gate AB is 2.0/sin 50° = 2.611 m, thus

A= 1
2
(2.611)(1) = 1.3054 m 2 and hCG = 3 + 13 (2) = 3.667 m

Hydrostatic force:
1m
F = ρghCG A
= 0.83(998)(9.81)(3.667 )(1.3054 )
= 38895 N A
The position of CP from CG:
CG
I sin θ
y CP = − xx CP
hCG A
2m

=−
[1
36
(1)(2.611)3 ]sin 50° F W
(3.667 )(1.3054 )
= −0.0791 m P 50°
1.678 m B
Moments equilibrium at A, ∑ M A = 0 :

P(2.0) + 1500 [13 (2.611) cos 50°] − 38895 [13 (2.611) + 0.0791] = 0
P = 18044 N = 18.0 kN
4. (a) ∑ M CG = 0 :
1m

FB (0.5 sin θ ) − T (2.5 sin θ ) = 0

θ
T = 15 FB = 15 ρgV CG 4m
B
= 1
5 (998)(9.81) π(0.08) (4) = 39.4 N
1
4
2

(b) ∑MC = 0: W A
FB
W (2.5 sin θ ) − FB (2.0 sin θ ) = 0
ρ wood gVwood (2.5 sin θ ) = ρ water gVwater (2.0 sin θ ) T

Vwater
ρ wood = 4
5 ρ air = 54 × 54 ρ water = 0.64(998) = 639 kg/m 3
Vwood

The angle θ is not required since it cancels itself which results in both T and W not
dependent on θ.