Ordinal Numbers:

Ordinal Numbers from 1 through 1,000,000 1 st first 11 th eleventh 21 st twenty-first 31 st 2 nd second 12 th twelfth 22 nd twenty-second 40 th 3 rd third 13 th thirteenth 23 rd twenty-third 50 th 4 th fourth 14 th fourteenth 24 th twenty-fourth 60 th 5 th fifth 15 th fifteenth 25 th twenty-fifth 70 th 6 th sixth 16 th sixteenth 26 th twenty-sixth 80 th 7 th seventh 17 th seventeenth 27 th twenty-seventh 90 th 8 th eighth 18 th eighteenth 28 th twenty-eighth 100 th 9 th ninth 19 th nineteenth 29 th twenty-ninth 1,000 th 10 th tenth 20 th twentieth 30 th thirtieth 1,000,000 th

thirty-first fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth one hundredth one thousandth one millionth

Months: January February March April July August September October

May November

June December

The 1st of June The 2nd of April The 3rd of December The 4th of January The 23rd of October The 25th of March.

1941 = 19..41 nineteen forty-one 1990 = 19..90 nineteen ninety 2012 = 2000 & 12 or 20..12 two thousand and twelve or twenty twelve

Countable and Uncountable

Countable Nouns: They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:

dog, cat, animal, man, person bottle, box, litre coin, note, dollar cup, plate, fork table, chair, suitcase, bag

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

My dog is playing. My dogs are hungry.

We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:

A dog is an animal.

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:

I want an orange. (not I want orange.) Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

I like oranges. Bottles can break.

We can use some and any with countable nouns:

I've got some dollars. Have you got any pens?

We can use a few and many with countable nouns:

I've got a few dollars. I haven't got many pens.

Uncountable : Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:

music, art, love, happiness advice, information, news furniture, luggage rice, sugar, butter, water electricity, gas, power money, currency

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:

This news is very important. Your luggage looks heavy.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a something of:

a piece of news

a bottle of water a grain of rice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:

I've got some money. Have you got any rice?

We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:

I've got a little money. I haven't got much rice.

Uncountable nouns are also called "mass nouns". Here are some more examples of countable and uncountable nouns: Countable Uncountable dollar song suitcase table battery bottle report tip journey job view money music luggage furniture electricity wine information advice travel work scenery
Uncountable nouns always use a singular verb. Count nouns are singular or plural. Much and Many are usually used with the negative: Examples:

There is a car in the street. (singular count noun) Question: How many cars are in the street? Answer: There are a few cars in the street (plural count noun) Question: How much traffic is there? Answer: There is a lot of traffic. (noncount noun)

There aren't many students in the classroom. (perhaps 4 or 5 students) There isn't much food in the refrigerator. ( a small amount of food)

Any + not, never, or without expresses zero: Examples:

There aren't any students in the classroom (zero) There isn't any food in the refrigerator. It's empty. He went outside without any shoes. (There are no shoes on his feet.) They never want to eat any vegetables or drink any milk.

Many is used with count nouns: Q: How many apples are there? A: There are many apples in this picture. Q: How many chairs are there? A: There are two chairs. Q: How many bees are there? A: Hundreds. Maybe thousands! Q: How many apples are there in this picture? A: There is only one apple. Q: How many men are in this picture? A: There aren't any. There is only one woman.

Much is used with uncountable nouns: Q: How much fruit is there? A: There's a lot of fruit. Q: How much water is in the glass? A: It's almost full. There's a lot of water in the glass. Q: How much traffic is there this morning? A: There's a lot of traffic. The cars aren't moving very fast. Q: How much fishing does he do? A: He does a lot of fishing on the weekend. Q: How much beer is there in his glass? A: There isn't any. It's all gone.

Members of a Family
father dad mother mum , mummy parent parents child children son daughter brother sister grandfather granddad , grandpa grandmother grandma , granny grandson granddaughter grandchild uncle aunt cousin nephew niece boyfriend girlfriend fianc fiance bride groom, bridegroom wife husband spouse father-in-law mother-in-law parents-in-law son-in-law daughter-in-law brother-in-law sister-in-law godfather godmother godson goddaughter godchild

Have Got/Has Got

I have got a brother. I've got a brother. You have got a sister. You've got a sister. He has got a cat. He's got a cat. She has got a dog. She's got a dog. It has got Bluetooth. It's got Bluetooth. We have got books. We've got books. You have got a nice room. You've got a nice room. They have got pets. They've got pets.

I have not got a brother. or I haven't got a brother.

Have I got time?

You have not got a sister. or Have you got pets? You haven't got a sister. He has not got a cat. or He hasn't got a cat. She has not got a dog. or She hasn't got a dog. It has not got Bluetooth. or It hasn't got Bluetooth. We have not got books. or We haven't got books. Has he got a computer? Has she got a mobile phone? Has it got new tyres? Have we got ketchup?

You have not got a nice room. or Have you got a yellow car? You haven't got a nice room. They have not got pets. or They haven't got pets. Have they got nice teachers?

Possessive 's
When we want to show that something belongs to somebody or something, we usually add 's to a singular noun and an apostrophe ' to a plural noun, for example:

the boy's ball (one boy) the boys' ball (two or more boys)

Notice that the number of balls does not matter. The structure is influenced by the possessor and not the possessed. one ball one boy the boy's ball the boy's balls more than one boy the boys' ball the boys' balls The structure can be used for a whole phrase:

more than one ball

the man next door's mother (the mother of the man next door) the Queen of England's poodles (the poodles of the Queen of England)

Although we can use of to show possession, it is more usual to use possessive 's. The following phrases have the same meaning, but #2 is more usual and natural:

1. the boyfriend of my sister 2. my sister's boyfriend Proper Nouns (Names) We very often use possessive 's with names:

This is Mary's car. Where is Ram's telephone? Who took Anthony's pen? I like Tara's hair.

When a name ends in s, we usually treat it like any other singular noun, and add 's:

This is Charles's chair.

But it is possible (especially with older, classical names) to just add the apostrophe ':

Who was Jesus' father?

Irregular Plurals Some nouns have irregular plural forms without s (man > men). To show possession, we usually add 's to the plural form of these nouns: singular noun my child's dog the man's work the mouse's cage plural noun my children's dog the men's work the mice's cage

a person's clothes people's clothes