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VEERESH SAVADI, VIKASYOJANA EduCare DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES

English Grammar for EVERYONE All-in-One Study Material

TENSES
At the end of the session, you understand

PAST TENSES SIMPLE PAST TENSE

In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past. I ate. I slept. I played.

Types of Tenses Examples of each tenses Comparative Table of Tenses Comparative Study of Present Tense Writing examples in Present Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous Usage of Present tense

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past. I was eating. I was sleeping. I was playing.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past. I had eaten. I had slept. I had played.

The concept of time can be split into:

The Present - What you are currently doing. I eat, I am eating The Past - What you did some time back. I ate, I was eating The Future - What you will do later. I will eat, I will be eating

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past. I had been eating. I had been sleeping. I had been playing.

In the English language, tenses play an important role in sentence formation. The tense of a verb shows the time of an event or action. There are four types of tenses. Simple, Continuous, , Perfect and Perfect Continuous and each of these has a present, past and future form.

PRESENT TENSES SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness. I eat. I sleep. I play.

FUTURE TENSES SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future. I will eat. I will sleep. I will play.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment. I will be eating at 9 a.m. I will be sleeping when you arrive. I will be playing at 5 p.m.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous. I am eating. I am sleeping. I am playing.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect. I have eaten. I have slept. I have played.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future Perfect expresses action that will occur in the future before another action in the future. I will have eaten before 10 a.m. I will have slept before you arrive. I will have played before 6 p.m.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing. I have been eating. I have been sleeping. I have been playing.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future. I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive. I will have been playing for an hour when it is 5 p.m.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TENSES TENSE SIMPLE/ INDEFINITE

(s/es/ies) Do/does MV- I form did

CONTINUOUS
am/is/are MV- ing form was/were MV- ing form shall be/ will be MV- ing

PERFECT
has/have MV- III form Had MV- III form shall have/ will have MV- III form

PERFECT CONTINUOUS
has been/ have been MV- ing form had been MV- ing form shall have been/ will have been MV- ing form

PRESENT
MV- I form ----

PAST FUTURE

MV- II form MV- I form shall/will MV- I form

English Made Easy-in 20 Minutes a Day! VEERESH SAVADI, VIKASYOJANA EduCare DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES (Notes)

English Grammar for EVERYONE All-in-One Study Material

Person/ Pronoun
First Second

Singular
I --He

Plural
We You

Third

She It

They

Graphical Representation of Tenses Types of Pronoun Chart:

Pronouns are used to replace a noun. However, they take different forms depending on how they are used in a sentence. This chart outlines the five types of pronouns and the correct forms for each.

Persons 1st person singular 2nd person singular 3rd person singular 1st person plural 2nd person plural 3rd person plural

Subject pronouns
I you (thou) he she it We you they

Object pronouns
me you (thee) him her it us you them

Possessive determiners
my your (thy) his her its our your their
identify (aidnti fai) knit (nit) knot (not) label (libl) level (lvel) marry (mri) multiply (mltpl ai) pedal (pdal) plan (plan) plug (plag) prefer (prfr) program (prgra m) regret (rigrt) rely (reli) reply (repli) rob (rb) rub (rab)

Possessive pronouns
mine yours (thine) his hers -ours yours theirs
identified (aidntifai d) knitted (ntid) knotted (ntid) labelled (libld) levelled (lveld) married (mrid) multiplied (mltplid) pedalled (pdald) planned (pland) plugged (plagd) preferred (prifert) programmed (prgra md) regretted (rigrtid) relied (relid) replied (repldt) robbed (rbd) rubbed (rbd)

Reflexive pronouns
myself yourself (thyself) himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
identified (aidntifai d) knitted (ntid) knotted (ntid) labelled (libld) levelled (lveld) married (mrid) multiplied (mltplid) pedalled (pdald) planned (pland) plugged (plagd) preferred (prifert) programmed (prgra md) regretted (rigrtid) relied (relid) replied (replid) robbed (rbd) rubbed (rbd)

REGULAR VERBS (past root and past participles are the same; both end in 'ed') 1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE admit (admt) ban (ban) beg (beg) bury (bri) clap (klp) copy (kpi) cry (kri) drop (drop) dry (dri) empty (mpti) fancy (fnsi) fit (fit) fry (fri) hug (jg) hurry (jri) admitted (admtid) banned (bnd) begged (bgd) buried (brid) clapped (klpt) copied (kpid) cried (krid) dropped (drpt) dried (drid) emptied (mptid) fancied (fnsid) fitted (ftid) fried (frid) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid) admitted (admtid) banned (bnd) begged (bgd) buried (brid) clapped (klpt) copied (kpid) cried (krid) dropped (drpt) dried (drid) emptied (mptid) fancied (fnsid) fitted (ftid) fried (frid) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid)

English Made Easy-in 20 Minutes a Day! VEERESH SAVADI, VIKASYOJANA EduCare DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES (Notes)
satisfy (satisfi) shop (shop) signal (sgnal) sin (sn) skip (skp) slip (slp) stop (stop) supply (sapli) terrify (trrifai) tip (tp) travel (trvel) try (tri) worry (uri) satisfied (satisfid) shopped (shpt) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) stopped (stpt) supplied (saplid) terrified (trri-fid) tipped (tpt) travelled (trveld) tried (trid) worried (urid) satisfied (satisfid) shopped (shpt) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) stopped (stpt) supplied (saplid) terrified (trri-fid) tipped (tpt) travelled (trveld) tried (trid) worried (urid) keep (k:p) know (nu) learn (lrn) lose (l:s) make (mik) meet (m:t) pay (pi) put (put) read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran) say (si) see (s:) PARTICIPLE sell (sel) send (send) show (shu) shut (shat) sing (sing) sleep (slp) smell (smel) speak (spik) spend (spend) stand (stand) steal (stl) swim (sum) take (tik) teach (tch) tell (tel) think (zink) wake (uik) wear (uar) win (un) write (rit)

English Grammar for EVERYONE All-in-One Study Material

kept (kept) knew (ni) learnt (lernt) lost (lost) made (mid) met (met) paid (ped) put (put) read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren) said (sed) saw (su) sold (sold) sent (sent) showed (shut) shut (shat) sang (seng) slept (slpt) smelt (smelt) spoke (spuk) spent (spent) stood (st:d) stole (stul) swam (sum) took (tul) taught (tot) told (told) thought (zot) woke (uuk) wore (ur) won (un) wrote (rut)

kept (kept) known (nun) learnt (lernt) lost (lost) made (mid) met (met) paid (ped) put (put) read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran) said (sed) seen (sin) sold (sold) sent (sent) shown (shun) shut (shat) sung (sang) slept (slpt) smelt (smelt) spoken (spukn) spent (spent) stood (st:d) stolen (stln) swum (sum) taken (tikn) taught (tot) told (told) thought (zot) waken (uikn) worn (urn) won (un) written (rtn)

List of Irrgegular Verbs

1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 be (bi) become (bikm) begin (bigun) break (brik) bring (bring) build (bilt) buy (bi) catch (kach) choose (chus) come (km) cut (kat) do (d) draw (dr) drink (drink) drive (driv) eat (:t) fall (fol) feel (f:l) find (find) fly (fli) forget (forgut) get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grow (gru) hang (jng) have (jev) hear (jar) was/were (us/ur) became (bikim) began (bign) broke (bruk) brought (brot) built (bilt) bought (bot) caught (kot) chose (chos) came (kem) cut (kat) did (dd) drew (dr) drank (drnk) drove (druv) ate (et) fell (fel) felt (felt) found (fand) flew (flu) forgot (forgt) got (got) gave (guiv) went (unt) grew (gr) hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) been (bin) become (bikm) begun (bign) broken (brukn) brought (brot) built (bilt) bought (bot) caught (kot) chosen (chsn) come (km) cut (kat) done (dn) drawn (drn) drunk (drank) driven (drvn) eaten (tn) fallen (flen) felt (felt) found (fund) flown (fln) forgotten (forgtn) got/gotten (got/gotn) given (gvn) gone (gun) grown (grn) hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd)