Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________

ID: A

8th Grade Earth's Structure and Processes (8Sc)

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which can occur in the rock cycle? a. Sedimentary rock is heated and squeezed to form metamorphic rock. b. Igneous rock is eroded to form metamorphic rock. c. Metamorphic rock melts to form sedimentary rock. d. none of the above

____

2. Which statement is best supported by the information shown in the diagram? a. Igneous rocks form by the melting and solidification of magma. b. Metamorphic rocks form by burial and cementing of sediments. c. Sedimentary rocks form by heat and pressure applied to other rocks. d. Igneous rocks form by weathering and erosion of other rocks

____

3. Which statement best describes how rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic? a. Rocks are classified by where they are found. b. Rocks are classified by how old they are. c. Rocks are classified by how they were formed. d. Rocks are classified by their color. 4. The most destructive seismic wave are ____. a. primary waves b. secondary waves c. d. P-waves surface waves

____

____

5. The ____ waves are the first to reach a seismograph after an earthquake. a. surface c. primary b. secondary d. tsunami 6. What is the minimum number of seismograph stations a scientist must have data from in order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? a. two c. four b. five d. three 2

____

Name: ________________________ ____ 7. The point in Earth's interior where the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the ____. a. focus c. fault b. epicenter d. inner core 8. The crust and upper mantle make up Earth's ____. a. lithosphere c. b. asthenosphere d. 9. Plates of the lithosphere float on the ____. a. crust b. asthenosphere c. d. core continents core atmosphere

ID: A

____

____

____ 10. Which of the following lists the the contintents positions from earliest to latest? a. A, B, C, D c. C, A, B, D b. D, C, B, A d. B, D, C, A ____ 11. The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called ____. a. continental drift c. magnetic reversal b. continental slope d. convection

____ 12. At which location would earthquakes be least likely to occur? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

____ 13. The boundary between two plates moving together is called a ____. a. divergent boundary c. transform boundary b. convergent boundary d. lithosphere

Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 14. Scientists believe that differences in ____ cause hot, plasticlike rock in the asthenosphere to rise toward Earth's surface. a. density c. weight b. magnetism d. composition ____ 15. Active volcanoes are most likely to form at ____. a. transform boundaries b. divergent boundaries c. the center of continents d. convergent ocean-continental boundaries

Figure 14-1 ____ 16. According to Figure 14-1, what type of plate boundary occurs between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate? a. transform boundary b. divergent boundary c. convergent oceanic-continental plate boundary d. convergent oceanic-oceanic plate boundary ____ 17. Which statement is true of P-waves? a. They travel the fastest through rocks. b. They vibrate at 90 to the wave motion. c. d. They are last to reach the epicenter. They are the most damaging. renewable resources all hazardous wastes

____ 18. Minerals that recycle extremely slowly are ____. a. fossil fuels c. b. nonrenewable resources d.

Name: ________________________ ____ 19. Where is the focus with respect to the epicenter: a. directly below the epicenter c. b. directly above the epicenter d.

ID: A

in the P wave shadow zone in the S wave shadow zone

____ 20. To determine how far away from a seismograph station an earthquake occurred, scientists plot the difference in arrival times between... a. P and S waves c. P and L waves b. S and L waves d. seismic waves and tsunamis

____ 21. Which process is most responsible for the formation of the Grand Canyon? a. scouring by continental glaciers b. erosion by wind and water c. eruptions by explosive volcanoes d. cracking of Earths crust by earthquakes ____ 22. The elevation of the highest contour line shown on the topographic map above is

a. b.

150 meters 140 meters

c. d.

160 meters 180 meters

____ 23. Most of the world's oil is found in sedimentary rock that is of what age? a. Younger than 200 years c. older than 200 million years b. younger than 200 million years d. older than 300 million years

Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 24. The diagram shows a model of a landscape region. Which of these maps best represents the topography of this region?

a.

c.

b. ____ 25. What caused the Rocky Mountains to form? a. volcanic activity in the surrounding area b. erosion by water and glaciers c. tectonic plate shifting d. all of the above

d.

____ 26. The dense core of Earth is thought to consist predominantly of __________. a. nickel c. iron b. lead d. copper ____ 27. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the __________. a. inertial point c. focus b. epicenter d. seismic zone

ID: A

8th Grade Earth's Structure and Processes (8Sc) Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.4: Explain how igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are interrelated in the rock cycle. 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.4: Explain how igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are interrelated in the rock cycle. 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.4: Explain how igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are interrelated in the rock cycle. 4. ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.2: Explain how scientists use seismic wavesprimary, secondary, and surface waves and Earths magnetic fields to determine the internal structure of Earth. 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.2: Explain how scientists use seismic wavesprimary, secondary, and surface waves and Earths magnetic fields to determine the internal structure of Earth. 6. ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.3: Infer an earthquakes epicenter from seismographic data. 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.8: Explain how earthquakes result from forces inside Earth. 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.1: Summarize the three layers of Earthcrust, mantle, and coreon the basis of relative position, density, and composition. 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.1: Summarize the three layers of Earthcrust, mantle, and coreon the basis of relative position, density, and composition.

ID: A 10. ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.6: Explain how the theory of plate tectonics accounts for the motion of the lithospheric plates, the geologic activities at the plate boundaries, and the changes in landform areas over geologic time. 11. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.6: Explain how the theory of plate tectonics accounts for the motion of the lithospheric plates, the geologic activities at the plate boundaries, and the changes in landform areas over geologic time. 12. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.8: Explain how earthquakes result from forces inside Earth. 13. ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.6: Explain how the theory of plate tectonics accounts for the motion of the lithospheric plates, the geologic activities at the plate boundaries, and the changes in landform areas over geologic time. 14. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.1: Summarize the three layers of Earthcrust, mantle, and coreon the basis of relative position, density, and composition. 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.7: Illustrate the creation and changing of landforms that have occurred through geologic processes (including volcanic eruptions and mountain-building forces). 16. ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.9: Identify and illustrate geologic features of regions of the world through the use of imagery (including aerial photography and satellite imagery) and topographic maps. 17. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.2: Explain how scientists use seismic wavesprimary, secondary, and surface waves and Earths magnetic fields to determine the internal structure of Earth. 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.5: Summarize the importance of minerals, ores, and fossil fuels as Earth resources on the basis of their physical and chemical properties 19. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.3: Infer an earthquakes epicenter from seismographic data.

ID: A 20. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.3: Infer an earthquakes epicenter from seismographic data. 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.7: Illustrate the creation and changing of landforms that have occurred through geologic processes (including volcanic eruptions and mountain-building forces). 22. ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.9: Identify and illustrate geologic features of regions of the world through the use of imagery (including aerial photography and satellite imagery) and topographic maps. 23. ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.5: Summarize the importance of minerals, ores, and fossil fuels as Earth resources on the basis of their physical and chemical properties 24. ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.9: Identify and illustrate geologic features of regions of the world through the use of imagery (including aerial photography and satellite imagery) and topographic maps. 25. ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.7: Illustrate the creation and changing of landforms that have occurred through geologic processes (including volcanic eruptions and mountain-building forces). 26. ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.5: Summarize the importance of minerals, ores, and fossil fuels as Earth resources on the basis of their physical and chemical properties 27. ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 8Sc: The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of Earth and the processes that have altered this structure. (Earth Science) LOC: 8Sc.8: Explain how earthquakes result from forces inside Earth.