Code No: 07A60804

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Set No. 2

III B.Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations,May 2010 PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. A control system shown below gure 1contains a three-mode controller.

For D = I =1 and 1 = 2,

(a) Determine the oset for a unit step change in load and set point if K = 2. (b) Sketch the response curves (C versus t) for a unit step change in load and set point when K = 2. [8+8] 2. How would you determine the type of process that would require a cascade control and the type that would require feed forward control? What are the basic dierences between them? Explain with the help of an example. [16] 3. (a) Explain with equations and sketches the impulse response for a second order system. (b) Explain with equations and sketches the dierent approximations of the transport lag transfer function. [8+8] 4. Derive expressions for amplitude ratio and phase angle as functions of for the . [16] transfer function G(s) = s21 1 5. For the control system shown below,with D = 1/9. (a) Sketch the root locus diagram 2. (b) If the system can go unstable, nd the value of Kc that just causes instability. 1

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(c) Using Routh test, nd the locations (if any) at which the loci cross into the unstable region. [8+4+4]

Figure 2:

6. The above gure 3 liquid level system has a cross-sectional area of 3.0 ft2 . If the value is such that , calculate the time constant for this system if the average operating level is 9 ft2 . [16] 7. For the control system shown below gure 4, determine the controller settings using Ziegler-Nichols method. [16] 8. An ideal PD controller had the transfer function P = Kc (D s + 1) An actual PD controller had the transfer function D s+1) P = Kc ((D / )s+1 Where is a large constant in an industrial controller. If a unit-step change in error is introduced into a controller having the second transfer function, show that P (t) = Kc (1 + A exp(t/D ) Where A is a function of which you are to determine. For = 5 and Kc = 0.5, plot P(t) versus t/D . As , show that the unit-step response approaches that for the ideal controller. [16] 2

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Code No: 07A60804

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Set No. 4

III B.Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations,May 2010 PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Explain process identication. Explain any one method used for the identication of a process. (b) Explain the criteria for good control along with corresponding equation. [10+6] 2. Using the Bode stability criterion, determine if the open loop transfer function is e.5s . [16] stable G(s) = (0.1s3 +1)(2s+1) 3. For the control system in the gure 5: (a) Write the characteristic equation.

(b) Use the Routh test to determine if the system is stable for Kc = 4.

(c) Determine the ultimate value of Kc , above which the system is unstable. [16]

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4. A manometer of length 1.2 m and diameter 6 mm shown below in the gure 6 is lled with water to the extent of 30 cm length in the manometer. The manometer is subjected to a step change of 3000 N/m2 . Find
(a) Overshoot. (b) Decay ratio.

(c) Rise time. Is the manometer length enough for the step change given? Data: water = 1000 kg/m3 , viscosity of water = 1 x 103 N/m. 4

[16]

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Figure 6:

5. A cascade control system is shown below gure 7. Calculate the maximum gain and the critical frequency of the primary controller. Eliminating the inner loop, compare these values with the single-loop system. [16]

6. For the block diagram shown below gure 8, derive transfer functions for Y(s)/D(s) and Y(s)/Ysp(s). [16]

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Figure 8: 7. A liquid storage system is shown below. The normal operating conditions are q 1 = 10f t3 / min, q 2 = 5f t3 / min, h = 4 ft. The tank is 6 ft in diameter, and the

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Set No. 4

Figure 9:

density of each stream is 60 lb/ft3 . Suppose a pulse change occurs in q1 as shown below gure 9: (a) What is the transfer function relating H to Q1 ?

(b) Derive an expression for h(t) for this input change. (c) What is the new steady state value of liquid level h? [6+6+4]

8. A two tank chemical-reactor control system is given below gure 10. A rst order reaction A R is carried out, tanks are maintained at dierent temperatures T1 and T2 (T1 T2 ). The purpose of the control system is to maintain C2 , the concentration of A leaving tank 2, at some desired value in spite of variation in inlet concentration C0 , which is accomplished by adding a stream of pure A to tank 1 through a control valve. Develop a block diagram, with approximate transfer functions in each block. [16]

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Set No. 1

III B.Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations,May 2010 PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. The transfer functions of P, PI, PD and PID are of the form U(s)/E(s), where U(s) is the laplace transform of u(t), the controller output, and E(s) the laplace transform of e(t), the actuating error signal. Discuss and sketch u(t) vs t curves for each of these controllers when the actuating error signal is:
(a) e(t) = unit-step function. (b) e(t) = unit ramp function.

2. (a) Derive the unit ramp response of rst - order systems. Discuss for this, what is Steady state error. (b) A thermometer requires 1 min to indicate 98% of the response to a step change input. Assuming the thermometer to be a rst order-system, nd the time constant. If the thermometer is placed in a bath, the temperature of which is changing linearly at a rate of 100 /min, how much error does the thermometer show? [6+10] 3. (a) The transfer function of a system is input, nd the output y(t). (b) What is the nal value of y(t)?

4. (a) Explain the concept of root locus. Give the procedure for plotting the root locus diagram along with the rules proposed by Evans. Consider the following open loop transfer function as an example. . G = (s+1)(sK +2)(s+3) (b) Discuss the limitations of Routh test.

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[8+8]

Y (s) R(s)

5(s+100) . s2 +60s+500

If r(t) is a unit step [8+8]

[10+6]

5. Derive the closed loop transfer function relating a secondary disturbance to the primary output for a cascade control system. [16] 6. Explain in detail the characteristics of the ultimate response of a linear system with a transfer function G(s) to a sustained sinusoidal input. [16] 7. The block diagram 11 of a special feed back control system is shown below. Derive an expression for the closed loop transfer functions Y(s)/D(s) and Y(s)/Ysp(s). [16] 8. For the control system shown below gure 12, determine the controller settings using Ziegler-Nichols method. [16]

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Set No. 3

Figure 11:

III B.Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations,May 2010 PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

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1. (a) Find the number of poles in the left-half plane, the right half plane and on the j - axis for the system given below gure 13:

(b) Determine the stability of the system which has the following characteristic equation. 1 + (s+1)2((ss+4) =0 +2)(s+3) Also nd the frequency , where the system has sustained oscillation. [6+10] 2. Explain the following: (a) Band width. (b) Reset ratio. (c) Anticipatory control. 9

Code No: 07A60804

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Set No. 3

Figure 13:
(d) Positive feed back.

3. (a) Explain the operation of a feed forward control with an example. State the advantages and disadvantages.

(b) Explain the design of ratio control with an example. 4. Sketch the Bode plot for the following system: 1 ; gm (s) = Gp (s) = 5s2 +2 ; Gc (s) = 10 1 + 0.1 5s s+6

5. The two-tank liquid - level system shown in the gure 14 is operating at steady state when a step change is made in the ow rate to tank 1. The transient response is critically damped, and it takes 1.0 min for the change in level of the second tank to reach 50 % of the total change. (a) If the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the tanks is A1 /A2 =2, calculate the ratio of the resistances R1 /R2 .

(b) Calculate the time constant for each tank.

(c) How long does it take for the change in level of the rst tank to reach 90% of the total change? [16]
1 , derive the response 6. For the system below in gure 15, with G c = K c 1 + I s for a unit step change in the load variable. Explain all the terms involved in the answer. [16]

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[16]

[8+8]
10 . s+10

Gf (s) =

[16]

7. For the control system shown below gure 16, determine the controller settings using Ziegler-Nichols method. [16]

8. (a) Discuss the importance of linearization in process dynamics and control. (b) A thermometer is immersed in a liquid which is heated at such a rate that its temperature is increasing at the rate of 0.1 degree centigrade per second. If both thermometer and liquid are initially at 300 C, what rate of passage of liquid over the thermometer bulb is required, if the error in the thermometer 10

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Figure 16:

11

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reading is to be not more than 0.50 C. The mass of mercury in bulb is 10 g. Heat transfer coecient (h) is given by, where u is the velocity of uid in m/s, h in watt/m2-0 C. The surface area of bulb is 0.01 m2 and specic heat of mercury is 1.38 kJ/kg- 0 C. [6+10]

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