Introduction Photovoltaic systems capture and convert solar energy into direct current then through the use

of an inverter the direct current becomes alternating current which can travel larger distances than direct current, or a converter can be used to change the direct current into another direct current (Hamiruce et al. 2013). A tracker can also be used to improve the efficiency of the system by tracking the sun light (Houssamo et al. 2013). However, the solar cells have the greatest potential in change and development of the different components making up the system. There are many helpful situations within the photovoltaic industry that have been happening for quite some time. Subsidies are one such encouragement in the industry that helps promote the development and production of photovoltaic systems (Ruigor. 2012). The process of improving efficiency also improves the cost of the system itself. Levelized cost of energy also known as the cost of electricity is found through an equation by which a correlation between efficiency and the cost of the electricity generated is shown, and as efficiency increases the cost decreases (Wang et al. 2011). Solar cell In the process of solar cell manufacturing many techniques are present in the field and lab. In photovoltaics there are different types for example thin film PV (Edgardo et al. 2013), and concentrated PV (Lugue. 2011). Silicon is a widely used element in solar cells due to its abundant nature (Finot et al. 2011). However Silicon is mostly obtained through an intense process in which large amounts of energy is used, and it will take many years for the solar cells to make up for the power used to purify the silicon for their production. Solution processed organic cells are less costly to produce however they are less efficient then silicon. The

improvement in the field of materials and areas such as nanoparticles can increase light trapping properties making the use of nanoparticles in solar cells a significant variable in the foreseeable future (Chandrasekaran et al., 2013, and Tze et al., 2012). Multijunction cells However the most efficient solar cell to date has been multifunction cells. The difference between a multijunction cell and normal solar cells is seen in band gap. A band gap is a range of photon frequencies, and if the frequency is higher or equal to the band gap then the photon can be absorbed and its energy used. Therefore the more band gaps in the system the greater potential to absorb more photons can be achieved Multijunction cells work on this idea and most have three band gaps. These cells work very similar to nature in the way plants we see most commonly today absorb red and blue light while reflecting green light, but the green light is also absorbed in multiple places in the plant and only slightly reflected on the surface giving it a green color. The light that slips through is converted more efficiently and the energy produced travels more easily than if the green light was collected on the surface. Just like the plants Multijunction cells are the most efficient solar cell, and its efficiency can be further increased through techniques such as concentrated PV which concentrates the light for the system (Lugue. 2011). Gap With the many improvements in photovoltaic systems, solar cells are the most widely changing component. Many strive to improve the efficiency of less costly cells to produce and make them more compact. While the most efficient PV cells have made breakthroughs to make the more bulky cells become less bulky and the more costly cells to become more efficient and

decrease the cost of electricity. Many concentrated solar cells such as three multijunction solar cells have made improvements in the efficiency and now four multijunction cells are being produced. However they are still new, and with many institutions and companies trying to improve the solar cells they have always produced only some of the institutions may uptake the design and development of the four multijunction solar cells which have the possibility to improve in efficiency as its predecessor the three multijunction solar cells accomplished. Proposal New research can be attempted on the four multijunction solar cells to improve efficiency and possible improvements in nanoparticles or related small scale material applications can be effective to improve light trapping properties making concentrated multijunction solar cells less costly. This research is always being performed by institutions, however such research will need funds to continue and make possible advancements. The proposal is not to do more scientific research on a new or existing photovoltaic system for the use and production of solar energy. The proposal is more of a financial statement to large existing or future companies looking for the use of solar energy. Solar radiation is constantly released by the sun and turning the energy into a useable resource to sell and distribute to people in a place not fit for solar activity such as a city filled with skyscrapers would be cheap for the distributer and due to the shear population of the city the money yielded would greatly outnumber the money inputted in time. By using AC current that can travel a longer distance than DC current and using the other equipment such as trackers and converters one can achieve greater output of power. The one area a company should invest in would be the solar cells used to trap the light. By funding the research done on the solar cells to places such as institutions working on multijunction cells and concentrated PV cells can become more efficient and this will mean the

providers of such energy will use less money for the installation and usage of the photovoltaic system. The relatively new multijunction cell that uses four band gaps is one such area to fund. The three multijunction cells advanced at a rate that gave them more than ten percent efficiency they previously had in about two years time. If the three multijunction solar cells improved that much in such little time then a question that could be asked might be how much improvement could we expect for the four multijunction solar cells, and could we see a fifty percent efficiency?.