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Presenter:
Ansoft Corporation
Objective
Design low-cost phased array system on aircraft platform leveraging suite of Ansoft tools
3D EM/Circuit/System Approach
HFSS/Designer Co-simulation HFSS Dynamic Link
Linear/Nonlinear SubCircuit
Li ne
ar
/N Sy onl st ine em a r
Data Link
Su b-
PlanarEM Cosimulation
Result Source
Result
Datalink enables solution of very large antenna problems while minimizing compute time and RAM useage
Vivaldi Array
Target
Source
HFSS-HFSS data link permits efficient solution of very large problems on aircraft platform including antenna placement, radome interaction
Perform synthesis and optimization in Designer using parameterized models generated in HFSS solve using DSO option to maximize throughput Push excitations to HFSS model to determine nonlinear effects of active components on transmit radiation pattern
System Design
Multi-frequency, Full-duplex, Phased Array Antenna System
Four-element Vivaldi Array with low-noise amplifier, power amplifier, dual multiplexers enables simultaneous transmit and receive over broad bandwidth. Goal: Two transmit frequencies and two receive frequencies operating simultaneously using the same antenna array. Benefits: Low-cost, scalable to large arrays with module approach
Module Detail
LNA Rx
Tx
ViValdi Radiator
-- Broadband Performance -- Good cross pol. isolation
Microstrip Multiplexer
PA
The transceiver was designed to transmit at 10 or 19 GHz and receive at 12 or 21 GHz following the approach of Yun, Wang et.al. [1]
Analysis Approach
Rx LNA
Microstrip Multiplexer
ViValdi Radiator
Microstrip Multiplexer
PA
Tx
Phase Shifter
Vivaldi Analysis
Analyzed in HFSS using User Defined Part (UDP)
Single element design optimization 4x1 Element Array
Single Element
ReturnLoss
SingleElement_PML
0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 dB(St(t1,t1)) -20.00 -25.00 -30.00 -35.00 -40.00 0.00 Curve Info dB(St(t1,t1)) Setup1 : Sweep1
5.00
10.00
Freq [GHz]
15.00
20.00
25.00
2D_10GHz
SingleElement_PML
10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 dB(GainTotal) 2.00 0.00 -2.00 -4.00 -6.00
-4.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Original_PML
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-30
Rad_10GHz
0
30 6.50
-90
90
-8.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_12GHz
SingleElement_PML
10.00
5.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
dB(GainTotal)
0.00
Rad_12GHz
Original_PML
Original_PML
-30
-5.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
30 5.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-60
0.00 60 -5.00
-10.00
-10.00
-90
90
-15.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_19GHz
SingleElement_PML
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Rad_19GHz
0
Original_PML
-30 30 10.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-90
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_21GHz
SingleElement_PML
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Rad_21GHz
0
Original_PML
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-30 10.00
30
dB(GainTotal)
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
-90
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
All Figures are with each element excited with 1 Volt at 0 Phase.
2D_10Ghz
4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Rad_10GHz
0
-30
30 10.00
Original_4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90 -60
0.00
dB(GainTotal)
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_12GHz
4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Rad_12GHz
0
-30 10.00
30
Original_4x1_Array
0.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90
-60 -10.00
60
dB(GainTotal)
90
-25.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_19GHz
4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Rad_19GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
Original_4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-28.00
-90
90
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_21GHz
4x1_Array
20.00
10.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='90deg'
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
30 6.00 60 -22.00
Rad_21GHz
0
-10.00
Original_4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-30
-20.00
-8.00 -60
-30.00
-36.00
-90
90
-40.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
21 GHz 21 GHz
10 GHz
2D_10Ghz
4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
_
0
-30 7.00
30
-1.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90
-60
dB(GainTotal)
-20.00
-17.00
90
-25.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_12GHz
4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Rad_12GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
4x1_Array
-60
-4.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90
-28.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_19GHz
4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Rad_19GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
-20.00 -25.00
90
-28.00
-30.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_21GHz
4x1_Array
20.00 Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='90deg'
10.00
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
60 -16.00 90
Rad_21GHz
0
-10.00
-30 8.00
30
-20.00
4x1_Array
-4.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90
-60
-30.00
-28.00
-40.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
21 GHz
10 GHz
2D_10Ghz
4x1_Array
10.00
5.00
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
30 3.00
-5.00
Rad_10GHz
0
-30
-10.00
4x1_Array
-4.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90
-60 -11.00
60
-15.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg' 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 Theta [deg] 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00
-18.00
-20.00 0.00
90
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_12GHz
4x1_Array
Rad_12GHz
0
4x1_Array
0.00
-20.00
-60 -10.00 60
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_19GHz
4x1_Array
20.00 Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
10.00
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
30 8.00 60 -16.00
-10.00
Rad_19GHz
0
-30
-20.00
4x1_Array
-4.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-90
-60
-30.00
-28.00
90
-40.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
2D_21GHz
4x1_Array
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='90deg'
Rad_21GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
dB(GainTotal)
-28.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
-90
90
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
Transceiver System
Analysis Approach
HFSS/Designer Co-simulation
Linear/Nonlinear Sub-Circuit
Li ne ar /N
on lin ea rS ub -
Sy st em
PlanarEM Co-simulation
Multiplexer Design
Common Antenna Port
BPF 10 GHz
BPF 12 GHz
BPF 19 GHz
BPF 21 GHz
To LNA
Microstrip Multiplexer
10 GHz
12 GHz
19 GHz
Low-Frequency Results
High-Frequency Results
TR Module
Now add the active components to the Designer analysis
Broadband LNA
Broadband LNA
Transmit: Power Amp Section: TGA8310, 2xTGA8334 Receive: Low Noise Amp Section: 2xTGA1342, TGA8310
Gain/Power Compression
TR Module Summary
Transmit Section (PAs) @ 10GHz Receive Section (LNAs) @ 12GHz
TR Module Summary
TR Module NF Budget LNA Section Freq: 21GHz Channel Overall TR NF: 8.3dB
TR Module P1dB Budget Pwr Amp Section Freq: 19GHz Channel Overall TR P1dB: 24.95dBm
Pushed Excitations
Objective: Determine impact of variations associated with the T/R modules active components on far-field antenna pattern
Approach: Model effect in Designer and push these excitations as inputs to HFSS posts using Dynamic Link, examine results
Baseline -- no compression
Build compensation tables to achieve Study Case Compression modeled desired results in Designer and pushed to HFSS
Click on the Dynamic Link HFSS model and select Push_Excitations Select the Solution and Freq The Mag and Phase defined in the Source are used to drive the circuit and thus drive the fields in HFSS (parameterized as AC_MAG and AC_PHASE)
Designer dialog boxes identify HFSS models and list all associated parameter variables
Linear/non-linear subcircuit analysis Linear/non-linear subsystem analysis PlanarEM co-simulation HFSS Dynamic Link Pushed Excitations Designer-HFSS
Integration on Aircraft
Source Design
Target Design
Summary
Approach
HFSS/Designer Co-simulation HFSS Dynamic Link
Linear/Nonlinear SubCircuit
Li ne
ar
/N Sy onl st ine em a r
Data Link
Su b-
PlanarEM Cosimulation
Conclusion
Phased Array Antenna System
Four Element Vivaldi Phased Array Analyzed in HFSS Complete System Analysis Performed in Designer Dynamic Link of Designer with HFSS Demonstrated
Integration on Aircraft
Demonstrated HFSS Data Link of Antenna System to Host Platform Utilized Symmetry Planes to Maximize Efficiency Key to Success: Effective Linkage of Multiple Ansoft Tools
References
[1] T.-Y. Yun, C. Wang, P. Zepeda, C.T. Rodenbeck, M.R. Coutant, M. Li, and K. Chang, A 10-21 GHz, low-cost, multi-frequency, and full-duplex phased array antenna system, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, pp. 641 650, May 2002.