Reference

Calculation

Output

Ac Acc As As min av b c d 7c 7t fcu fs fy " $ $% $y h ' L L l% ly l& M M% My M& ) r #L# + t -L# . v vc % %0 y' & &0

Area of concrete Area of concrete in compression Area of tension reinforcement Minimum area of tension reinforcement Length of that part of member traversed by shear failure plane With (breath) or effective width of section Cover to outer diameter ffective depth of section !asic force used in defining compressive forces !asic force used in defining tie forces Characteristic strength of concrete stimated design service stress in the tension reinforcement Characteristic strength of reinforcement #hear modulus Ma%imum hori&ontal force $ori&ontal force in % direction $ori&ontal force in y direction Overall depth 'nife edge load Critical perimeter (imension of element on % direction (imension of element on y direction (imension of element on & direction (esign ultimate resistance moment Moment on % a%is Moment on y a%is Moment on & a%is #urcharge load *nternal radius of bend #erviceability limit state +raction force +hic,ness of the element -ltimate limit state #hear force due to design ultimate loads or design ultimate value of a concentrated load (esign shear stress (esign shear stress in concrete /eutral a%is depth (istance from 1 a%is to the centroid of an element (istance from 2 a%is to the centroid of an element Lever arm (istance from 2 3 1 plane to point where the considered resultant force acting Coefficient4 variously defined4 as appropriate #train in tension reinforcement /ominal range of movement #oil friction angle4 or diameter Active earth pressure -nit weight of soil 5artial load factor 5artial load factor

s
a

fL f3

D E

DESIGN UNIT

(oc6 /o6 (esigned

(ate

D EPC DIVISION E CENTRAL ENGINEERING C Reference

CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Chec,ed 8ob Code

(ate 5age Output

Calculation

D EPC DIVISION E CENTRAL ENGINEERING C Reference

DESIGN UNIT

CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code

(ate (ate 5age Output

Calculation

D EPC DIVISION E CENTRAL ENGINEERING C Reference

DESIGN UNIT

CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code

(ate (ate 5age Output

Calculation

D EPC DIVISION E CENTRAL ENGINEERING C Reference

DESIGN UNIT

CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code

(ate (ate 5age Output

Calculation

D E C

DESIGN UNIT EPC DIVISION CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code

(ate (ate 5age

Reference

Calculation Design of Box Culve !

Ground Level
X

Output

hs

hw l

hw

hs

7igure 9: (imentional 5roperties h l #oil Cover 4 $ #afe !earing 5ressure ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; :6< m :6= m >6< m :=9 ,/?m< 96< m ( hw 4 h ; span?(:9 @:=))

#ection +hic,ness Main R?7 Cover to R?7 "rade of Concrete

5roperties of #oil

:< mm A= mm <= /?mm< <A ,/?mC

<9 ,/?mC

Bc
Bs

Bw
F0 " # Pe $%nen! Lo%&s :6: (ead Loads

D6E: ,/?mC
<= o

+he nominal dead doad consist of the weight of the materials and the part of the structure #tructural ngineering (esign in preactice (Roger 3 westbroo,) (page3DA) (epth of cover ($) C % width ; ; C ; C % width I ; >6< m % -nit Weight of Concrete shall be ta,en as <A ,/?mC !ecouse of the arching of soil4 chec, whether the depth above culvert is G C % width of culvert ( in which case limit depth to C % width )

:6H
#o

A6E m >6< m

(epth limited to #urcharge on Roof

#urcharge 5resure ()r) )r

A6E m

; ;

A6E % DH

<9 ,/?m<

#oil ngineering (#pangler J $andy)

C%sses of 'on&ui! ins!%ll%!ion 'onsi&e %s Di!'( Con&ui! Di!'( Con&ui! A ditch conduit is defined as one which is instaled in a relatively narrow
ditch dug in passive or undisturbed soil and wich is then covered with earth bac,fill6

Ce)lon Ele'! i'i!) Bo% &

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l *

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed

S.M.P

(ate (ate

C:69=6<9:9

C E B

Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

8ob Code Calculation

5age

Reference
+%xi$u$ lo%& on &i!'( 'on&i!ion (epth of cover

: Output

>6<

Su '(% ge on Roof
#urcharge 5resure ()r) < ()r) ; Cd6B6!d Cd 0 ; <6'60 4

:3e-2K0($?!d)

; tan 0

'

:3sin
:Lsin

coedicient of friction between fill material and side of ditch

Active Lateral earth pressure coeficient

'
!d B

3
3

$ori&ontal width of ditch at top of conduit

-nit weight (wet density) of filling material $eight of fill above top of conduite Load coeficient for ditch condition ; ;

3
3 3

$
Cd #o4 '

:3sin
:Lsin 96A9H 96AHH 96>H :6A9C

!d ;

C6H9 m4 Consider :m length of Roof slab

; tan 0 ;

<6'6K06($?!d) ; Cd ()r) ()r) #tructural

ngineering

< ; Cd6B6!d

:9:69 ,/?m<

:6< $ori&ontal arth 5ressure *f the bac,fill properties are ,nown4 *f wall friction is to be ignored '9 'a ; :3sin F0 ; ( :3sin F0 ) ? ( :Lsin F0 ) ( = 0 ) ; ; 96=E 96A:

(esign in preactice (Roger 3 westbroo,) (page3DA)

) ma%

; B6'a6h ; <9 % 96A: % ; >C6E> ,/?m< ; <9 % 96A: % ; :=6A< ,/?m< ; )ma% 3 )ep ; =E6AA ,/?m<

D6:

)ep

:6D

) )

Ce)lon Ele'! i'i!) Bo% &

C E

D%$ S%fe!)

(oc6 /o6 (esigned

S.M.P

(ate

C:69=6<9:9

C E B

Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

Chec,ed 8ob Code Calculation

(ate 5age

Reference
AA#$+O C6>6: , # Ve !i'%l Live Lo%&s

: Output

7or 7ill (epths $ M E feet (<A99 mm) and Culvert Clear #pan Length4 +he effect of live load is neglected in design when the depth of fill is more than

E feet
- # .)& os!%!i' P essu e (In!e n%l)

) ip

; C6h ; D6E: % :6> ; :H6HE ,/?m<

/ # An%l)sis Reinforced Concrete (esigners Manual (ref3=6:) Constant ' ; h l

hs hw

C ,: ,C ,= ,> ,E

; ; ; ; ; ;

:6<: 'L: 'LC <'LC <'L> C'LE ; ; ; ; ; <6<: A6<: =6AC D6AC ::6HA

A6: Load Case 39: +esting Condition A6:6: $ydrostatic 5ressure3(*nternal) Reinforced Concrete (esigners Manual (ref3=6:)
D q = q ip ressures B.M.D C qip A B

MA ;

M! ; )ip6h<6'6,> H96,:6,C ; 96DD ,/6m?m M( ; Ma6 'E ,> ; :6<< ,/6m?m

MC ;

A6:6< 7le%ure due to weight of wall Wall weight ( " ) ; hw6B6h ; Reinforced Concrete (esigners Manual (ref3=6:)
D q! ressures B.M.D C G G A B

E6< ,/?m

): ; <6" l6hw

:96<9 ,/?m<

MA ;

M! ; ):6l<6' :<6,:6,C ; 96<< ,/6m?m M( ; Ma6 '= ' ; 396D>

MC ;

,/6m?m

A6:6C 7le%ure due to weight of Roof ) ; hs6Bc ; A6E ,/?m<

(oc6 /o6

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

(esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code Calculation

A B

S.M.P

Reference

(ate C:69=6<9:9 (ate 5age < Output

MA ;
D q = q! ressures B.M.D C

M! ;

MC ;

M(

; )6l< :<6,: ; 396C= Walls 96<< 396D> 96<< PP :6=C 396CE

Walls L Roof 396:A 3:6C< :69A <6C= 396>C

,/6m?m Bf
:6A :6A :6A :6A :6A

Addition of moment for Load case 9: 5osition

A and ! C and ( Roof mid3 #pan !ase mid3 #pan Walls middle

$ydrost3 atic 96DD :6<< 96DD :6<< P 3<69H

Bf :6A :6A :6A :6A :6A

uls3 Mb :6CE :6>9 :6CE :6>9 3<6EE

Roof 396C= 396C=

uls3 +otal Mb
396:D 3:6E= :6A= C6<D 3:69< :6:D

uls

396:= <6EC =699 3C6D9

PP
96E<

PP
96E< 396C=

+able 3 9: 7i%ed end mement of the wall for $ydrostatic load MA ; ; W6L := :6H: ,/6m?m ; ; ; MC ; W6L :9 <6A: ,/6m?m W6L <C6C 3:69 ,/6m?m

Ma%imum (3ve) moment (Where % is 96A=L from C)

P Calculation of moment at mid span of walls done by apro%imatly by adding moment transferred to mid span from 7 M to the Ma%imum negative meoment occurred at 96A=L after moment distribution PP Moment at mid span of the wall is calculated by considering full bending Calculation of midspan moment due to wall load /iutral a%is depth from A ; 96<H m

A6< Load Case 39< Culvert empty and trench filled

Lateral soil pressurees giving rise to fle%ture in the structure Q)Qis the rectanguler pressure and Q)epQ is the triangular pressure
A6<6: +rianguler 5ressure4)ep Reinforced Concrete (esigners Manual (ref3=6:)
qep ressures qep D B.M.D C A B

MA ;

M! ; )ep6h<6'6,> H96,:6,C ; 396D: ,/6m?m M( ; MA6 'E ,> ; 3:6:C ,/6m?m

MC ;

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code Calculation

S.M.P

Reference
A6<6< #urcharge on walls4) Reinforced Concrete (esigners Manual (ref3=6:)

(ate C:69=6<9:9 (ate 5age C Output

M! ; MC ; M( ; )6h<6' :<6,: ; 3>6>< ,/6m?m A6<6C #urcharge on Roof 4)r MA ; M! ; MC ; M( ; )6l< :<6,: ; 3>6A= ,/6m?m Addition of moment for Load Case <
5osotion A and ! C and ( Roof mid3#pan !ase mid3 #pan Walls middle

MA ;

D ressures
A

C B.M.D
B

D ressures B.M.D

)ep
396D: 3:6:C 396D: 3:6:C

Walls J #urcharg Roof(LC3:) 3e (Roof)

+otal (#urvice) 3:H6<< 3:>6H< D6>9 :96E9 H6H=

Bf :6A :6A :6A :6A :6A

+otal

-6L6#6

3>6>< 3>6>< 3>6>< 3>6><

396:A 3:6C< :69A <6C= 396>C

3>6A= 3>6A= :>6<D :>6<D 3>6A=

3<<6>9 3<A6HH :C6=E :=6:< D6C:

P
:6AC

PP
:C6CD

7i%ed end mement of the wall due to )ep MA ; ; W6L := :6AD ,/6m?m ; ; ; A6< Load Case 39C A6<6: +his is load case 9< L $ydrostatic load from Load case 9: MC ; W6L :9 <6<C ,/6m?m W6L <C6C 3:69 ,/6m?m

Ma%imum (3ve) moment (Where % is 96A=L from C)

5osotion A and ! C and ( Roof mid3#pan !ase mid3 #pan Walls middle

L6C69< (#ervice)

$ydrost6 (#ervice)

+otal (#ervice)

L6C69< (-6L6#6)

$ydrost6 (-6L6#6)

+otal

(-6L6#6)

3:H6<< 3:>6H< D6>9 :96E9 H6H=

96DD :6<< 96DD :6<< 3<69H

3:=6<C 3:H6A9 :96HD :<69< A6=D

3<<6>9 3<A6HH :C6=E :=6:< D6C:

:6CE :6>9 :6CE :6>9 3<6EE

3<:6C< 3<<6DH :A6DH :H6EC H6AC

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code Calculation

S.M.P

Reference

(ate C:69=6<9:9 (ate 5age A Output

0 # C(e'1 on g oun& s%fe 2e% ing 3 essu e =6: Load Case 39: $ydrostatic 5ressure Weight of walls Weight of Roof L 7loor +otal 5ressure +otal 5ressure =6< Load Case 39< Weight of walls Weight of Roof L 7loor #urcharge on Roof +otal 5ressure +otal 5ressure =6C Load Case 39C Weight of walls Weight of Roof L 7loor #urcharge on Roof $ydrostatic 5ressure +otal 5ressure +otal 5ressure 4 # U5L5S5 of 6lex!u e Ma%imum Moments ,/6m?m Member Roof Walls !ase i 3 #labs Ma%imum Moment ; <A6:= ,/6m?m $ogging 3<<6>9 3<A6HH 3<A6HH (L6C39:) (L6C39<) (L6C39<) #agging :A6DH D6C: :H6EC (L6C39C) (L6C39<) (L6C39C) I :=9 ,/?m< ; ; ; ; ; :96<9 D6H9 DH699 :H6HE ,/?m< ,/?m< ,/?m< ,/?m< I :=9 ,/?m< ; ; ; ; :96<9 D6H9 DH699 ,/?m< ,/?m< ,/?m< I :=9 ,/?m< ; ; ; ; :H6HE :96<9 D6H9 CH6AE ,/?m< ,/?m< ,/?m<

,/?m< hence o,

::=6E9 ,/?m< hence o,

:<<6<E ,/?m< hence o,

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code Calculation

S.M.P

Reference
4#

(ate C:69=6<9:9 (ate 5age = Output

Design C%l'ul%!ion fo Box Culve !

H6: U5L5S5 of 6lex!u e Analysis was carried out for several load cases of various loading arrangements to find out the ma%imum effect on the !o% culvert (iameter of main reinforcement (iameter of secondary reinforcement ; ;

#ection +hic,ness Ma%imum !ending Moment

; ;

mm mm <99 mm
:< :< <A6:= ,/6m?m

Assume severe environment condition4 for driving rain Cover ffective depth4 d , ;
<99 3 A= 3

; H

A=

mm
d < ; :AD mm

; :AD

mm < M ? (bd fcu) ; ; (<A6:=%:9H ?(:999%:AD<%<=) ; 969AA I 96:H

$ence no compression r?f is re)uired M & ; (96E>fy)As& ; (: 3 :6:fyAs? fcubd) d & & e)uation : e)uation = from these two e)uations

; d (96=L(96<=3,?96D):?< ; d U96=L(96<=3969AA?96D):?< ; :A:6A:

I 96D=9 d

+a,e R as 96D=d R ; 96D= ; 96D=

d % :AD ; :A<

mm

H6:6: Design of $%in einfo 'e$en! As ; M ? 96E>fy& ; <A6:= %:9H ? 96E>%AH9%:A< -se As re) A<H ; A=< ; mm<?m ; mm<?m

mm ?m + :< S <=9 ( As
; A<H
<

mm ?m
<

As pro
A=<

+ini$u$ % e% of $%in %info 'e$en! fo sl%2s ; :99%A=<?(:999%:AD) :99As ? bad $ence o6,

; 96C9

TTT 96:C

Main r?f T ", 7 ,08

H6< Design fo S(e% Reinfo 'e$en!

Chec, shear in -6L6#6 on roof and floor slabs +a,e Load case 9< #hear across support ; ( ::=6E9 3 Wt of !ase % Bf ) ; :9D69E ,/?m<

+herefore shear in the support ; ;

:9D69E % :6< ?< H=6A= ,/?m (oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

S.M.P

Reference
(esign shear force4 . design ffective depth4 d

Calculation
; ; H=6A= ,/?m

(ate C:69=6<9:9 (ate 5age H Output

:AD mm +ension steel across shear plane ; 1:< 3<=9 c?c

:99 As?bd

; ;

:99 % A=< :999%:AD 96C9

!# E::9 5art 9: table C6:

ffective depth

vc

; :AD mm ; 96>D%N(:99As?bd):?C6(A99?d):?A?:6<= ; 96=A

; .?bd ; (H=6A=%:9C)?(:999%:AD) ; 96AA /?mm<

(esign shear stress

vc

$ence o6,

H6C C(e'1 in U5L5S5 on !(e %2ili!) of !(e 9%ll !o ! %s$i! !(e %xi%l lo%&s !s E::9 C6D6C6H6< C6A6A6: +reat as a column with bending at right angle to wall

Chec, h?hw

; ;

:6> ? 96< E6= I :< hence column is short

!# E::9 indicates that the effect of the a%ial load may be ignored if this force does not e%ceed 96:6fcu6(c6s6a6)

hence

96:6fcu6(C6#6A)

;
; ; ;

96: %
H99 L

C9 %
,/?m

<99
:6> % :6A :6> % <A%:6A ) H99 ,/?m

-ltimate Load ?m?Wall

:?<( DH69 % 96< % :<9 ,/?m I hence o6,6

+he above calculation assumes that the wall is cosidered as reignfoced and not mass concrete vertical R?7 provided so Area 5ercentage of Concrete area ; 1 ; ; ; +his is G Minimum of 96AV :< S <99 < Layers ::C:69 mm< ::C:69 % :999 % 96>H V G :99 :AD 96A V hence o6,6

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code Calculation

S.M.P

Reference

(ate C:69=6<9:9 (ate 5age > Output

C E B

D%$ S%fe!) Envi on$en!%l * Civil S! u'!u e +%in!%n%n'e

(oc6 /o6 (esigned Chec,ed 8ob Code

S.M.P

(ate C:69=6<9:9 (ate 5age E