IMPORTANT TERMS IN SPM CHEMISTRY FOR DEFINITION. FORM 4 : 1. %. ,. 4. -. .. 1. 0. 3. Isotope is atoms that have same n m!e" o# p"otons !

t $i##e"ent n m!e" o# ne t"ons &oi'in( point is tempe"at "e at )hi*h 'i+ i$ *han(es to (as n$e" stan$a"$ p"ess "e Me'tin( point is tempe"at "e at )hi*h so'i$ *han(es to 'i+ i$ n$e" stan$a"$ p"ess "e Empi"i*a' #o"m 'a is #o"m 'a that sho)s the simp'est "atio o# the n m!e" o# atoms o# ea*h e'ement in a *ompo n$. Mo'e* 'a" #o"m 'a is #o"m 'a that sho)s the a*t a' n m!e" o# atoms o# ea*h e'ement in a mo'e* 'e o# the *ompo n$. /"o p is the ve"ti*a' *ompo n$ in the pe"io$i* ta!'e that *omp"ises 10 ("o ps Pe"io$ is ho"i2onta' "o)s in the pe"io$i* ta!'e that *onsists o# 1 pe"io$s Ioni* !on$ is !on$ that #o"m #"om the t"ans#e" # e'e*t"on #"om meta' atoms to non meta' atoms Cova'ent !on$ is !on$ that #o"m #"om the sha"in( o# e'e*t"ons !et)een non meta' Atoms.

14. E'e*t"o'5sis is the p"o*ess o# !"ea6in( $o)n *hemi*a' *ompo n$s via se o# e'e*t"i* * ""ent 11. Anion is ne(ative'5 *ha"(e ions 1%. Cation is positive'5 *ha"(e$ ions 1,. St"on( a*i$ is a*i$ that $isso*iates 7ionises8 *omp'ete'5 in )ate" to #o"m h5$"o(en ions o# hi(h *on*ent"ation. 14. 9ea6 a*i$ is a*i$ that $isso*iates 7ionises8 pa"tia''5 in )ate" to #o"m h5$"o(en ions o# 'o) *on*ent"ation. 1-. Monop"oti* a*i$ is one mo'e o# a*i$ p"o$ *es one mo'e o# h5$"o(en ion 1.. Dip"oti$ a*i$ is one mo'e o# a*i$ p"o$ *es t)o mo'e o# h5$"o(en ions 11. St"on( a'6a'i is a'6a'i that is p"o$ *es )hen a !ase $isso*iates 7ionises8 *omp'ete'5 in )ate" to p"o$ *es h5$"o:i$es ions o# hi(h *on*ent"ations

10. )ea6 a'6a'i is a'6a'i that is p"o$ *es )hen a !ase $isso*iates 7ionises8 pa"tia''5 in )ate" to p"o$ *es h5$"o:i$es ions 'o) *on*ent"ations 13. Ne t"a'isation "ea*tion is the "ea*tion that ta6e p'a*e !et)een a*i$ an$ !ase to #o"m sa't an$ )ate". %4. Sa't is the *ompo n$ that is p"o$ *e$ )hen the h5$"o(en ions #"om a*i$ is "ep'a*e$ !5 a meta' ion o" ammoni m ion. %1. P"e*ipitation "ea*tion is the "ea*tion that invo'ves the e:*han(e o# ions to p"o$ *e inso' !'e sa'ts. %%. A''o5 is the *ompo n$ that is #o"me$ !5 mi:in( meta's )ith othe" e'ements. %,. A''o5in( is the p"o*ess o# mi:in( atoms o# p "e meta's an$ atoms o# imp "ities s *h as meta' an$ non meta's via me'tin( %4. Po'5me" is the 'on( *haine$ mo'e* 'e ma$e #"om the *om!ination o# man5 sma'' mo'e* 'es7monome"s8 %-. Po'5me"isation is the p"o*ess o# *om!inin( monome"s to #o"m po'5me" FORM 1. %. ,. 4. -. .. Rate o# "ea*tion is Spee$ at )hi*h "ea*tants a"e *onve"te$ into p"o$ *ts in a *hemi*a' "ea*tion. Ave"a(e "ate o# "ea*tion is The ave"a(e va' e o# the "ate o# "ea*tion )ithin a spe*i#ie$ pe"io$ o# time Rate o# "ea*tion at (iven;Instantaneo s time is The a*t a' "ate o# "ea*tion at that instan E##e*tive *o''ision is *o''isions )hi*h a*hieve$ a minim m a*tivation ene"(5 an$ )ith the *o""e*t o"ientation )i'' "es 't in a "ea*tion. Cata'5st is a s !stan*e )hi*h a'te"s o" spee$ p the "ate o# *hemi*a' "ea*tion )hi'e it "emains *hemi*a''5 n*han(e$ at the en$ o# the "ea*tion. A'6anes a"e sat "ate$ h5$"o*a"!ons that ea*h *a"!on atom is !on$e$ to #o " othe" atoms !5 sin('e *ova'ent !on$s. /ene"a' #o"m 'a CnH%n<%

1. A'6enes a"e nsat "ate$ h5$"o*a"!on !e*a se the p"esen*e o# the $o !'e !on$. /ene"a' #o"m 'a CnH%n

0. 3.

Re$o: "ea*tion is Chemi*a' "ea*tions invo'vin( o:i$ation an$ "e$ *tion o** ""in( sim 'taneo s'5 O:i$ant ; O:i$i2in( a(ent is The s !stan*e that *a ses o:i$ation

14. Re$ *tant ; Re$ *in( a(ent is The s !stan*e that *a ses "e$ *tion 11. O:i$ation n m!e" is The o:i$ation n m!e" o# an e'ement is the *ha"(e that the atom o# the e'ement )o '$ have i# *omp'ete t"ans#e" o# e'e*t"on o** "s 1%. The"mo*hemist"5 is the st $5 o# *han(es in heat ene"(5 )hi*h ta6e p'a*e $ "in( *hemi*a' "ea*tion 1,. E:othe"mi* "ea*tion is A *hemi*a' "ea*tion that /I=ES O>T; RE?EASES heat to the s ""o n$in(s 14. En$othe"mi* "ea*tion is A *hemi*a' "ea*tion that A&SOR& heat #"om the s ""o n$in(s 1-. Heat o# p"e*ipitation is the heat *han(e )hen one mo'e o# a p"e*ipitate is #o"me$ #"om thei" ions in a+ eo s so' tion 1.. Heat o# Dip'a*ement is the heat *han(e )hen one mo'e o# meta' is $ip'a*e$ #"om its so' tion !5 a mo"e e'e*t"opositive meta'. 11. heat o# ne t"a'i2ation is the heat *han(e )hen one mo'e o# )ate" is #o"me$ #"om the "ea*tion !et)een an a*i$ an$ an a'6a'i. 10. Heat o# *om! stion is the heat *han(e )hen 1 mo' o# s !stan*e is *omp'ete'5 ! "nt in o:5(en n$e" stan$a"$ *on$itions. 13. Soap is so$i m sa't o" potassi m sa't o# 'on(@*hain #att5 a*i$s. %4. saponi#i*ation p"o*ess is the p"o*ess o# h5$"o'i52in( #ats o" oi' n$e" a'6a'ine *on$itions. %1. Dete"(ent is so$i m sa't #o" s 'phoni* a*i$. S 'phoni* a*i$ is an o"(ani* a*i$ )ith *hain 'en(ths o# 1% to 10 *a"!on pe" mo'e* 'e. %%. Me$i*ine is the s !stan*es that *han(e the # n*tion o# !o$5 %,. T"a$itiona' me$i*ine is $e"ive$ #"om nat "a' so "*es s *h as p'ants an$ anima' )itho t !ein( p"o*esse$ *hemi*a''5 %4. Mo$e"n me$i*ine is 6no)n as *hemothe"ap5 ma$e in va"io s t5pe 'i6e pi''A *aps 'eA paste an$ so' tion

%-. Ana'(esi* is me$i*ine that "e'ieve pain %.. Anti!ioti* is me$i*ine that $est"o5 o" p"event the ("o)th o# in#e*tion o# mi*"oo"(anisms. %1. Ps5*hothe"ape ti* is me$i*ine that t"eatin( menta' an$ emotiona' i''ness %0. Ho"mone is a o"(ani* s !stan*e that p"o$ *e !5 h man en$o*"ine ('an$ to *ont"o' ph5sio'o(5 p"o*ess an$ homeostasis %3. Steroid is nat "a' 'ipi$ *ompo n$. Ste"oi$ is $ivi$e to ste"oi$ ana!o'i* an$ *o"ti*oste"oi$