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The Art of Designing Ductile Concrete in the Past 50 Years: The Impact of the PCA Book and Mete A. Sozen, Part 1
ACI WEB SESSIONS

ACI Fall 2012 Convention October 21 24, Toronto, ON

Dr. James O. Jirsa is chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering at The University of Texas at Ausin and holder of the Janet S. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering. He is one of the foremost researchers in the United States in the behavior and design of reinforced concrete structures, including the anchorage and development of reinforcement, detailing, durability, and rehabilitation of structures in seismic zones. He is also one of the leading educators in earthquake engineering. Jim served on the EERI Board of Directors and is an Honorary Member and past President of the American Concrete Institute. He has given outstanding service to the earthquake engineering community as a member and chair of numerous ACI committees, including ACI 318, Structural Concrete Building Code, and ACI 369, Seismic Repair and Rehabilitation. He has engineering degrees from the Universities of Nebraska and Illinois and was on the faculty at Nebraska and Rice University before joining UT Austin in 1972.
ACI WEB SESSIONS

TheArtofDesigningDuctileConcreteinPast50Years: TheImpactofthePCABookandMeteSozen

ReflectingonDuctileConcrete AperspectivefromZone0
JamesO.Jirsa TheUniversityofTexasatAustin

Ataleofthebluebooks!

(1)1962

Preface
Aboveallitisnecessarytohaveanunderstanding ofthemannerinwhichastructureabsorbsthe energytransmittedtoitbyanearthquakeandthe maximumamountofmotionandenergythe structurecansustain. ThePCAbookwasintendedtohelpengineers understandandimplementtheseconcepts. Itprovidedabackgroundsothatengineersknew whatquestionstoask

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..todefinethestrengthanddeformation characteristicsofreinforcedconcretemembers whichareimportant inthedesignofbuildings toresistlateralforces. Computations forresponsewereconfirmedby testdata.

Effectofcompressionreinforcement

Effectof confining reinforcement

Comp Steel Ratio

Steel Ratio

Confining Steel

Column Load

Ductility

TheexperimentalresultsincludedinChapter5 ofthePCABookwerefroma testprogram conductedbyBurnsandSiess on Bendingdeformationofreinforcedconcrete members

DistributionofCurvatureatUltimate MeasuredMomentCurvatureRelationships MeasuredLoadDeflectionRelationships Behaviorunderreversalsofloading

(2)1962

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Objective
toestablishloaddeformationrelationshipsforthebeamto

columnconnectionsofreinforcedconcreteframes.

Thetestprogramwasthefirststepinextendingwhatwas knownaboutsectionstrengthtoframestrengthand deformationcharacteristics.

(3)1967

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(4)
Programof beamcolumn jointtestsat PCAwere suggestedby SEAOC

44%lessjoint reinforcement

Nojoint hoops Stub transverse beams

62% less axial load Nojoint hoops Nostub transverse beams

July1976

Anchorageofhookedbars
MeteSozenchairedACI/ASCE352whenitwasorganizedin1966

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ACI352Recommendationsin1976
Classifiedjoints Designconsiderations
Forces CriticalSections

Testsby WightandSozen 1973

Jointrequirements
Shearstrength Flexureofbeamsandcolumns Anchorage

Areasofneededresearch DesignExamples

ShearinJoints

DesignExamples

BeamColumnJointTestProgramatTexas
1977Meinheit

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1983Leon(InteriorandexteriorJoints,somewith
slabs,bidirectionalloading)

US/JapanProgram1980s
7storyRCstructurewithshearwalltestsin Japan Component testsandsmallscaletestsinJapan andUS

1984Joglekar (US/JapanLargeScaleTestProgram) 1988Guimaraes (Biaxialloadingandhighstrength

materials)

BeamColumnJointDesign Requirements
USACI352 JapanArchitectural InstituteofJapan NewZealandNZ Standards Considerable disagreement on o roleoftransversesteel o shearcapacity ofconcreteinjoint o minimum detailing requirements. Manyworkshopsandconferenceswereheldthatincluded researchersanddesignersfromUS,Japan,NewZealand, China,andCanada butdifferenceswerenevercompletely resolved.

(5)1977
FirstversionofACI 318thatincluded provisionsdesignof reinforcedconcretein seismiczones. MeteSozenchaired thegroupthat developedthe provisions.

MeteSozen
Influencedvirtuallyallaspectsofdesignof concretestructuresinseismiczones Influencedalargenumberofresearchersall overtheworld Taughtustoasktherightquestions ButasentenceinthePrefacetotheBlume, Newmark,Corningbookisstilltrue

Itisanartaswellasascience,andrequires experienceandjudgment onthepartofthe engineer,aswellasasensitivitytothetrue natureoftheproblem. FromthePrefaceto