1(a) Construct a parabola when the distance between focus and the directrix is 40mm using eccentricity method.

Draw tangent and normal at any point on the resultant curve. Procedure 1. Draw a line AB as directrix. 2. From point C on AB draw a line CE perpendicular to AB. Mark the focus point F such that CF = 70 mm. 3. Divide the line CF into 7 equal parts. 4. Mark the vertex D such that CD = 3/2 of CF. 5. Draw a line DG = DF perpendicular to DF(also draw DG1) 6. Draw the line joining C & G and extend it (also CG1) 7. Make a point 1 on the line CE. 8. Draw a line through 1 perpendicular to CE to intersect at 1 on CG, if produced. 9. With F as centre 11 as radius draw an arc , cutting the line 11 at 1(also 11) 10. Similarly mark points 2,3,4 on the line CE and get the points 21,31,41,.and 21,31,41,.. 11. Join all the points by freehand. The curve obtained is HYPERBOLA. 12. Mark the point P on the Hyperbola. Draw the line joining P & F. 13. Draw a line perpendicular to FP till it meets the line AB at Q. Also draw the line joining Q and P. 14. Now the line PQ is the required tangent. 15. Draw a line perpendicular to PQ trough the point P is the resulting normal MN
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1(b) An inelastic string of length 100mm is wound around a circle of diameter 26mm. Draw the path traced by the end of the string. Draw also a normal and tangent at any on the curve

Procedure 1. With O as centre, radius equal to 13mm, draw a circle. 2. Let point 8 be the generating point 1 be the starting point 3. Divide the circle into 8 segment and give notation 4. If a thread to be partly unwound from point A upto 1,, the point A will move to the position 1, such that 7, is equal to arc length

2(a) The projection on the XY line of the horizontal and vertical traces of a straight line AB in the first quadrant are 120 mm apart. The vertical trace is 100 mm above XY and horizontal trace 50 mm in front of XY line. The point A and B are 30 mm and 80 mm above the horizontal plane respectively. Draw the projections.

Procedure 1. Draw the locus of VT parallel to and 100 mm above XY line. Draw the locus of HT parallel to and 30 mm below XY line. 2. Mark VT on the locus and draw a projector to meet the XY line at v. Draw the projector for HT 120 mm away from the projector of VT. The projector will meet the locus of the horizontal trace at HT. 3. Name the point of intersection of this projector with XY as h. Join h with VT and v with HT. So the elevation and plan must lie on these lines. 4. It is given that the end A is 30 mm above XY. The front view of the line (ab) will lie on the line hVT and the plan ab will lie on hVT. 5. Through a draw a projector to meet the line hHT at a. Again for end b, draw a perpendicular line to VT. This will meet the line hVT at a, and vHT at a. ab is the front view and ab is the top view. 6. To get the true length and true inclination in the front view draw the lines from a & b perpendicular to ab and get the corresponding infront of distance with respect to VP. i.e. on the line through a set the distance equal to the distance of a below XY and name it as A. 7. In the perpendicular through b set a distance equal to the distance of b below XY and name it as B. Join AB which will show the true length and the true inclination . (Angle between MN and mn). 8. Similarly in the top view draw the perpendicular through a & b and get the corresponding above distances with respect to HP to get true length and true inclination .
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2(b) A hexagonal lamina of 30 mm side rests on one of its corners on the HP. The diagonal passing through this corner is inclined at 45 to the HP. Draw three view of the lamina.

Procedure 1. Draw the top view, assuming the plane lying on the ground with the one edge 23 parallel to XY. Draw projectors from 1,2,3,4,5 & 6 to get front view. 2. Till the front view at an angle of 45 to XY plane. 3. Draw the projectors vertically downwards from the points 11,21,31,41,51 & 61 and horizontal lines from the points 1,2,3,4,5 & 6 to get the point in the new top view 11,21,31,41,51,61. 3(a) A pentagonal prism of side 30 mm and axis 70 mm long rests with one of its edges on HP such that the base containing that edges makes an angle of 30 to HP and its axis is parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

Procedure 1. Draw the plan of the pentagonal prism of base side 30 mm and with its base edges is perpendicular to XY. 2. Draw the corresponding elevation of the prism of height 70 mm. 3. With base inclined at 30 to HP draw the final elevation of the prism. 4. From a1,b1,c1,d1,e1,11,21,31,41, & 51, drawn projectors which meets line parallel to XY drawn from a, b, c, d, e,1,2,3,4 & 5 at a1,b1,c1,d1,e1,11,21,31,41,& 51. 5. Join these points to get plan of the prism. 6. Here, since the point 3 & 4 are nearer to the XY line, the line passing through these two points are not visible. So draw these by dashed line type in the final plan. 3(b) A solid cylinder of diameter 60 mm and 80 mm axis length is lying on horizontal plane with its one of the circumferential line on HP and the axis makes 30 to VP. Draw the projections.

Procedure 1. Draw the front view of the cylinder, which is a circle of diameter 60 mm with one point of the circle on the HP. 2. Get the corresponding plan of height 80 mm. 3. Now tilt the plan of the cylinder such that the axis is inclined at 30 to the VP 4. Get corresponding final elevation by drawing projectors from all the plan points and lines from the first elevation 5. Here half of the base circle is not visible. So draw that portion by thick dashed line type and darken only the extreme generators.
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4(a) A solid cone of base diameter 60 mm and axis 80 mm long rests with its base on HP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 45 to HP and passing through a point on the axis 35 mm above the base. Draw the sectional top view and true shape of the section.

Procedure 1. Draw the plan and elevation of the full cone with the given data 2. Draw the cutting plane line in elevation inclined at 45 to XY meeting the axis at 35 mm from XY. Give notations for the cutting points with the generators. 3. Get the sectional plan, draw projectors from all the cutting points in the elevation and make it to intersect the corresponding generators in the plan. 4. Join all the points by free hand in proper sequence, which is the sectional plan and hatch it. 5. To get the true shape, first draw new reference line X1Y1 parallel and at a convenient distance away from the cutting plane line in the elevation. Then draw lines from the cutting points perpendicular to X1Y1 6. To mark the point 11 on the line perpendicular to X1Y1, set the distance of 1 from XY line in the plan and mark the same distance with respect to X1Y1 7. Follow the same step to get other points also 8. Join all the points in sequence by free hand, which is the true shape of the section and hatch it. Here the true shape is an ELLIPSE.

4(b) A solid cone of base 50 mm diameter and height of 65 mm rests with its base on HP. A section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 30 to HP bisects the axis of the cone. Draw the development of its lateral surface.

Procedure 1. Draw the projection of the cone and show the cutting plane line making 30 with XY and bisecting the axis 2. Give notations 1, 2, 3,.. for the various cutting points. Here it cuts all the generators. 3. To get full development draw radial line OA = true slant height oa. With O as centre OA as radius draw arc AA, <AOA = such that = r x R/360, where r= base circle radius and R = true slant height OA. 4. Divide the arc into as many number of equal parts as that of the base circle in the plan 5. Transfer the cutting points 1,2,3, ... to the corresponding edges on the oa in the elevation. On OA get 1 by setting O1=o1. Do the same for 7 points. 6. From 2,3,4, etc draw lines parallel to XY till they meet the oa at 21, 31 etc. Get 2, 3, 4, ... on OB, OC, OD,.. such that O2=o21, O3 = o31, O4 = o41 etc. 7. Join 1, 2, 3 .. in proper sequence by free hand to get the required development.

5(a) Draw the isometric projections of a cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis 80 mm long when it rests with its base on HP and on VP.

Procedure 1. Draw the plan of the cylinder and enclose it inside a box abcd 2. Draw the isometric view of the box abcd by considering the two 30 making isometric axis. Using four centre method construct the bottom base ellipse inside the box abcd 3. From a & c draw vertical lines and set height = 80 mm to get the top rhombus a1b1c1d1, corresponding to the top face. Using four cetntre method construct the top face of the a 1b1c1d1. 4. Since the top face is fully visible make it dark. In the bottom base only the front half is visible and make it dark. 5. Now draw the two extreme generators tangential to the top and bottom ellipse.

5(b) A square prism of side of base 40 mm and height 70 mm rests with its base on the ground such that one of its rectangular faces is parallel to and 10 mm behind the picture plane. The station point is 30 mm in-front of PP, 80 mm above the ground plane and lies in a central plane 45 mm to the right of the center of prism. Draw the perspective projection of the prism.

Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. Draw the plan with respect to the side view Mark the point S 30 mm infront of PP and draw lines from all the points of the prism to S Mark S which is 80 mm above GP and 45 mm to the right of CP. Join all the side view points with S. Since the points a, e, d & h lie on CP, in the plan, the perspective points also will lie on CP which are the intercepts of the line joining side view points with S on CP. 5. Then to get B, draw projector from the intercept of PP and draw a horizontal line from the intercept of CP, cutting each other at B. Follow the same to get other perspective points. 6. Join all the sequence showing visible and hidden edges.