Compiled Labs Normal Values

ELECTROLYTES SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its chief base.
It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.
Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L
http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_electrolyte.shtml
POTASSIUM - Potassium is the major intracellular cation. Very low value: Cardiac arrhythmia. Potassium, serum: 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L Potassium, urine: varies with diet
CHLORIDE - Elevated levels are related to acidosis as well as too much water crossing the cell membrane. Decreased levels with decreased serum albumin may indicate water deficiency crossing the cell membrane (edema). Chloride, CSF: 118-132 mEq/L (CSF = CerebroSpinal Fluid) Chloride, serum: 98-108 mEq/L Chloride, sweat: 0-35 mmol/L Chloride, urine: varies with diet
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - The CO2 level is related to the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs and is part of the bodies buffering system. Generally when used with the other electrolytes, it is a good indicator of acidosis and alkalinity. Normal Adult Range: 22-32 mEq/L Optimal Adult Reading: 27 Normal Childrens Range - 20 - 28 mEq/L Optimal Childrens Reading: 24
CALCIUM - involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat transfer muscular contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting and cardiac function. Regulated by parathyroid. Calcium, ionized: 4.4 - 5.1 mg/dL Calcium, serum: 8.4 - 10.2 mEq/dl Calcium, urine: 100 - 300 mg/24 h
PHOSPHORUS - Generally inverse with Calcium. Phosphorus, serum: 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL SODIUM/POTASSIUM Normal Adult Range: 26 - 38 (calculated) Optimal Adult Reading: 32
ANION GAP (Sodium + Potassium - CO2 + Chloride) - An increased measurement is associated with metabolic acidosis due to the overproduction of acids (a state of alkalinity is in effect). Decreased levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis due to the overproduction of alkaloids (a state of acidosis is in effect). Normal Adult Range: 7 - 16 mEq/L http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_electrolyte.shtml
CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS Ratio Normal Adult Range: 2.3 - 3.3 (calculated) Optimal Adult Reading: 2.8 Normal Childrens range: 1.3 - 3.3 (calculated) Optimal Childrens Reading: 2.3
LDL Cholesterol is considered "bad cholesterol" because High density lipoproteins (HDL) is desired as opposed to the cholesterol deposits form in the arteries when LDL levels are low density lipoproteins (LDL), two types of cholesterol. BLOOD (LIPID LAB VALUES) FATS high. An LDL level of less than 130 is recommended, 100 is Elevated cholesterol has been seen in artherosclerosis, optimal, values greater than 160 are considered high risk and diabetes, hypothyroidism and pregnancy. Low levels are should be followed up by your physician. Those who have seen in depression, malnutrition, liver insufficiency, established coronary or vascular disease may be instructed by malignancies, anemia and infection. their doctor to get their LDL Cholesterol well below 100.
Normal Adult Range: < 200 mg/dL Normal Adult Range: > 30 mg/dL
http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_blood_fats.shtml
Normal Adult Range: < 130 mg/dL CHOLESTEROL/LDL RATIO Normal Adult Range: 1 6 http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_blood_fats.shtml
Triglyceride is fat in the blood when elevated, has been associated with heart disease, especially if the triglycerides are over 500 mg. High triglycerides associated with pancreatitis. Increased levels may be present in artherosclerosis, hypothyroidism, liver disease, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, metabolic disorders, toxemia, and nephrotic syndrome. Decreased levels may be present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, brain infarction, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, and malabsorption. Normal Adult Range: 35 - 160 mg/dL
White Blood Count (WBC) is the number of white cells: High WBC can be a sign of infection. Low white CBC counts can be a sign of bone marrow diseases or an enlarged spleen. Low WBC is also found in HIV infection in some cases.
http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_complete_blood_c ount.shtml
Hemoglobin (Hgb) and Hematocrit (Hct): The hemoglobin is the amount of oxygen carrying protein contained within the red blood cells. The hematocrit is the percentage of the blood volume occupied by red blood cells. Low Hgb or Hct suggest an anemia. High Hgb can occur due to lung disease, living at high altitude, or excessive bone marrow production of blood cells.
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - This helps diagnose a cause of an anemia. Low values suggest iron deficiency, high values suggest either deficiencies of B12 or Folate, ineffective production in the bone marrow, or recent blood loss with replacement by newer (and larger) cells from the bone marrow.
Platelet Count (PLT): This is the number of cells that plug up holes in your blood vessels and prevent bleeding. High values can occur with bleeding, cigarette smoking or excess production by the bone marrow. Low values can occur from premature destruction states such as Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), acute blood loss, drug effects (such as heparin), infections with sepsis, entrapment of platelets in an enlarged spleen, or bone marrow failure from diseases such as myelofibrosis or leukemia.
http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_complete_blood_count.sh tml
The normal range for a fasting glucose is 70 - 110 mg/dL. According the the 1999 ADA criteria, diabetes is diagnosed with a *fasting* plasma glucose of 126 or more. A precursor, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) is defined as reading of fasting glucose levels of 110 - 125.
http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_glucose.shtml
Specific Gravity (SG): Most urine is around 1.010, but it can vary greatly depending on when you drank fluids URINALYSIS last, or if you are dehydrated. Glucose: Normally there is no glucose in urine. A positive glucose occurs in diabetes. Bilirubin: Normally there is no bilirubin or urobilinogen in the urine.
http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_urinalysis.shtml
Protein: Normally there is no protein detectable on a urinalysis strip. Protein can indicate kidney damage, blood in the urine, or an infection. Up to 10% of children can have protein in their urine. Leukocyte esterase: Normally negative. Leukocytes are the white blood cells (or pus cells). White blood cells in the urine suggests a urinary tract infection.
Leukocyte esterase: Normally negative. Leukocytes are the white blood cells (or pus cells). This looks for white blood cells by reacting with an enzyme in the white cells. White blood cells in the urine suggests a urinary tract infection. Sediment: Abnormal findings would include more than 0-2 red blood cells, more than 0-2 white blood cells, crystals, casts , renal tubular cells or bacteria.
Blood: Normally there is no blood in the urine. Blood can indicate an infection, kidney stones, trauma, or bleeding from a bladder or kidney tumor. The technician may indicate whether it is hemolyzed (dissolved blood) or non-hemolyzed (intact red blood cells). Rarely, muscle injury can cause myoglobin to appear in the urine which also causes the reagent pad to falsely indicate blood. Nitrate: Normally negative, this usually indicates a urinary tract infection.
Creatine Kinase aka Creatine Phosphokinase (CK) - Levels CK-MB CK isoenzyme - It begins to increase 6 to 10 hours VALUES rise 4 to 8 hours after an acute MI (Myocardial Infarction), CARDIAC LAB after an acute MI, peaks in 24 hours, and remains peaking at 16 to 30 hours and returning to baseline within 4 elevated for up to 72 hours. days. Creatine Kinase is muscle enzyme found in the heart Creatine Kinase-MB 0 - 5 U/L and muscles. Increased CK-MB is seen with heart muscle damage. Increased CK-MM is seen with skeletal muscle Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; also called SGPT)- It is a injury. Strenuous exercise, weight lifting, surgical liver enzyme and may increase when using cholesterolprocedures, high doses of aspirin and other medications lowering medications. can elevate CK. It also may increase when using cholesterolALT 5 50 U/L lowering medications. Creatine Kinase (male) 25 - 90 U/L http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_cardiac.shtml Creatine Kinase (female) 10 - 70 U/L
(LDH) Lactate dehydrogenase - Total LDH will begin to rise 2 to 5 days after an MI; the elevation can last 10 days. LDH is an enzyme released in the blood with cell injury. It is used as a late marker to detect a heart attack. It is also elevated with liver and kidney disease, pernicious and megaloblastic anemias, malignancy, progressive muscular dystrophy and pulmonary emboli. LDH 45 - 90 U/L Normally, the LDH-1 value will be less than the LDH-2. In the acute MI, however, the LDH 2 remains constant, while LDH 1 rises. When the LDH 1 is higher than LDH 2, the LDH is said to be flipped, which is highly suggestive of an MI. A flipped pattern appears 12-24 hours post MI and persists for 48 hours. LDH-1: 18 - 33 percent LDH-2: 28 - 40 percent
SGOT - Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase is an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGOT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGOT levels are elevated with liver damage (hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (heart attack). Also alled aspartate aminotransferase (AST). SGOT will begin to rise in 8-12 hours and peak in 18-30 hours. SGOT is a liver enzyme that is released into the bloodstream following injury or death of cells. Increased SGOT or AST is seen with liver disease, myocardial infarction (MI) and some medications. May increase when using cholesterol-lowering medications. SGOT aka AST 7 40 U/L
Myoglobin - early and sensitive diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the emergency department This small heme protein becomes abnormal within 1 to 2 hours of necrosis, peaks in 4-8 hours, and drops to normal in about 12 hours. Myoglobin is a protein found in certain types of muscle. Elevated myoglobin may indicate muscle injury or inflammation. Myoglobin, serum (male): 30 90 g/ml Myoglobin, serum (female): 30 90 g/ml
http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_cardiac.shtml
Troponin Complex - Peaks in 10-24 hours, begins to fall off after 1-2 weeks. Troponin T is a protein found in the blood and is related to contraction of the heart muscle. Troponin T is valuable for detecting heart muscle damage and risk. Tropinin I: < 0.0 - 0.10 g/mL Tropinin T: < 0.0 - 0.10 g/mL
http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_cardiac.shtml
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate -This test can be used to monitor inflammatory or cancerous diseases. An increased SED rate (ESR) may be due to anemia, kidney disease, osteomyelitis, pregnancy, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, syphilis, systemic lupus erythematosus, HEMATOLOGY thyroid disease, TB or other inflammatory conditions. A very high SED rate (ESR) may occur with giant cell arteritis, hyperfibrinogenemia (increased fibrinogen levels in the blood), multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia - primary, necrotizing vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica. Lower than normals levels may be due to CHF, hyperviscosity, hypofibrinogenemia (decreased fibrinogen levels), low plasma protein (due to liver or kidney disease), polycythemia or sickle cell anemia. ESR (male): 0 - 15 mm/hr ESR (female): 0 - 20 mm/hr
HEMATOCRIT (HCT)- The hematocrit refers to the 'percentage' of one's red blood cells.
(BLOOD) VALUES Normal Adult Female Range: 36 - 46 percent

Normal Adult Male Range 41 - 53 percent Normal Newborn Range: 49 - 61 percent
http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_hematology.shtml
HEMOGLOBIN (HGB) - Hemoglobin is a protein that is carried by red cells. It picks up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to the peripheral tissues to maintain the viability of cells. Normal Adult Female Range: 12.0 - 16.0 g/dL Normal Adult Male Range: 13.5 - 17.5 g/dL Normal Newborn Range: 14 - 20 g/dL
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) - Hemoglobin amount per red blood cell is the MCH. Normal Adult Range: 25.4 - 34.6 pg/cell Optimal Adult Reading: 30 MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) - Average red blood cell size is MCV. Normal Adult Range: 80 - 100 fl Optimal Adult Reading: 90 Higher ranges are found in newborns and infants
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) Hemoglobin concentration (hemoglobin amount relative to the size of the cell) per red blood cell. Normal Adult Range: 31 - 36 Hb/cell Optimal Adult Reading: 34 Hb/cell Higher ranges are found in newborns and infants
RBC - (Red Blood Cell Count aka Erythrocyte count) RBC count (female) 3.5 - 5.5 mill/mm3 RBC count (male) 4.3 - 5.9 mill/mm3 RBC volume (female) 19 - 31 mL/kg RBC volume (male) 20 - 36 mL/kg Lower ranges are found in Children, newborns and infants
WBC - (White Blood Cell Count aka Leukocyte count). Includes Basophils, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, B Cells, T Cells, Band Cells, Monocytes Normal Adult Range: 4,000 - 12,000/mm3 Higher ranges are found in children, newborns and infants.
PLATELET COUNT - aka Thrombocyte Count Normal Adult Range: 150,000 - 400,000/mm3 Higher ranges are found in children, newborns and infants NEUTROPHILS and NEUTROPHIL COUNT - (This is the main defender of the body against infection and antigens. High levels may indicate an active infection.) Normal Adult Range: 54 - 62 percent
LYMPHOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTE COUNT - (Elevated levels may indicate an active viral infections such as measles, rubella, chickenpox, or infectious mononucleosis.) Normal Adult Range: 25 - 33 percent EOSINOPHILS and EOSINOPHIL COUNT - (Elevated levels may indicate an allergic reactions or parasites.) Normal Adult Range: 1 - 3 percent
MONOCYTES and MONOCYTE COUNT - (Elevated levels are seen in tissue breakdown or chronic infections, carcinomas, leukemia 'monocytic' or lymphomas.) Normal Adult Range: 3 - 7 percent BASOPHILS and BASOPHIL COUNT - (Basophilic activity is not fully understood but it is known to carry histamine, heparin and serotonin. High levels are found in allergic reactions.) Normal Adult Range: 0 - 0.75 percent
AST (Aspartate transaminase) also called SGOT (Serum ALT (Alanine Transaminase) also called SGPT (Serum Glutamic Oxalocetic Transaminase) or ASAT (Aspartate Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) or or ALAT (Alanine Aminotransferase) .AST is an enzyme associated with liver Aminotransferase) is an enzyme present in hepatocytes cells found primarily in the liver, heart, kidney, pancreas (liver cells). Decreased ALT in combination with increased and muscles. It is seen in tissue damage, especially the cholesterol levels is seen in cases of a congested liver. We heart and liver. The lab values are raised in acute liver also see increased levels in mononucleosis, alcoholism, liver damage, but is also present in red blood cells, cardiac and damage, kidney infection, chemical pollutants or skeletal muscle. The ratio of AST to ALT can be useful in myocardial infarction. When a cell is damaged it leaks this differentiating between the causes of liver damage. enzyme into the blood where it can then be measured. ALT HEPATIC (LIVER) ENZYME VALUES Elevated AST levels are not 'specific' for liver damage rises dramatically in acute liver damage, such as viral because it can also be used as a cardiac marker. hepatitis or paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Normal Adult Range: 5 - 40 IU/L Normal Adult Range: 7 - 56 IU/L
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme in the cells lining the biliary ducts of the liver. It is used extensively as a tumor marker and is also present in bone injury, pregnancy, or skeletal growth with elevated readings. Low levels are sometimes found in hypoadrenia, protein deficiency, malnutrition and a number of vitamin deficiencies. ALP levels in plasma will rise when large bile duct obstruction is present or there is intrahepatic cholestasis or infiltrative diseases of the liver. ALP is also present in bone and placental tissue. Normal Adult Range: 30 - 120 IU/L
GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) Elevated levels may be found in liver disease, alcoholism, bile duct obstruction, cholangitis, drug abuse, and in some cases excessive magnesium ingestion. Decreased levels can be found in hypothyroidism, hypothalamic malfunction and low levels of magnesium. Normal Adult Range: 0 - 42 IU/L http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_hepatic.shtml
LDH (Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase) is an enzyme found in many body tissues, including the liver. Elevated levels of LDH may indicate liver damage. Increases are usually found in cellular death and/or leakage from the cell or in some cases it can be useful in confirming myocardial or pulmonary infarction (only in relation to other tests). Decreased levels of the enzyme may be seen in cases of malnutrition, hypoglycemia, adrenal exhaustion or low tissue or organ activity. Normal Adult Range: 45 - 90 U/L
TOTAL BILIRUBIN (TBIL) Elevated in liver disease, mononucleosis, hemolytic anemia, low levels of exposure to the sun, and toxic effects to some drugs, decreased levels are seen in people with an inefficient liver, excessive fat digestion, and possibly a diet low in nitrogen bearing foods. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme and heme is a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Bilirubin is taken up into hepatocytes, conjugated (modified to make it water-soluble), and secreted into the bile, which is then excreted into the intestine. Normal Adult Range 0.2 - 1.2 mg/dL
PROTEIN, TOTAL - Decreased levels may be due to poor nutrition, liver disease, malabsorption, diarrhea, or severe burns. Increased levels are seen in lupus, liver disease, chronic infections, alcoholism, leukemia, tuberculosis amongst many others. Normal Adult Range: 6.0 -8.5 g/dl http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_proteins.shtml
ALBUMIN - major constituent of serum protein (usually over 50%). High levels are seen in liver disease(rarely) , shock, dehydration, or multiple myeloma. Lower levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infection, liver disease, inadequate iron intake, third-degree burns and edemas or hypocalcemia Albumin, serum: 3.5 - 5.5 g/dL Albumin, urine: 10 - 100 mg/24 h http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_proteins.shtml
PROTEIN LAB VALUES
GLOBULIN - Globulins have many diverse functions such as, the carrier of some hormones, lipids, metals, and antibodies(IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE). Elevated levels are seen with chronic infections, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myelomas, and lupus are present, . Lower levels in immune compromised patients, poor dietary habits, malabsorption and liver or kidney disease. Globulin, serum: 2.3 - 3.5 g/dL Gamma globulin, CSF: 3 - 12 percent of total protein
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) - Increases can be caused by excessive protein intake, kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, exercise or heart failure. Decreased levels may be due to a poor diet, malabsorption, liver damage or low nitrogen intake. Normal Adult Range: 7 - 18 mg/d
http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_renal.shtml RENAL LAB VALUES
CREATININE - Low levels are sometimes seen in kidney damage, protein starvation, liver disease or pregnancy. Elevated levels are sometimes seen in kidney disease due to the kidneys job of excreting creatinine, muscle degeneration, and some drugs involved in impairment of kidney function. Creatinine, serum 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dl Creatinine, Urine (male) - 0.8 - 2.4 g/24 h Creatinine, Urine (female) - 0.6 - 1.8 g/24 h Creatinine clearance (male) - 97 - 137 mL/min Creatinine clearance (female) - 88 - 128 mL/min
URIC ACID - High levels are noted in gout, infections, kidney disease, alcoholism, high protein diets, and with toxemia in pregnancy. Low levels may be indicative of kidney disease, malabsorption, poor diet, liver damage or an overly acid kidney. Uric Acid, serum 3.0 - 8.2 mg/dL Uric Acid, urine - varies with diet
http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_renal.shtml
A TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormoone) Test is performed to assess the activity of the thyroid gland. It involves measuring the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood serum. Is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones. A change in the level of TSH in the blood may signify a malfunctioning of the thyroid gland. THYROXINE (T4) - Increased levels are found in hyperthyroidism, acute thyroiditis, and hepatitis. Low levels can be found in Cretinism, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, malnutrition, and chronic thyroiditis. Normal Adult Range: 4 - 11 mcg/dL
Thyroxine-Binding Globulation (T3-UPTAKE) - Increased levels are found in hyperthyroidism, severe liver disease, metastatic malignancy, and pulmonary insufficiency. Decreased levels are found in hypothyroidism, normal pregnancy, and hyperestrogenis status. Normal Adult Range: 10 - 26 mcg/dL
http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_thyroid.sht ml
THYROID LAB VALUES
FREE T4 INDEX (T7) Normal Adult Range: 0.8 1.8 ng/dL TRIIODOTHYRONINE - T3 TOTAL Normal Adult Range: 75 - 220 ng/dL
THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) - produced by the anterior pituitary gland, causes the release and distribution of stored thyroid hormones. When T4 and T3 are too high, TSH secretion decreases, when T4 and T3 are low, TSH secretion increases. Normal Adult Range: 0.5-5.0 miliIU/L
SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms. Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L

Compiled Labs Normal Values

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ELECTROLYTES SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its chief base.

(BLOOD) VALUES Normal Adult Female Range: 36 - 46 percent

PROTEIN LAB VALUES

http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_renal.shtml RENAL LAB VALUES

THYROID LAB VALUES

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