IntroductiontoPCBDesigningwithorCADv.9.

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orCADFamilyRelease9.2(byCadence)isacollectionofseveralCADsoftware. e.g.CaptureandCaptureCISforschematicdrawings Pspiseforsimulation LayoutPlusandLayoutEngineersEditionforPCBdesigning Here,weuseCaptureCISandLayoutPlusforourPCBdesigningpurposes.Herearethesteps; 1) Creatinganewprojectfortheschematicdrawing OpenCaptureCIS(i.e.notCapture)fromtheStartmenuandFile>New>Project GiveaProjectNameandselecttheLocationwhereyourprojecttobesaved. MakesureiftheradiobuttonPCBoardWizardisselectedbeforehitonOk.

SimplygoNext>Finish,ifaprojectsimulationmessageisdisplayed. 2) Beingfamiliar Iftheworkspace(awhitespacewithagridwiththedefaultnameSCHEMATIC1:PAGE1) isnotopenedautomatically,expandthetreeunderproject_name.dsn(i.e.my_pcb.dsn) fromyourprojectwindowthatisnormallyappearedintheleftcorner(perhapsproject windowmightbeminimizedintheleftbottomcorner).ThenclickonPAGE1. i.e.ObservethedifferenceoccurinthemenubarwhenthePAGE1isselectedandnot selected! IftheToolPaletteontherightsideofthewindowisnotvisibleclickonthewhitegrid space(i.e.yourpage).IftheToolPaletteisstillnotvisible,goView>Palette

 3) AddingLibrariesinordertoplacecomponents ClickonPlacePart(componentselecttoolfromtheToolPalette)andthenAddLibraries. Selectall(i.e.selectafileandthenpressCtrl+a)the.olbfilesin C>ProgramFiles>orCAD>Capture>LibraryandOpen. Inthesamemanneraddallthelibrariesin C>ProgramFiles>orCAD>Capture>Library>Pspice I.e.Librariesarewherethedetailsofthecomponents(i.e.diodes,resistors,etc)are written! 4) Placingcomponents Youwillsee,undereachlibrarydifferentcomponentsareavailable.Butitispretty confusabletopreciselyfindthelibrarythatcontainsthecomponentthatyouwantto pick.Examinethenamesofthelibrarieswell,andthenyoullfeelbitcomfort.However, itisthepracticetopickthecorrectonequickly!Wheneveryouselectacomponentfrom PartList,clickOK(orenterkey)andthenplaceitonyourworkspacebyleftclicking.A copyofthecomponentwillappear.Hittheescapekeyorrightclick>endmode. *Note:AlwaystrytoaddcomponentsthathavethePCBLayoutFootprint(i.e.seethe figure).Ifyouselectacomponentwhichdoesnothavethelayoutfootprint,youmay havetotypeitmanually(i.e.moreexplanationisahead).Thelayoutfootprintofa componentdescribesitsdimensions:pinwidth,pindistance,radiusofthecomponent, etc.

 *Hint:Tofindcomponentseasily Selectall(crtl+a)thelibrariesunderLibraries:inthePlacePartwindow.Then,under Part:type; Rforresistors,Cforcapacitors,R_varforvariableresistors,C_electfor electrolyticcaps,Lforinductor,Connforconnectors,LEDforLEDs, OrifyouwanttofindanICoraTransistortypeitsnameasLM741,etc. e.g.IfyoujusttypeR,youllgetaresistorthathasnolayoutfootprint.Then,justscroll downabit(hitarrowkey),youllsurelyfindaresistorthathasitslayoutfootprint. 5) EditingFootprints Gobacktotheworkspace. Selectallthecomponentsthatyouhaveplaced(dragthemousepointeroverthe workspacekeepingtheleftmousebuttonclickedselectingthearea).Pressctrl+eor rightclickandgotoEditProperties.

TypethefootprintunderPCBFootprintandclosethePropertyEditorwindow.Youkan findtherelevantfootprintsfromabook(downloadfrom http://orcadlayout.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/orcadlayou.pdf). Foranexample:IfyouwanttofindthefootprintforDB25parallelport,referthebook andyoullfinditasDSUB/RP.318/TM/25.Justtypeitinfrontoftherelevantpartunder thePCBFootprintcolumn.InthefigureshownbelowIhavetofindandtypethefoot printsforJ1connectorandQ1transistor.

6) Wiring ConnectthecomponentsusingthewiringtoolintheToolPalette.Toconnectfirstclick thewiringtool(i.e.mousepointerwillbechangedintoacross):thenclickonalittlebox appearinginterminalsofthecomponentandmachittoanotherlittlebox. Movethecomponentsasyouwish(i.e.thiscomponentarrangementwillnotbethat appearsinthefinalPCB).Connectallthewires.

7) CreatingtheNetlist

Clickonproject_name.dsn(i.e.heremy_pcb.dsn).ThengotoTools>CreateNetlistand selecttheLayouttab. UnderNetlistFile:,definethelocationwherethenetlististobesaveandclickok.Ifthe programaskstosavethedesignfile,clickok.Thenetlistwillbesavewiththeextension .MNL.Netlistissimplythepinconnectionsofyourcircuitdiagram(i.e.howthey connect). 8) Creatingthelayoutproject LoadLayoutPlus(i.e.notLayout)fromtheStartmenu.GotoFile>New.Select DEFAULT.TCHfilefromC:\ProgramFiles\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Dataandopen.Nowselect thenetlistfilesavedinstep7.Thesreafterselectthelacationwhereyouwanttosave yourPCBlayout.ThePCBlayoutwillbesavedasa.MAXfile.

Inactivating(fromthebutton)onlineDRCwouldbepreferableaswedonotbother aboutPCBdesignrules.IfDRCisnotturnedoff,placingcomponentsandroutingwill, perhapsgiveerrors.

9) Initializing GotoOption>SystemSettingsandsettheDisplayUnitasyouprefer.Thedefaultunitismils whichis1/1000inches. ThenmovetheDatumifyouwish.GotoTools>Dimensions>MoveDatumandclickonthe blackspace.Datumwillbemoved.

DrawtheoutlineofthePCBfromtheObstacleTool.Onthetopleftcornerthexy dimensions(fromthedatum)willbedisplayed.Drawasquare(byclickingtomakeavertex) andafterdrawingallthefoursidespresstheescapekey..Donotforgettoendthedrawing fromwhereyoubeginit.

10) Placingthecomponentsandrouting

GotoAuto>Place>Boardinordertoplacethecomponentsinsidetheboard(i.e.Thiscan bedonemanuallyaswell).Thenmovethecomponentsusingthecomponenttool.You shouldplacethecomponentsinsuchamannerthatitispossibletorouteandan arrangedmanner. ThengotoTools>Layer>SelectfromSpreadsheet.Thenclickonlayertypecolumn header.Theentirecolumnwillbeselected.Thenclickonthesecondcellthatisalready highlighted(bottomvs.layertype).ThenPressctrl+e(i.e.rightclick>properties).Clickon theradiobuttonUnusedRoutingandclickok.Thenclosethespreadsheet.Whatreally shouldhappenismakingalltheunnecessaryplanesdeactivatebecausehereweonly routeonthebottomlayer. GotoAuto>AutoRoute>Board.Ifthespaceisenoughandroutingtracewidthisnot veryhigh,routingshouldhappenproperly.

Note:UnroutinggotoAuto>Unroute>Board Note:Increasingthetrace/trackwidthBeforerouting,gotoTools>Nets>Selectfrom Spreadsheet.Cancelthemessageaskingtoselectthecriteria.ClickontheWidth columnandctrl+e.TypetheMin/Connection/Maxwidthandok.Closethespreadsheet andtrytoautoroute.

Note:StudytheToolsmenuandfindouttheuseoftheoptionsavailable.Thereyoukan makedrillholes,changefootprints,changepinconnections,etc.Alsoyoukandesign newfootprintsfromFile>LibraryManager(ctrl+i).(i.e.closelibrarymanagertogoback toyourworkspace). 11) Printingthelayout

Clickoneachcolourtab(exceptthebottomlayerandgloballayer,i.e.redandyellow) andpresstheminus()keyfromthekeyboard.(i.e.tounablepresstheminuskeyagain) GottoFile>Print/Plot(ctrl+p).YoukantickonKeepDrillHolesopenandForceBlack& Whiteandpressok.Thenselecttheprinterandprint.Toviewthepreviewselect MicrosoftXPSdocumetwriterorAdobePDFwriter.(i.e.Adobewillperhapschangethe actualsizeofthelayout).TakeacopytoMSWordandtakeaprintoutonatransparent sheetusingablack/whitelaserprinter.

12) Etching Keepthetransparentsheetonadryandwellcleaned(cleanusinganemerypaperand washwell)copperboardandheatwell(usingadomesticironthatisusedtoiron clothes)tillinktracksaretracedontothecopperboard.Keepatypingpaperonthe transparentsheetforsafety.Itllbetracedwithin520minutes.Howeveritsyourability totraceproperlyfromtheveryfirstattempt.Drawtheuntracedplacesusinga permanentmarker. . Dissolve Ferric Chloride(FeCl3 (S)) powder in water and put the copper board to etch. Timewillvaryfrom2mins1day(typically15mins)dependingontheconcentrationof ferric chloride. To increase the concentration of ferric chloride use slightly hot water (45oC) and add more powder. But it may harm the traces. After etching is completed clean the traces using turpentine liquid. Then drill holes using a PCB drill (manual or electrical). ferric chloride and a PCB drill could be bought from shops where electronic componentsaresold.Youaredone! Note:ThisnoteisforabeginnerofPCBdesigning.Therearemanyalternativesformost of the steps. Also ferric chloride method kan be considered as the easiest and most economical method of etching. Safety precautions and disposal of chemicals is also important.ItisallpracticetobecomeagoodPCBdesigner!GoodLuck!!
Prepared by: (28Dec09)Ransalu Senanayake Year 1 Student,{ B.Eng(Hons) Degree in Electronic Engineering Sheffield Hallam University(UK)}, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka.

Reference:forumwww.edaboard.com
[FormatofthedocumentisNOTintheIEEEstandard]