German Police Unit Marks, 1920-1937

The following tables list the base forms for police unit marks found in German Small Arms Markings From Authentic Sources by J. Goertz and D. Bryans, Walsworth Publishing Co., Marceline MO, USA, 1997. This book contains English translations of the actual regulations issued by the German authorities from the Imperial and Weimar eras, and is an invaluable source of information about the often obscure markings found on German weapons and equipment until 1937, when unit marking of materiel was officially discontinued. Unit marks were applied to many kinds of German military and police equipment during the Imperial and Weimar eras. A complete discussion of the interpretation of German unit marks is outside the scope of the information presented here, but they indicate which unit(s) the materiel were issued to. (For more information, consult The Imperial German Regimental Marking [Revised Edition] by Jeff Noll, P.O. Box 7184, Ventura, CA 93006, USA.) Knowing that, and having the history of the German military and police units, one can sometimes derive some information about where such materiel have been (e.g., which battles in WWI). Thus, unit marks give one some history about the items on which they are found. Unit marks normally take the form: [some letters] . [letters or number] . [letters or number] . [number] The first set of letters on the line indicate the military or police unit that the item was issued to. There are many possible combinations of letters and numbers, and the information presented here addresses just those pertaining to German police units in the Weimar and early Nazi era. The last numbers on the line indicate the item number of the item that was issued to a unit; e.g., the 351st P08 pistol issued to the Schutzpolizei of Stettin. As always, I'm not responsible for any inaccuracies in the data, just for the transcription. Please report any errors to me.

I. German Police Forces during the Weimar Era

[This information is lifted almost verbatim from Weimar and Early Nazi Lugers and their Accessories, by Jan C. Still, printed by Walsworth Publishing Co., Marceline, MO 64658 USA.] The IMKK, Inter-Alliierte Militaer-Kontroll-Kommission (Inter-Allied Military Control Commission), was established to enforce the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles on German soil. It worked through various subcommissions and left Germany during January 1927. The Treaty of Versailles (through the IMKK) restricted the size of Weimar police forces to their 1914 level, namely 150,000 men. Police arms had a similar restriction. The German state depended on the stabilizing influence of its police during the violence and disorder of the Weimar period and evaded restrictions placed on them. The military character and arms of this police force were a source of comflict with the IMKK, who feared that an expanded police force would become a ready reserve for the German Army. A 1925 dated report of the IMKK notes noncompliance and violations of the Treaty of Versailles by the German police. It cites that the German police exceeded the limit of 150,000 by 30,000 men and that the Schutzpolizei had a military character.

During the Weimar Era, German police power remained decentralized. It was centered in the federal states of Prussia, Bavaria, Baden, Wuerttemberg, Hesse, Saxony, and others. These consisted of the following city and rural police groups:

Schutzmannschaft: old Imperial Royal police, unable to control civil disobedience early in the Weimar Era. Sicherheitspolizei: created by the Prussian government in 1919 to control civil violence and disorder. Banned by the IMKK because of its military character and dissolved on October 6, 1920. Along with the Schutzmannschaft it was reformed into the Schutzpolizei during the early 1920's. Schutzpolizei: large city police and riot squads. By 1932 it consisted of 92,306 men, of which 54,921 were Prussian. Landjaegerei / Gendarmerie: rural police. By 1932 it consisted of 16,532 men, of which 8,929 were Prussian. Kommunalpolizei / Gemeindepolizei: independent small city police. By 1932 it consisted of 18,876 men, of which 15,000 were Prussian. Kriminalpolizei: detective police force. In 1932 it consisted of 10,856 men.

The Einwohnerwehr was a paramilitary police force formed by an order of the Prussian Ministry of the Interior dated April 15, 1919, to allow citizens to protect themselves from looters, armed gangs, and revolutionaries. It was subject to the command of the local Reichswehr regiments which supplied its guns. This was forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles, and after repeated demands by the IMKK, on June 29, 1921, the Berlin government dissolved the Einwohnerwehr. The Einwohnerwehr had a membership of hundreds of thousands and was formed mostly from former servicemen. Many of its members (for example Captain Ernst Roehm, future head of the SA [Sturmabteilung, a.k.a. the Brown Shirts]) eventually joined the Nazi Party.

II. Bavarian Police Defense Force (Polizeiwehr Bayern), 1920

The base forms of the unit marks for this police force are contained in regulations issued in 1920, and are shown in the following table. Bavarian Police Unit Marks, 1920 Meaning Polizeiwehr Bayern (Bavarian Police Defense Force) Aviation units Staff Staff Automobile units Communications units Arsenals Patrol units Technical centuria Detatchment identifiers Centuria identifiers

Mark Pw.B. Fl. Gr. J. K. N. P. St. T. Roman numerals Arabic numerals

For example, Pw.B. 2 St 16 - item 16 of the 2nd patrol unit.

III. Prussian Police (Schutzpolizei), 1922

The base forms of the unit marks for this police force are contained in regulations issued in 1922, and are shown in the following table. Prussian Police (Schutzpolizei) Unit Marks, 1922 Mark Meaning Roman numerals Arabic numerals S.A. S.Al. S.Ar. S.Br. S.C. S.D. S.E. S.F. S.G. S.H. S.Hi. S.K. S.Kg. S.L. S.Li. S.M. S.Ma. S.Me. S.Mg. S.Mi. S.O. S.P. S.S. S.Sch. S.Sd. S.St. Identification of individual units or independent centuria within an administrative district Enumeration of centuria, or factory numbers, or property numbers Aurich district Allenstein district Arnsberg district Breslau district Kassel district Duesseldorf district Erfurt district Frankfurt/Oder district Gumbinnen district Hannover district Hildesheim district Koeslin district Keonigsberg district Lueneburg district Liegnitz district Muenster district Marienwerder district Merseburg district Magdeburg district Minden district Osnabrueck district Potsdam district Schneidemuhl district Schleswig district Stralsund district Stettin district

S.Sta. S.W. Mark S.An. S.Koe. S.Wi. Mark H.Ps. P.B. P.Bg. P.H. P.He. P.N. P.O. P.P. P.S. P.Sch. P.W. Ps.L. Mark L.B. L.Bg. L.H. L.He. L.N. L.O. L.P. L.S. L.Sch. L.W. For example,

Stade district Wiesbaden district Occupied Rheinland areas, 1922 Meaning Aachen district Koeln district Wiesbaden district Police schools, 1922 Meaning Senior service police academy, Potsdam Berlin police school Brandenburg police school Hannover police school Hessen-Nassau police school Niederschlesien police school Ostpreussen police school Pommern police school Sachsen police school Schlesiwg-Holstein police school Westfalen police school School for physical training Air surveillance departments, 1922 Meaning Berlin Brendenburg Hannover Hessen-Nassau Niederschlesien Ostpreussen Pommern Sachsen Schleswig-Holstein Westfalen

S.Al.II 1. 12 - item 12 of the first centuria within command II in the Allenstein district. Markings used in Berlin, 1922 Meaning

Mark

P.N.B. S.B.B. S.B.M. S.B.O. S.B.S. S.B.So. S.B.W. For example,

Berlin police communications section Berlin mounted police section Berlin Mitte (Middle) police group Berlin Ost (East) police group Berlin Sued (South) police group Berlin Suedost (Southest) police group Berlin West police group

S.B.Ko. Berlin Command of maintenance/supply section S.B.No. Berlin Nord (North) police group

S.B.S.I 1.7 - item 7 in the 1st Centuria within command I of the South Berlin police group. Note: Air surveillance departments controlled by the provincial presidents were stamped like the police schools, but with an "L" instead of "P".

IV. Bavarian State Police (Landespolizei), 1930

The base forms of the unit marks for this police force are contained in regulations issued in 1930, and are shown in the following table. Bavarian State Police Unit Marks, 1930 Mark Meaning A Augsbug [sic] B E F H K L Lu M N R Sp W Z Bamberg Eichstaett Fuerstenfeldbruck Hof Kaiserslautern Lindau Ludwigshafen Muenchen Nuernberg-Fuerth Regensburg Speyer Wuertzburg Zweibruecken

Wi.M. Wirtschaftsamt Muenchen (Munich procurement office) Wi.N. Wirtschaftsamt Nuernberg (Nuremberg procurement office) Fl.S. Flugueberwachung Bayern-Sued (South Bavarian

avaiation supervision) Fl.N. Flugueberwachung Bayern-Nord (North Bavarian aviation supervision) I. 1. N N.A. Abschnitt I (Section I) 1. Hundertschaft (first centuria) Nachrichtentechniche Abteilung (communications section) Ausbildungsstaffel der Nachr. -techn. Abtlg. (communications training section)

N.Ba. Baustaffel der Nachr. -techn. Abtlg. (communications maintenance squadron) K K.S. 1 P.R. b For example, M.5. - Kommando Muenchen, staff, gun 5 N.b.5. - Kommando Nuernberg-Fuerth, berittene Abteilung, gun 5 W.K.S.5. - Kommando Wuertzburg, Kraftfahr-Sonderabteilung, Sonderwagen-Staffel, gun 5 Kraftfahrabteilung (motor transport seciont) Sonderwagenstaffel der Kraftfahrabteilung (armored vehicle squadron) 1. Lehrabteiling (1st training section) Polizei-Reitschule (police equestrian school) berittene Abteilung (mounted section)

V. Prussian Police (Schutzpolizei), 1932

The base forms of the unit marks for this police force were ammended in regulations issued in 1932, and are shown in the following table. Prussian Police, 1932 Mark K. L. S. A. Al. An. Ar. B. Br. D. Meaning Assigned to Kriminalpolizei (detective force) Assigned to Landjaegerei (rural constabulary) Assigned to Schutzpolizei (municipal police) Aurich district Allenstein district Aachen district Arnsberg district Berlin police administration Breslau district Duesseldorf district

E. F. G. H. Hi. K. Ka. Kg. Koe. Kz. Lg. Li. M. Me. Mg. Mi. O. Op. P. S. Sch. Sd. Si. St. Sta. T. W. Wpr. HP. LS.Al. LST. PB. PBd. PBg. PFr. PHi. PK. Pl.

Erfurt district Frenkfurt (Oder) district Gumbinnen district Hannover district Hildesheim district Koeslin district Kassel district Koenigsberg district Koeln district Koblenz district Lueneburg district Liegnitz district Muenster district Merseburg district Magdeburg district Minden district Osnabrueck district Oppeln district Potsdam district Schneidemuhl district Schleswig district Stralsund district Sigmaringen district Stettin district Stade district Trier district Wiesbaden district Westpreussen district Senior Service police academy Allenstein Landjaegerei school Trier police school Bonn police school Brendenburg a.d. Havel police school Burg police school Frankenstein police school Hildesheim police school Kiel police school Police School for physical education

PI. PM. PMd. PS. PT. PTV. Rh.P. For example,

Police institude Muenster police school Hannoeversch-Muenden police school Sensburg police school Treptow a.d. Rega police school Police institute for technology and transport Rheinpolizei

S.Br.I.365 - Schutzpolizei of Breslau, first precinct, item 365 LS.Al.13 - item 13 of the Landjaegerei school in Allenstein K.B.526 - item 526 of the Kriminalpolizei of Berlin

VI. Einwohnerwehr Bayern

In a typical attempt to demonstrate its political autonomy, the federal state of Bavaria had the small arms issued to its members of the Einwohnerwehr marked E W B on pistol grips and rifle butts. This was naturally discontinued with the dissolution of the Einwohnerwehr in 1921. Back to Bryan's home page