ENERGY Indian energy sector has witnessed a rapid growth to meet the demands of the nation.

Areas like the resource exploration and exploitation, capacity additions, and energy sector reforms have been revolutionized. However, resource augmentation and growth in energy supply have failed to meet the ever-increasing demands exerted by the multiplying population, rapid urbanization and progressing economy. Hence, serious energy shortages continue to plague India, forcing it to rely heavily on imports. Energy Sectors Renewable Energy Solar Wind Small Hydro Biomass Geothermal Waste to Energy Other New Technologies

Petroleum & Natural Gas Coal Power Thermal Hydro Nuclear Transmission & Distribution

Distributed Generation Energy Efficiency and Conservation Residential Agriculture Rural / Community Transportation

Renewable Energy The renewable energy programme was initiated in the country formally after the setting up of the CASE (Commission on Additional Sources of

Energy) in 1981, and the DNES (Department of Non conventional Energy Sources) in 1982. State nodal agencies were established in several states to co-ordinate, implement, and facilitate renewable energy programmes. A unique institutional innovation has been the setting up of the IREDA (Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency) in 1987 to finance renewable energy projects. MNES (Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources) was formed in 1992 to provide further impetus to renewable energy development and utilization in the country. Solar energy Solar energy technologies consists of Solar thermal technologies, which utilize sun's thermal energy. Solar photovoltaic technology, which convert solar energy directly in to electricity. Solar thermal technologies Solar thermal technologies can be used for both, supplying thermal energy as well as for generating electricity. Applications of solar thermal technologies include Solar water and space heating, Solar process heating for industrial applications, Solar drying, Solar refrigeration and air conditioning, Solar cooking, Solar passive architecture, Solar water desalination and water purification, and Solar thermal power generation.

Petroleum & Natural Gas The oil industry can be divided into three major components: Upstream, midstream and downstream Upstream Industry - Exploration and production activities. Also called as E&P sector. Midstream Industry It processes, stores, markets and transports commodities including crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids (NGLs) like ethane propane and butane and sulfur. Downstream industry - includes oil refineries, petrochemical plants, petroleum products distributors, retail outlets and natural gas distribution companies.

The downstream industry provides consumers thousands of products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, asphalt, lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers, antifreeze, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, natural gas and propane. Global oil & gas scenario Nearly 60% of the total primary energy consumption the world over is accounted by oil and gas. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) holds about two-thirds of the world's oil reserves. Onshore and offshore oil and gas fields in India Onshore fields for crude oil are in Assam/Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu/ Andhra Pradesh. OIL and ONGC comes here into picture. Offshore production occurs at Bombay High run by ONGC and Private/Joint Venture companies.