Photo by: M.

Gailey

Eco-librium Englishbee, Natalie Fender, Milagro Gailey, Megan Lee, Eric Woolverton, Brittani

11/20/13 ENC3250.792F13 Prepared for Dr. Francis Tobienne, Jr. University of South Florida St. Pete 140 7th Ave. South St. Petersburg, FL 33701

Table of Contents
Executive Summary Introduction Issues to be solved What is the Green Movement What efforts has USF already made o Completed USF LEED Projects o Completed USF Energy Conservation Projects How are other universities developing their Green Movement Green Report Card Interview with Shawna Neckar Student Survey of USF Going Green Conclusion Glossary of Terms Annotated Bibliography Works Cited 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 10 12 13 14 18 20 22 26

Executive Summary:
Out of all the possible environmental changes that have occurred over the world, one has probably noticed that the green movement has picked up speed in the last several years; but if you're like many of the general public, you may not know what is really behind it. Of course there is the common misconception of young adults gathering around trees in the woods, barricading them, to keep logging companies from destroying forest. However, it goes so much further now, with businesses and even universities, using the movement as a way to boost public perception. In our domain today, there are many issues revolving around our environment. Problems such as global warming, climate and environmental degradation, and pollution of all sorts are apparent in todays world. All of these issues could prove to be very detrimental to our living habitat, as well as hurtful towards our inhabitants, if not controlled, and soon. Nevertheless, there are still various improvements being made from this green movement, which will help to preserve our environment. The University of South Florida, like many other universities around the globe, has already begun its efforts in becoming environmentally friendly. One of the many ways USF has begun this process is by having new LEED certified buildings, teaching environmental curriculum, moving towards paperless classrooms, and much more. But these efforts are nowhere near complete, and can span across all of the campuses within the USF system with some effort. According to the Princeton Review, which is rating the green colleges for 2014, USF was among the top 22 schools to receive the highest grade, which was a 99. This review has been going on for six years now and rates colleges on how environmentally friendly the school is

based on the scores from 60 to 99. They base these scores on things the school may be doing such as mass transit programs, local housing, established student committees dedicated to sustainability, whether LEED buildings are being built, whether there is a full-time sustainability officer or someone equivalent, as well as many others. So USF is on the right path and we will be addressing ways the school has gone about going green.

Introduction:
Going green is a process that is proving to be very beneficial, in that being environmentally friendly has shown to provide many positive effects. This process requires many attributes; therefore, since USF is in the process of going green, it is very significant to research what can still be done to improve their stance, as well as how and when the process started, and what the ultimate goal of going green is for the University. The phrase going green, has numerous meanings. One of the definitions of going green is, to make decisions based on what is best for the environment, or the least detrimental choice. On the individual or even group scale, this includes lowering your carbon footprint, which is defined as your individual impact on the environment/how much energy you consume based on your activities. Another concern of going green is to be less harmful towards the population, and global warming. Some ways of going green are using technology to lessen paper usage, and recycling. In this white paper we will discuss many resources relating to the subject of going green. Beginning this process is becoming more and more common around the United States. Even schools, such as USF, are starting to participate in this environmentally friendly movement. In order to understand why USF would want to go green, what the university has accomplished so

far, as well as what the university can do, we must first focus our research on the movement itself. This paper outlines the steps USF has already taken, such as the development of LEED certified buildings, on campus recycling, the move away from Styrofoam, and the move towards paperless curriculum. This paper also takes a look at what other universities are doing around the globe, to help determine the next step in USF going green. In this white paper we have included a survey of some of the students, to see where they stand on the matter, as well as an interview with a USF official, to hear from the source, what has been done, and what are the future plans.

Issues to be Solved:
As previously mentioned, there are innumerable issues that need to be fixed in todays world. Due to the fact that our environment is everything surrounding us, it can be considered to be a very important aspect to be conserved. Some of the more significant problems that need assistance are climate and environmental degradation. Degradation can be defined as, a decrease in quality and quantity of natural resources that is directly or indirectly caused by humans. Environmental degradation pertains to anything in our atmosphere. For instance, matters such as land, soil, water, and air are affected by environmental degradation. One way these resources are affected negatively is by pollution, which is created by humans in many different methods. Pollution in the air, for one, can be caused from all the industrial farming, especially in larger cities. These industrial plants produce toxins such as nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and potentially dangerous organic compounds. Industrial plants that release these toxins in the air are an issue because they can be threatening to our atmosphere, as well as its inhabitants. Also being affected by pollution is our water supply. Waste being dumped in increasing areas of water is one of the major issues. Similarly, increasing

amounts of fertilizer and pesticides washing into bodies of water create dead zones, where nothing can grow or live. As far as the degradation of soil goes, the main concern is that our worlds top layer of soil that is used for agriculture is ruined by pesticides and fertilizers as well. Research shows that to replenish the nutrients the original, natural soil had, it will be quite a challenge, and take many years. Climate change is another problem that is increasingly getting worse. Research states that a change in climate can also relate to the amount of freshwater, soil, and land degradation our world can obtain in the future. Another possible risk of the climate changing is that it will create a greater risk of conflicts over threatened resources. Global warming is also a major issue concerning climate change.

What is the Green Movement?

The Green movement has changed quite a bit since it first originated, as expected with the change in the human thought process. As the quality of life for humans has changed it only makes sense that we as a global population begin to find ways to improve. On the large scale the United States is actually one of the last to join in, with countries, such as Australia leading the way. Throughout history the human thought has not put much importance on the environment, at least not continuously. Policy makers have not always looked at the environment as a winning topic, but that is changing. It is the efforts occurring now, and in the future, that will take Going Green from a trend, to a real movement, and like many movements for change, it starts with younger generations, for example college age individuals, which explains why universities such as USF would be getting in on the action.

What efforts has USF already made?

USF is striving to become one of the top schools in the country, in order to reach that goal, the University is moving towards becoming environmentally friendly. On the surface it looks as though the University has started small, with items such as the blue recycling containers that fill the campuses, but they have gone so far as to build green, with Saint Petersburgs STG building. Even with these efforts, USF is striving for more, with projects such as, the new Patel Center at the Tampa campus which is the first building to harvest rainwater that is then used for the toilet and urinal flushing. Also, the bulls that are located in front of the Marshall center stand on reused water that comes from the HVAC system. So not only is USF working to make the water area greener, it doesnt stop the re, they are building green. Buildings are being made with high efficiency glass and the roofs are being highly insulated and adding solar panels. When demolition and construction goes on, the materials are recycled and are being used in other projects; renewable materials in general are being used much more on campus. In 2007 USF Sustainability Partners created a group composed of faculty, staff, and students in order to discuss sustainability issues on the USF campus. Discussion topics for this group included LEED certified buildings, adding awareness buildings on campus, having course curriculums designed to, not use as much paper, for example by having documents put online. LEED stands for Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, these buildings conserve energy, water, and other resources, they lower operating costs and increase asset value, and they are also healthier and safer for those in the buildings. The Patel Center and Student Technology Center are examples of LEED certified buildings. LEED certified buildings can reduce water and energy bills by at least 40%, and they cost less to operate in general. These buildings improve the quality of the air inside them and are

being environmentally friendly at the same time. When optimal operations are established in the building one is able to measure the continuous performance of the building, which ensures yearly saving of energy, water, money as well as other critical resources. These buildings are an investment that will last a lifetime, increase property value, and ensure a lifetime of returns. USF holds many events or projects to encourage going green on the campus and at home as well. In April 2008, USF played a part in Going Green Tampa Bay, that showcased events going on at the various colleges throughout the Tampa campus, followed by a Green Expo held in the USF Sundome. This event will broadcast speakers, vendors, workshops, and more, all are sharing the same message of alternative ways to go green. Then in November 2010, there was a special group project going on in Maple B resident hall at the Tampa campus. These students entered the world of composting. Composting is the decomposition of organic material that can then be re-used as fertilizer. This can be considered recycling; the students were reducing waste and in turn using the finished product to help other plants grow. Above are great examples of how USF has already started to go green. In 2010, Christian Wells, director of the office of sustainability, was looking for ways to reduce cost; he began with the area of foodservice. With the help of Jenna Burns, marketing manager, they eliminated Styrofoam take out containers for a newer more green option, Eco-Takeouts. This requires students to pay a $4.00 deposit, which they did not mind. Not only are using these Eco-Takeouts more environmentally friendly, but it was calculated that USF dining services would be saving at least $6000 per year by using these versus Styrofoam containers.

Completed USF LEED Projects

Project Dr. Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solutions Interdisciplinary Science Building Center For Advanced Medical Learning and Simulation USF Health Morsani 5th and 6th Floor Completion Date January 2011 July 2011 March 2012 March 2013 Certification Level LEED NC Gold LEED NC Gold LEED NC Silver LEED CI Certified Sq. Ft. 74,788 238,500 86,000 71,814

Completed USF Energy Conservation Projects

Project Completion Date Jun 2012 Aug 2012 Jun 2012 Aug 2012 Annual Saving (kWh) 34,066 29,200 139,564 40,080 Annual Savings ($) 3,747 3,212 15,352 4,408

USF Solar Initiatives - Marshall Center & Amphitheatre Roof Solar Carport at Engineering Central Plant Efficient Lighting Retrofit Cypress Hall Lighting

Brief Description of Completed Energy Conservation Projects

Marshall Center & Amphitheatre Roof Solar installations that contribute to USFs renewable energy goals and help reduce USFs carbon footprint. Solar Carport at Engineering In 1995, USF was the first to install a 20kWh solar charging station in the U.S. The system has been in need of repair and was not connected to the grid. With this funding, new solar panels, inverters, golf cart charging station and real time monitoring

systems were installed. This project reduces USF GHG emissions through renewable energy technologies. Solar Umbrella at Championship Choice This unique umbrella harnesses solar power to charge portable devices. Students, visitors and staff can charge their cell phones or laptops while enjoying their lunch. Designed to withstand Floridas weather, this project aides in raising educational awareness of sustainability at USF. Central Plant Efficient Lighting Retrofit USF Physical Plant replaced the Mercury Vapor lamps in the Central Utilities Plant with much more efficient induction lighting fixtures. This energy reduction project has made a significant difference in the overall energy costs for the plant. Not only have the costs decreased, but the safety of the operators of the plant has increased. Cypress Hall Lighting Photocell sensors controls were installed at 174 light fixtures, that now operate based on need.

How are other universities developing their green movement?

Some universities initiate their efforts toward going green by launching campus -wide recycling bins, usually in convenient areas, such as dining halls, libraries and residence halls. This leads to policies that authorize the use of recycled resources for just about anything, be it recycled plastic for pens and covers or recycled paper for napkins. Many campuses eventually establish their own depositories for their recycled materials and provide projects and proposals, with support of the universitys environmentalists, to further alter the campuss image toward an eco -friendly display. Polyfiber, mostly made up of plastic and synthetic material, can be reconstructed into just about anything. Carpets for hallways and office rooms are self-sufficient and even cubicle walls are attainable. Modern architects and

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decor specialist can not only pursue new, innovative schemes that not only promote going green, but can now have an abundance of materials for provisions. The University of Texas at Arlington has made strides, in regards to, encouraging environmental stewardship. Allocated funds secured efforts of sustainability and enriched the UT Arlington campus with high performance green buildings. UT Arlington had intentions in 2008 to establish LEED-certified buildings. To this date, UT Arlington possesses 3 LEED recognized sites: U.S. Green Building Council, Engineering Research Building, and The Green at College Park. The University of Michigan, also, has high hopes for the future of their energy consumption and environmental sustainability. In 2011, President Mary Sue Coleman made it clear to the public that university will embark on a $98 million commitment to reach their goals. She was an advocate for a 2-year study that entailed hybrid cars, solar panels, and the reduction of gas emissions and waste to at least a fourth of the 2011 output. As of today, they are and plan to be LEED recognized for their energy efficient buildings: LEED Gold for the Dana Building, LEED Silver for the Ross School, and also pursuing recognition for their law school, Robert B. Aikens building. They also plan to have their renovated Crisler Arena and Mott Childrens Hospital LEED commended.

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Green Report Card

Listed, in the chart above, are the 2011 comparative advantages and disadvantages of three green universities, including the University of South Florida, University of Texa sArlington, and the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. It breaks down each school to 9 subcategories and an overall grade is an average of their individual scores. USF is considered a frontrunner, according to the chart and has predominantly As in the listed sub-categories. UMAA is behind USF with a mixture of As and Bs and lacking student involvement with sub score of C. UTA has the lowest overall score with a C. It has no As and the sub-scores is made up of Bs and Cs. Although each school has its weak points, they all lack in the subcategory of Shareholder Engagement. Influence from the shareholders is little to none, though funds are being contributed. A rise in this sub-category could lead to more provisions and funding toward the green movements in all three universities.

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Interview with Shawna Neck, Sustainability Program Coordinator Questions

1. All things being equally as far building square footage, what is the energy consumption difference between the new building and a non-energy efficient building? 2. If two buildings were to be built today, one being energy efficient and the other what one would call old standards, and the labor cost to build each was the same, how much more would it cost to build an energy efficient building? 3. We did a small survey of students and we were surprised to find out some of them are not fully aware of USFs Going Green program. What is your program to communicate to these students on how they can support USF efforts on Going Green?

Answers
USF LEED buildings (on average) are a minimum of 14% more efficient and are averaging at 24% -28% more efficient

It does not cost more to build an energy efficient building. Energy Efficiency is dictated by the Florida Energy Code. USF complies with all Florida Building Codes

In general we encourage and promote USF as going green and being sustain-a-bull. One of the Office of Sustainability largest outreach is for awareness of the Student Green Energy Fund (SGEF) that the Office administers. http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-ofsustainability/green-energy-fund/ We promote the SGEF as well of all our Office initiatives at campus and community events throughout the year. Our initiatives include Arbor Day and Earth Day events, K-12 outreach, supporting USF student environmental clubs and groups and much more. Please take a look through our website newsfeed for information Small actions can lead to big change. Often times the environmental preferable choice also makes good financial sense. For example, reuse your plastic water bottle. USF has over 100 refillable water stations. It saves you money and takes the bottles out of the waste stream. Also utilize the Smart Bull Bikes bike share program once launched to get around campus. Students expend much time and fuel locating parking on campus. Use GPS enabled bikes to cut down on vehicle emissions and enjoy some exercise.

4. If you were to give one message to students about Going Green what would that message be?

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Student Survey of USF Going Green:

A random survey was conducted of students currently attending USF to determine their awareness of USFs Going Green. Fifty-six percent (56%) of the students surveyed attend USF full time while 44% are part-time students. Fifty percent (50%) of the students attend both day and evening classes, 31% only days and 19% evening only. The age range of students interviewed was from 18 to over 45 with 38% of the students being between 23 and 30 years of age, 25% were between 18 and 22 years of age, 25% were 45 years or older and 13% between 41 and 45 years of age

USF Students Status

USF Students Age Group The survey also indicates that classrooms are too cold (87.5% of the students), that there should be more recycling bin and some added for paper recycling, bathrooms should be upgraded, less printing of classroom material. It is worth mentioning that both of these were mentioned by the older students surveyed, and that there should be a higher awareness program to students about USF Going Green.

USF Students Attendance

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The results of the survey indicate that 56% of the students surveyed are aware of USFs program of Going Green and they feel Going Green is being environmenta lly friendly, saving our natural resources, and saving water and recycling. Interestingly enough, 25% of those interviewed, were not aware of USFs program on Going Green and 19% had an idea but were not sure. The examples they gave of USF Going Green were the recycling bins around campus and the refilling water bottle stations

Students awareness of USF programs of Going Green

When students were asked What does Going Green mean to them, the following answers were given: Age Interpretation of Going Green Total 18-22 Being environmentally friendly Saving trees and natural resources Saving water Using less fossil fuels and harvesting suns energy Help on a world level to reverse global warming Reducing our environmental thumbprint by reducing consumption of disposable goods and recycling 8 6 4 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 23-30 3 2 1 0 0 1 41-45 2 1 1 1 0 0 +45 1 3 1 0 1 0

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When these students surveyed were asked to give examples of USF going green, the most common things students noticed at USF were: Age Examples of USF Going Green Total 18-22 Recycling bins around campus Refilling water bottles USF buses using forms of energy such as biofuel LEED building 7 6 1 1 1 3 0 1 23-30 2 2 0 0 41-45 1 1 0 0 +45 3 0 1 0

The question What can USF do to improve their Going Green program was posed to students to identify actions USF can take to improve their Going Green program and the following answers were provided: Age What can USF do to improve their Going Green program Total 18-22 23-30 41-45 +45

Update bathrooms Less printing of classroom material More plastic and aluminum recycling bins More awareness programs Add bins for paper recycling More charging stations for electric cars

7 6 6 5 3 1

0 0 2 2 0 0

1 1 3 1 1 0

2 2 0 1 0 0

4 3 1 1 2 1

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What can USF do to improve their Going Green program Use of more solar energy Encourage students to come up with green ideas Future use of e-books and require/provide tablets at enrollment Use more recycled materials in campus Compensate and help students patent ideas More bicycle and moped parking

Age Total 18-22 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 23-30 0 0 1 0 0 0 41-45 1 1 0 0 1 0 +45 0 0 0 0 0 1

Classroom Temperature
100 80 60 40 20 0

88

Percentage

0
Cold Hot

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OK

The survey indicates that just over 50% of the students are aware of USFs Going Green program. Such things as higher awareness to all students, regardless of age, but more so to those students who attend evening and both day and evening classes should be done. USF should look into better control of classroom temperature since most students felt the classrooms are too cold.

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Conclusion:
Going green is becoming very popular worldwide; to those at the University of South Florida it is very important. USF is one of the highest-ranking colleges in the nation that is environmentally friendly. Although a few other universities, schools, and other organizations are making more efforts to go green, USF is one of the universities taking charge towards a greener future. The school is now promoting recycling and using recycled materials, using less Styrofoam and paper in the classrooms, as well as so much more. A few LEED buildings have been built on USF campuses; this is guaranteeing a lifetime of returns for the college. These buildings are very beneficial for the university. Not only do they conserve water, energy, and other resources, but they will also reduce the bills, and are also healthier for the people in them. In other words, they are USFs green buildings, and similarly very helpful for the green movement. Another way USF is environmentally friendly is that USF Tampa has set up a place to rent bikes to get around on campus versus driving, or they also have bus routes going throughout the campus that is available to all students. This is a very positive advancement; it saves fuel, and also is very convenient for students. Renting bicycles or riding the campus bus also helps the environment by conserving your carbon footprint because the busses are running off biodiesel. Biodiesel is a biodegradable, nonhazardous, renewable resource that is made from fatty acids such as vegetable oil. So, all in all, USF is helping their budgets and helping the environment at the same time, simply by choosing to go green. Based on the survey conducted, one major area of improvement USF can work on to advance in their efforts to go green, is to work on how the temperature is controlled. Many students have stated in the survey that the classrooms are often too cold. By turning the thermostat up a few degrees, energy can be saved, and make the university more eco-friendly.

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One big way people are going green is by changing their mode of transportation. USF could take advantage of this in order to help make them greener as well. With more students taking the green initiative, there needs to be an update to the parking system. By adding more specific, parking for electric cars, and bikes, more students may be inclined to use such modes when traveling to and from the campus. This, of course, would vary from campus to campus, with Tampa needing the most, since their student body is much larger. In order to get a good gauge of how many more spots are needed, a survey could be done via the cashiers office. At the time of a student purchasing a parking pass, they could ask the type of vehicle driven, or ask if a student would be more likely to use a bike for example, if more parking was provided. While many campus buildings do have restricted operating hours, majority of appliances and computer systems are still plugged into power outlets, allowing excess electricity to be drained. Implementing a procedure that prompts campus staff to unplugging electronic entities will lead to a lower utility bill and could increase the longevity of electrical appliances, which sequentially enables USF to save additional funds that would normally go toward replacing old computer hard drives or establishing an entirely new set of computer systems. One other way to a possible solution can be to reduce pollution. Pollution can be reduced not only from separate bins for recycling, but also by reducing littering, or reducing fertilizer and pesticide use. By more universities and businesses creating a Climate and Environment Degradation Risk and Adaption Assessment (CEDRA), policies can be made, and projects can be examined to be environmentally friendly. A CEDRA assessment is composed of six major steps in which the problem is first made aware, then, defined, and brainstormed for option ideas. After those first three stages, a policy will be selected, implemented, and evaluated to see changes.

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Glossary of Terms:
Atmosphere: the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet Composting: the decomposition of organic material that can then be re-used as fertilizer Conserve: protect (something, esp. an environmentally or culturally important place or thing) from harm or destruction. Degradation: the condition or process of degrading or being degraded Degrade: break down or deteriorate/treat or regard with contempt or disrespect Detrimental: tending to cause harm Eco-Takeouts is a green alternative to disposable containers. Made of durable polypropylene, G.E.T.'s Eco-Takeouts, reusable to-go containers, can be sanitized in the dishwasher and reused again and again Environment: the natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, esp. as affected by human activity Global Warming: a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. HVAC system: the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort Innumerable: too many to be counted Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED): a suite of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes and neighborhoods. Photocell: a solid-state device that converts light into electrical energy by producing a voltage, as in a photovoltaic cell , or uses light to regulate the flow of current, as in a photoconductive cell: used in automatic control systems for doors, lighting, etc.

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Pollution: the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects STG: The Science and Technology building built on the USF St. Petersburg Campus, which has been LEED certified. Sustainable: able to be maintained at a certain rate or level

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Annotated Bibliography
In this paper we will be going over how to be more environmentally friendly by going green. These sources all have one thing in common, and that is the ideas of going green and the processes that have been done to turn those ideas into actions. We mainly focused on what going green means and what is being done at USF in particular. From our research we have found that being environmentally friendly is becoming a way of life for many, and moving it into the campus is helping to get others involved. 1) "USF One of Nation's Top Green Colleges - University of South Florida." 2011. 31 Oct. 2013 http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=2295 This site provides an overview of USF's efforts on going green. It provides a bulleted list of some of the projects, and procedures put into place. This site makes for a good jumping off point for research. One project in particular that sounds interesting is one developed by USF researchers that takes common organic materials and converts them to usable jet fuel. USF also puts on a green job fair, which provides students with an outlet to locate jobs in environmental fields. 2)"Sustain-A-Bull USF - Office of the Provost - University of South Florida." 2008. 31 Oct. 2013 http://www.acad.usf.edu/Office/Strategic-Initiatives/Sustain-A-Bull-USF.htm This site is a great resource. It provides links to other websites about going green projects throughout USF and the Tampa bay area. One specific point made here, is that the young want to go green. This would make sense as to why USF and universities alike. USF Tampa has a transportation system that to date has saved 11,500 lbs of CO2. 3)"USF is taking green to a whole new level, out with Styrofoam, in with ..." 2011. 31 Oct. 2013

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http://www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/news/region_tampa/usf-is-taking-green-to-a-wholenewlevel,-out-with-styrofoam,-in-with-reusable-to-go-boxes This site provides an interesting look, as a news article it gives a different prospective. This particular article discusses efforts in the dining hall at USF Tampa. They have done away with styrofoam and moved on to less wasteful utensils. 4)"USF Sustainability Partners - Engineers for a Sustainable World at ..." 2008. 31 Oct. 2013 http://www.eswusf.org/usfsustainabilitypartners/index.html This site provides information on partners of the USF stability efforts. This provides contact information and websites, that may be useful when looking at interviews and gathering information . 5)"Colleges and universities nationwide go green; Texas getting on ..." 2013. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.uta.edu/news/releases/2007/11/universities-nationwide-go-green.php> This source takes a look at colleges going green, and keys in on UT Arlington. This helps make comparisons as to where USF is on the going green spectrum. UT Arlington has won awards for their efforts in recycling and composting. This university is even in the works to plan a green research building. 6)"University of Michigan going green environmentally | Crain's ..." 2011. 31 Oct. 2013 http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20110927/FREE/110929904 Looking again at other universities in order to develop comparisons. The university of Michigan is working on a plan that will allow them to cut emissions by 25 percent by 2025. Michigan is also developing curriculum and hiring experts in the field of sustainability to teach such courses.

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7)"Fossil Free Fossil Free - A National Movement to Divest From Fossil ..." 2012. 31 Oct. 2013 http://gofossilfree.org/ The students of Wesleyan have helped in the going green movement by helping develop a resolution to divest from fossil fuels. They are looking to further social and environmental justice on an environmental level. 8)"How Green is Your University? | Top Universities." 2013. 31 Oct. 2013 <http:// www.topuniversities.com/blog/how-green-your-university> This article takes a look at students and how the level of green could affect a decision when choosing a university. This article takes a look at other countries as well, looking at the UK. In the UK after years of student led going green campaigns 100% of the universities have some sort of environmental policy. 9)Sustainability programs and initiatives at USF and around the world. 2013. 20 Nov. 2013 http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/green-energy-fund/ This article lists and expands upon the reviewed proposals and ideas in reference to the plans toward reduction and elimination of "greenhouse gas emissions from the Tampa campus operations and infrastructure." It also goes into detail about implemented fees, the process of evaluating proposals, and project organization. 10)USF sustainable initiatives highlighted at largest higher ed sustainability conference in US 2013. 20 Nov. 2013 http://psgs.usf.edu/news/article/usf-sustainable-initiatives-highlighted-atnorth-americas-largest-higher-ed/ This article pertains to the 2013 AASHE conference that was located in Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Seneshaw Tsegaye of the Patel College and Ms. Barbara Donerly of Facilities and Planning, both, represented USF and held a presentation on the university's initiatives.

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11) http://www.climateplanning.org/tools/climate-change-and-environmental-degradation-riskand-adaptation-assessment-cedra This online article mostly pertains to the Climate Change and Environmental Degradation Risk and Adaption Assessment (CEDRA). The CEDRA technique involves increasing awareness, and decreasing environmental issues. 12) http://ethicaleating.uua.org/climate-change From this website, many environmental issues that need to be addressed in the going green movement are found. Issues such as climate change, global warming, risks of different forms of pollution, and land degradation are explained. Also found in this article are numerous facts that prove why all these issues are bad for our atmosphere. 13) http://www.scribd.com/doc/105026350/Climate-Change-Demography-EnvironmentalDegradation-and-Armed-Conflict#download Out of all the sources, this source mainly focused on the risks of climate change. These risks include all the resources that would be affected by climate change around the world. This source also expands on other detrimental problems in our environment that prove why the green movement is a worthy investment. 14) http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/environmental-degradation.html The business dictionary provides various definitions. Out of the numerous definitions of environmental degradation, this one seemed to be fit for our project content.

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Works Cited
1) "USF One of Nation's Top Green Colleges - University of South Florida." 2011. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=2295>

2) "Sustain-A-Bull USF - Office of the Provost - University of South Florida." 2008. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.acad.usf.edu/Office/Strategic-Initiatives/Sustain-A-Bull-USF.htm>

3) "USF is taking green to a whole new level, out with Styrofoam, in with ..." 2011. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/news/region_tampa/usf-is-taking-green-to-awhole-new-level,-out-with-styrofoam,-in-with-reusable-to-go-boxes>

4) "USF Sustainability Partners - Engineers for a Sustainable World at ..." 2008. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.eswusf.org/usfsustainabilitypartners/index.html>

5) "Colleges and universities nationwide go green; Texas getting on ..." 2013. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.uta.edu/news/releases/2007/11/universities-nationwide-go-green.php> 6) "University of Michigan going green environmentally | Crain's ..." 2011. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20110927/FREE/110929904>

7) "Fossil Free Fossil Free - A National Movement to Divest From Fossil ..." 2012. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://gofossilfree.org/>

8) "How Green is Your University? | Top Universities." 2013. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.topuniversities.com/blog/how-green-your-university>

9) "Green Universities: 25 Of The World's Greenest Campuses | news ..." 2013. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.northeastern.edu/news/in-the-news/green-universities-25-of-the-worldsgreenest-campuses/>

10) "Green Universities: #4 Northeastern University." 2013. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.cps.neu.edu/news/green-university.php>

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11) "Living on Earth: Northeastern University Cited As America's ..." 2012. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=12-P13-00048&segmentID=6>

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13) "Renewable energy: Solar, wind, wave, tidal and hydropower ..." 2013. 31 Oct. 2013 <http://www.theguardian.com/environment/renewableenergy> 14) Office of Sustainability at USF - Patel College of Global Sustainability 2011. 2 Nov. 2013. Retrieved from http://psgs.usf.edu/office-of-sustainability 15) The Princeton Review & Entrepreneur Magazine Name the Top 50 Schools for Entrepreneurship Programs - Yahoo Finance. 2013. 10 Nov. 2013. Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/news/princeton-review-entrepreneur-magazine-name-100000763.html

16) Green Energy Fund - http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/green-energyfund/

17) Sustainability Program - http://psgs.usf.edu/news/article/usf-sustainable-initiativeshighlighted-at-north-americas-largest-higher-ed 18) http://www.usgbc.org/leed 19) http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2008/08/17/a-brief-history-of-the-modern-greenmovement 20) Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Climate Change and Environmental Degradation Risk and Adaptation Assessment (CEDRA) . n.d. 19 November 2013. 21) President's Ethical Eating Advisory Committee of the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA). Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Water. 2013. http://ethicaleating.uua.org/climate-change. 18 November 2013. 22) The Wilson Center. Climate Change, Demography, Environmental Degradation, and Armed Conflict . 5 September 2012. 18 November 2013. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/105026350/Climate-Change-Demography-EnvironmentalDegradation-and-Armed-Conflict#download>. 23) WebFinance, Inc. Environmental Degradation. 2013. 19 November 2013.

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