Lecture 03

1
Venn diagram
A U
C B The universal set U is usually represented by a rectangle. Inside this rectangle, subsets of the universal set are represented by
geometrical gures.
Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.
To represent (A B) C :
To represent (A C ) ( B C ):
To represent (A B) C : A C B To represent (A C ) ( B C ):
To represent (A B) C : A C B To represent (A C ) ( B C ): A C B
To prove (A B) C = (A C ) ( B C ) in a rigorous manner, should use formal mathematical logic.
A few remarks about set notations
If a set has nitely many elements , use the listing method to express the set
write down all the elements enclosed the elements by braces
write down all the elements enclosed the elements by braces Example {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
Because intervals have innitely many elements , we cant use listing method
to express intervals. We introduce new notations:
to express intervals. We introduce new notations: square bracket means endpoint included round bracket means endpoint excluded
to express intervals. We introduce new notations: square bracket means endpoint included round bracket means endpoint excluded Example [7, 11],
(2, 5]
(2, 5]
Note The interval [7, 11] contains ALL numbers between 7 and 11 (including
integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers)
(2, 5]
Note The interval [7, 11] contains ALL numbers between 7 and 11 (including
integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers)

For example, 10 [7, 11]
9.123 [7, 11] 50 [7, 11]
Inequalities
To solve an inequality (or inequalities) in an unknown x means to nd all real
numbers x such that the inequality is satised .

The set of all such x is called the solution set to the inequality.
Inequalities

The set of all such x is called the solution set to the inequality. Polynomial inequalities
an xn + an1 xn1 + + a1 x + a0 < 0 ( or > 0, or 0, or 0)

where n 1 and an
0.
Inequalities

The set of all such x is called the solution set to the inequality. Polynomial inequalities
an xn + an1 xn1 + + a1 x + a0 < 0 ( or > 0, or 0, or 0)

where n 1 and an (1) n = 1 (2) n = 2 (3) n 3
0.
Linear inequalities Quadratic inequalities Higher degree inequalities
Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:
1 3 2x 9
1 3 2x 9
Solution The inequality means 1 3 2 x and 3 2 x 9.
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9 3 9 2x
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9 3 9 2x 3 x
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9 3 9 2x 3 x
Solution set
= { x R : x 1 and 3 x}
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9 3 9 2x 3 x
Solution set
= { x R : x 1 and 3 x} = { x R : 3 x 1}
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9 3 9 2x 3 x
Solution set
= { x R : x 1 and 3 x} = { x R : 3 x 1} = [3, 1]
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9 3 9 2x 3 x
Solution set
= { x R : x 1 and 3 x} = { x R : 3 x 1} = [3, 1]
Be careful
1 3 2x 1 3 2 x
1 3 2x 9
Solving separately:
1 3 2x 2x 3 1 x 1
3 2x 9 3 9 2x 3 x
Solution set
= { x R : x 1 and 3 x} = { x R : 3 x 1} = [3, 1]
Be careful
1 3 2x 1 3 2 x 2 x 2
Example Find the solution set to the following:
2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4
2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

Solution Solve separately:
2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1
2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1
3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2
2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1
3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2
Solution set
= { x R : x < 1 and x < 2}
2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1
3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2
Solution set
= { x R : x < 1 and x < 2} = { x R : x < 2}
2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1
3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2
Solution set
= { x R : x < 1 and x < 2} = { x R : x < 2} = (, 2)
2 x + 1 > 9 and 3 x + 4 < 10
2 x + 1 > 9 and 3 x + 4 < 10

2x + 1 > 9 2x > 8 x > 4
2 x + 1 > 9 and 3 x + 4 < 10

2x + 1 > 9 2x > 8 x > 4
3 x + 4 < 10 3x < 6 x < 2
2 x + 1 > 9 and 3 x + 4 < 10

2x + 1 > 9 2x > 8 x > 4
3 x + 4 < 10 3x < 6 x < 2
Solution set
= { x R : x > 4 and x < 2}
2 x + 1 > 9 and 3 x + 4 < 10

2x + 1 > 9 2x > 8 x > 4
3 x + 4 < 10 3x < 6 x < 2
Solution set
= { x R : x > 4 and x < 2} =
Wording (1) Find the solution(s) to the inequality 2 x 1 > 0. (2) Find the solution set to the inequality 2 x 1 > 0.
Answer
(1) Solutions
x>
1 2
Answer
(1) Solutions
x>
1 2
(2) Solution set
xR:x>
1 2
1 , 2
Answer
(1) Solutions
x>
1 2
(2) Solution set
xR:x>
1 2
1 , 2
Solve the inequality 2 x 1 > 0.

Can give solution or solution set.
Quadratic Inequalities
ax2 + bx + c > 0
ax2 + bx + c > 0 ax2 + bx + c 0 ax2 + bx + c < 0 ax2 + bx + c 0
Properties of real numbers (1) m > 0 and n > 0 = m n > 0
Properties of real numbers (1) m > 0 and n > 0 = m n > 0 (2) m < 0 and n < 0 = m n > 0
Properties of real numbers (1) m > 0 and n > 0 = m n > 0 (2) m < 0 and n < 0 = m n > 0 (3) m > 0 and n < 0 = m n < 0
Properties of real numbers (1) m > 0 and n > 0 = m n > 0 (2) m < 0 and n < 0 = m n > 0 (3) m > 0 and n < 0 = m n < 0 From these we get (4) m n > 0 (m > 0 and n > 0) or (m < 0 and n < 0)
Properties of real numbers (1) m > 0 and n > 0 = m n > 0 (2) m < 0 and n < 0 = m n > 0 (3) m > 0 and n < 0 = m n < 0 From these we get (4) m n > 0 (m > 0 and n > 0) or (m < 0 and n < 0) (5) m n < 0 (m > 0 and n < 0) or (m < 0 and n > 0)
10
Example Find the solution set to the inequality
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
10
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
Solution Method 1 Factorize the quadratic polynomial
10
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 ( x + 5)( x 3) > 0
10
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 ( x + 5)( x 3) > 0

Apply Rule (4)
( x + 5 > 0 and x 3 > 0)
or
( x + 5 < 0 and x 3 < 0)
10
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 ( x + 5)( x 3) > 0

Apply Rule (4)
( x + 5 > 0 and x 3 > 0) ( x > 5 and x > 3)
or or
( x + 5 < 0 and x 3 < 0) ( x < 5 and x < 3)
10
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 ( x + 5)( x 3) > 0

Apply Rule (4)
( x + 5 > 0 and x 3 > 0) ( x > 5 and x > 3) x>3
or or or
( x + 5 < 0 and x 3 < 0) ( x < 5 and x < 3) x < 5
10
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 ( x + 5)( x 3) > 0

Apply Rule (4)
( x + 5 > 0 and x 3 > 0) ( x > 5 and x > 3) x>3

Solution set
or or or
( x + 5 < 0 and x 3 < 0) ( x < 5 and x < 3) x < 5
= { x R : x < 5 or x > 3}
10
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 ( x + 5)( x 3) > 0

Apply Rule (4)
( x + 5 > 0 and x 3 > 0) ( x > 5 and x > 3) x>3

Solution set
or or or
( x + 5 < 0 and x 3 < 0) ( x < 5 and x < 3) x < 5
= { x R : x < 5 or x > 3} = (, 5) (3, )
11
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
Method 2 Graphical method
11
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
Graph of y = x2 + 2 x 15
11
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
-5
11
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
-5
To solve the inequality x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 means

to nd all (real numbers) x such that y > 0
11
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
-5
To solve the inequality x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 means

to nd all (real numbers) x such that y > 0
Solution set: (, 5) (3, )
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
x = 5
5 < x < 3
x=3
x>3
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3
x>3
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 +
x>3 +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 +
x>3 +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0
x>3 +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0
x>3 + +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0
x>3 + +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0
x>3 + +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0
x>3 + +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0
x>3 + +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0 0
x>3 + +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0 0
x>3 + + +
12
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0
x < 5 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0
5 < x < 3
x=3 0
x>3 +
x < 5 x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3) +
x = 5 0 0
5 < x < 3 +
x=3 + 0 0
x>3 + + +
Solution set: (, 5) (3, )
13
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 x < 5 x = 5 0 0 5 < x < 3 + x=3 + 0 0 x>3 + + +
x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
Steps
13
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 x < 5 x = 5 0 0 5 < x < 3 + x=3 + 0 0 x>3 + + +
x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
Steps
Factorize left-side
x2 + 2 x 15 = ( x + 5)( x 3)
13
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 x < 5 x = 5 0 0 5 < x < 3 + x=3 + 0 0 x>3 + + +
x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
Steps
Factorize left-side
x2 + 2 x 15 = ( x + 5)( x 3)
Zeros of left-side 5 and 3
13
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 x < 5 x = 5 0 0 5 < x < 3 + x=3 + 0 0 x>3 + + +
x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
Steps
Factorize left-side
x2 + 2 x 15 = ( x + 5)( x 3)
Zeros of left-side 5 and 3 Divide real number line into three parts: (, 5), (5, 3), (3, )
13
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 x < 5 x = 5 0 0 5 < x < 3 + x=3 + 0 0 x>3 + + +
x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
Steps
Factorize left-side
x2 + 2 x 15 = ( x + 5)( x 3)
Zeros of left-side 5 and 3 Divide real number line into three parts: (, 5), (5, 3), (3, ) On each of these intervals, determine the sign of ( x + 5) and ( x 3),
13
Method 3
x2 + 2 x 15 > 0 x < 5 x = 5 0 0 5 < x < 3 + x=3 + 0 0 x>3 + + +
x+5 x3 ( x + 5)( x 3)
Steps
Factorize left-side
x2 + 2 x 15 = ( x + 5)( x 3)
Zeros of left-side 5 and 3 Divide real number line into three parts: (, 5), (5, 3), (3, ) On each of these intervals, determine the sign of ( x + 5) and ( x 3),
hence the sign of ( x + 5)( x 3)
14
Polynomial inequalities (degree 3)
an xn + an1 xn1 + a1 x + a0 > 0
14
an xn + an1 xn1 + a1 x + a0 > 0 0 < 0 0
14
an xn + an1 xn1 + a1 x + a0 > 0 0 < 0

Method 1 2n1 cases
For example, n = 3: 4 cases:
0 abc>0 +++ + + +
14
an xn + an1 xn1 + a1 x + a0 > 0 0 < 0

Method 1 2n1 cases
0 abc>0 +++ + + + abcd >0 + + ++ + + + + ++ + + + + + +
n = 4:
8 cases:
14
an xn + an1 xn1 + a1 x + a0 > 0 0 < 0

Method 1 2n1 cases
0 abc>0 +++ + + + abcd >0 + + ++ + + + + ++ + + + + + +
n = 4:
8 cases:
Method 2
Need graphs polynomials of degrees 3
14
an xn + an1 xn1 + a1 x + a0 > 0 0 < 0

Method 1 2n1 cases
0 abc>0 +++ + + + abcd >0 + + ++ + + + + ++ + + + + + +
n = 4:
8 cases:
Method 2 Method 3
Need graphs polynomials of degrees 3 By table
14
an xn + an1 xn1 + a1 x + a0 > 0 0 < 0

Method 1 2n1 cases
0 abc>0 +++ + + + abcd >0 + + ++ + + + + ++ + + + + + +
n = 4:
8 cases:
Method 2 Method 3
Need graphs polynomials of degrees 3 By table
ALL three methods need to factorize L.S.
15
Example Solve the following inequality x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12 0
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x)
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

By Factor Theorem, ( x 2) is a factor of p( x).
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

By Factor Theorem, ( x 2) is a factor of p( x). Long division or compare coeffcients
p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6)
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 2
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 3 < x < 2 2
2 < x < 2
2<x
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 0 0 0 0 3 3 < x < 2 2
2 < x < 2
2 0
2<x
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 0 0 0 0 3 3 < x < 2 2
2 < x < 2
2 0
2<x +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 0 0 0 3 3 < x < 2 2 0
2 < x < 2
2 0
2<x +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 0 0 0 3 3 < x < 2 2 0
2 < x < 2 +
2 0 + 0
2<x + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 0 0 0 3 < x < 2 2 0
2 < x < 2 +
2 0 + 0
2<x + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + + +
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) Solution: 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + + +
x < 3 or x = 3 or x = 2 or 2 < x < 2 or x = 2, that is,
15
Solution
Denote p( x) = x3 + 3 x2 4 x 12.
Factorize p( x) p(2) = 23 + 3(22) 4(2) 12 = 0

p( x) = ( x 2)( x2 + 5 x + 6) = ( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x < 3 x2 x+2 x+3 p( x) Solution: 3 0 0 3 < x < 2 + + 2 0 + 0
2 < x < 2 + +
2 0 + + 0
2<x + + + +
x < 3 or x = 3 or x = 2 or 2 < x < 2 or x = 2, that is,
x 3 or 2 x 2.

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1

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

Venn diagrams help us identify some useful formulas in set operations.

A few remarks about set notations

A few remarks about set notations

A few remarks about set notations

A few remarks about set notations

A few remarks about set notations

A few remarks about set notations

integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers)

A few remarks about set notations

integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers)

9.123 [7, 11] 50 [7, 11]

numbers x such that the inequality is satised .

numbers x such that the inequality is satised .

an xn + an1 xn1 + + a1 x + a0 < 0 ( or > 0, or 0, or 0)

numbers x such that the inequality is satised .

an xn + an1 xn1 + + a1 x + a0 < 0 ( or > 0, or 0, or 0)

Linear inequalities Quadratic inequalities Higher degree inequalities

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following compound inequality:

Example Find the solution set to the following:

2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

Example Find the solution set to the following:

2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1

Example Find the solution set to the following:

2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1

3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2

Example Find the solution set to the following:

2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1

3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2

= { x R : x < 1 and x < 2}

Example Find the solution set to the following:

2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1

3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2

= { x R : x < 1 and x < 2} = { x R : x < 2}

Example Find the solution set to the following:

2 x + 1 < 3 and 3 x + 10 < 4

2x + 1 < 3 2x < 2 x < 1

3 x + 10 < 4 3 x < 6 x < 2

= { x R : x < 1 and x < 2} = { x R : x < 2} = (, 2)

Example Find the solution set to the following: